HSC 3537 UCF – Chapter 4 Terms – Flashcards
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nasal cavity
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Hollow area inside the nose.
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septum
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Dividing wall of cartilage and bone between the right and left nostrils.
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conchae
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Plural form of concha.
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mucosa
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Mucous membrane that lines the inside of a structure or body system
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larynx
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Voice box; structure that contains the vocal cords.
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epiglottis
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Lid-like structure that seals the larynx when food is swallowed.
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vocal cord
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Cords (bands) of connective tissue in the larynx that vibrate and produce sounds for the voice.
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trachea
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Rigid tube between the larynx and bronchi (windpipe)
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bronchi
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Latin plural noun. Singluar form is bronchus.
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bronchioles
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Small tubes that branch off the bronchi
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lumen
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Central opening inside the tubular esophagus and intestine.
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cilia
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Tiny hairs inside a tube
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bronchial tree
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The branches of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.
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alveoli
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pulmonary parenchyma (Latin plural noun. Singular form is alveolus)
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parenchyma
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Functional part of any organ
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surfactant
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Substance that creates surface tension and keeps the walls of the alveolus from collapsing.
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lobe
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Large division of a structure, visible on its outer surface
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apex
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rounded top part of each lung (Latin singular noun. Plural form is apices)
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hilum
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indentation on the medial aspect of each lung (Latin singular noun. Plural form is hila)
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thorax
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Bony cage of the chest; made up of the sternum, ribs, and spine.
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diaphragm
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Muscular sheet that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
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inhalation
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Process of in breathing. Also known as inspiration.
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exhalation
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Process of letting out a breath. Also known as expiration.
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inspiration
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Process of taking in a breath. Also known as inhalation.
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expiration
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Process of out breathing. Also known as exhalation.
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ventilation
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Process of movement of air
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respiration
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Process of breathing again and again.
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metabolism
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A process of change or transformation that happens within a cell.
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bronchitis
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Inflammation or infection of the bronchus.
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sputum
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Mucus produced by the lungs
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
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Combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
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asthma
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Hyperreactivity of the bronchi and bronchioles with bronchospasm.
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bronchospasm
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Sudden, involuntary muscle contraction around the bronchus.
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bronchiectasis
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Condition of dilation of the bronchus.
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auscultation
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Process of listening.
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rales
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Irregular crackling or bubbling sounds during inspiration.
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rhonchi
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Humming, whistling, or snoring sounds during inspiration or expiration.
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stridor
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High-pitched, harsh, crowing sound from obstruction in the trachea or larynx.
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wheezes
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High-pitched whistling or squeaking sounds during inspiration or expiration.
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cystic fibrosis
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Hereditary disease with semisolid cysts in the pancreas; it makes mucus in the lungs very thick.
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mucus
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Secretion of the mucous membrane.
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dyspnea
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Breathing that is difficult, painful, or abnormal.
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mucous
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Pertaining to mucus.
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percussion
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action of tapping
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influenza
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Viral infection of the respiratory system; the flu.
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pneumonia
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Condition of infection of the lung
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bronchopneumonia
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Condition of inflammation or infection of the bronchi and the lung.
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aspiration pneumonia
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Pneumonia caused by foreign matter such as vomit that is inhaled into the lungs.
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Legionnaires' disease
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Severe, sometimes fatal, bacterial pneumonia with possible liver and kidney degeneration.
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tuberculosis (TB)
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Abnormal condition of having nodules of infection in the lung.
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anthracosis
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Abnormal condition of the lungs from inhaling coal dust. Also known as coal miner's lung or black lung disease.
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asbestosis
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Abnormal condition in the lung of inhaling fibers of asbestos.
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pneumoconiosis
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Abnormal condition of the lung that is caused by dust.
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atelectasis
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Condition of dilation of the alveoli that is incomplete. Also known as collapsed lung.
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emphysema
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Condition in the lungs of being inflated and distended.
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empyema
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Condition of pus in the lung.
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pyothorax
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Thorax that contains pus. Also known as empyema.
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pulmonary edema
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Fluid in the lungs caused by failure of the left side of the heart to adequately pump blood and the backup of blood into the pulmonary circulation.
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purulent
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Pertaining to pus.
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pleurisy
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Condition of inflammation or infection of the pleura. Also known as pleuritis.
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pleural effusion
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Accumulation of fluid within the pleural space due to inflammation or infection of the pleura and lungs.
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hemothorax
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Thorax that contains blood. The source of bleeding needs to be found and treated.
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pneumothorax
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Abnormal condition of the thorax having air in it
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apnea
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Not breathing; absence of respirations.
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bradypnea
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Breathing that is slow.
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tachypnea
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Breathing fast
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orthopnea
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Breathing in a straight up position.
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expectoration
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Process of expelling sputum out of the chest.
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anoxia
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Condition of being without oxygen.
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anoxic
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Pertaining to being without oxygen.
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hypoxemia
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Condition of the arterial blood being deficient in oxygen.
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cyanosis
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Abnormal condition of the skin being blue.
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asphyxia
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Condition of abnormally high level of carbon dioxide and low level of oxygen because of choking, drowning, or suffocating.
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hypercapnia
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Condition of more than normal carbon dioxide.
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The greatest danger of pneumothorax is:
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collapsing a lung
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Hypercapnia is defined as:
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increased carbon dioxide in the blood
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A person who must sit up to breathe has the condition of:
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orthopnea
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The term hypoxemia is used when a person:
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has a low level of oxygen in the arterial blood.
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culture and sensitivity (C&S)
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Test to identify the cause of an infection and its sensitivity to antibiotic drugs.
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Mantoux test
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Definitive test for tuberculosis.
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intradermal
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Pertaining to within the skin.
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arterial blood gases (ABG)
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Test to measure the amount of the gases, oxygen, and carbon dioxide in arterial blood.
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pH
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Test of how acidic or alkaline the blood or urine is.
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oximetry
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Process of measuring oxygen in the blood.
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carboxyhemoglobin
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Substance that carries carbon monoxide in the blood and is shaped like a globe (hemoglobin).
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spirometer
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Instrument used to measure the volume that the patient breathes.
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anteroposterior
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Pertaining to going from the front part to the back part.
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posteroanterior
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Pertaining to (going from) the back part to the front part.
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computed axial tomography
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Process of recording the body in slices using a computer.
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magnetic resonance imaging
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Radiologic procedure that uses a magnetic field and radiowaves to align protons and produce an image.
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cannula
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Tubing with nasal prongs to give a patient oxygen.
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ventilator
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Device that produces movement of air. Also known as a respirator.
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Heimlich maneuver
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Procedure to assist a choking victim by using abdominal thrusts.
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endotracheal intubation
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Process of putting a tube within the trachea.
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bronchoscopy
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Process of using an instrument to examine the bronchus.
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biopsy
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Process of removing and then viewing living tissue removed from the body.
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thoracentesis
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Procedure to puncture the thorax with a needle. Also known as a thoracocentesis.
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thoracotomy
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Process of cutting or making an incision into the thorax.
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lobectomy
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Surgical removal of a lobe of a structure
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pneumonectomy
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Surgical removal of a lung
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tracheotomy
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Process of cutting or making an incision into the trachea.
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tracheostomy
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Surgically created opening in the trachea.
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laryngectomy
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Surgical removal of the larynx (voice box).
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Oximetry measures the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood.
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false
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An MRI test does not use radiation to create images.
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true
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Incentive spirometry is helpful to increase lung capacity after surgery.
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true
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Insertion of a chest tube involves cutting into the trachea.
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false
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A lobectomy is removal of only part of a lung.
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true
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A patient must go to the nuclear medicine department for a lung scan.
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true
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A pulmonary function test uses a spirometer.
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true
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A C&S result can determine the drugs needed to treat infection.
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true
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An ABG is a simple venous blood test.
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false
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A chest x-ray may be ordered as PA or AP.
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true
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antibiotic drug
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Drug that is against living organisms (bacteria).
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antiviral drug
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Drug that is used against viruses.
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antitubercular drug
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Drug that is used against tuberculosis.
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antitussive drug
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Drug that is against a cough
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expectorant drugs
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Pertaining to a drug that takes sputum out of the chest.
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bronchodilator drug
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Drug that produces an effect to make the bronchus widen.
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corticosteroid drug
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Drug that is anti-inflammatory like corticosteroids from the adrenal cortex.
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respiratory therapist
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Allied health professional who performs pulmonary function tests and administers respiratory therapy.
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pulmonologist
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One who specializes in the study of the lung.
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chest
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pector/o-
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together
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syn-
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listening
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auscult/o-
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cough
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tuss/o-
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all
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pan-
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disease from specific cause
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-ism
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breathe
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spir/o- , hal/o-
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pus
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py/o-
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widen
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dilat/o-
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painful; difficult; abnormal
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dys-
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condition of dilation
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-ectasis
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slow
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brady-
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dust
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coni/o-
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to cut out; remove
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resect/o-
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base
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bottom aspect of each lung
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pharynx
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throat
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substance that keeps the alveoli open
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surfactant
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flap that covers the opening to the larynx
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epiglottis
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top portion of the lungs
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apex
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tube with C-shaped cartilage
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trachea
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protruding bones in the nasal cavity
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pharynx
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smallest airways
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bronchioles
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voice box
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larynx
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balloon-like structures
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alveoli
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sheet of muscle
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diaphragm
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bronchi enter lungs here
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hilium
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Order that air flows into the respiratory system
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- air is warmed - air from nostrils - flap covers airway - through the vocal cords - tube with C-shaped cartilage - branches enter lungs - smallest airways - delicate balloons
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movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood
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gas transport
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use of oxygen by the cells to create energy
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metabolism
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exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the blood and outside air
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external respiration
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transfer of oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide waste of blood
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internal respiration
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movement of air in and out of the lungs
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ventilation
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breathing air into lungs
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inspiration
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breathing air out of lungs
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exhalation
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asthma is characterized by --
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bronchospasm
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high-pitched squeaks during breathing are --
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wheezes
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using cupped hands to do chest percussion is a useful procedure for someone with --
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cystic fibrosis
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aspiration pneumonia is caused by breathing in --
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foreign matter
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an upper respiratory infection is more commonly known as a --
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head cold
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bacteria or viruses can cause a lung infection called --
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pneumonia
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listening to lung sounds is known medically as --
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auscultation
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deep coughing with mucus production usually occurs with --
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bronchitis
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collapse of the parenchyma
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atelectasis
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collection of pus in the thoracic cavity
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empyema
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communicable lung disease
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TB
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breakdown of the walls of the alveoli
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emphysema
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usually caused by smoking or secondhand smoke
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lung cancer
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blood clot that gets trapped in the lungs
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pulmonary embolism
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lung disorder caused by inhalation of dust particles
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pneumoconiosis
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condition caused by breathing in coal dust
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anthracosis
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severe pneumonia caused by specific bacteria
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Legionnaires' disease
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an -- is used to liquefy and cough up mucus
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expectorant
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opening air passageways is achieved with a --
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bronchodilator
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when an infant dies suddenly, he dies of --
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SIDS
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a person with -- has an extremely difficult time breathing
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RDS
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a person with a dry cough can use an --
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antitussive
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a person with a head cold is said to have a --
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URI
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A -- will reduce inflammation in air passageways
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corticosteroid
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a person with respiratory difficulties will have -- after walking up a flight of stairs
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SOB
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bronchodilator drugs are usually given with an --
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inhaler
