Integrative and Eclectic therapies – Flashcards

1. proliferation of therapies, 2. inadequacy of any single therapy for all patients and problems, 3. socioeconomic issues- psychotherapies must be proven to be effective in order for HMOs to reimburse, 4. increasing popularity of short-term problem focused treatments, 5. opportunities for therapists to expieriment with various treatments, 6. recognitions that the common factors of therapy heavily contribute to therapeutic outcome, 7. development of professional socieites for integration- conferences, networking, and journals promote integration

Robertson 1979: training that encourages eclecticism, length of clinical experience (more clinical experience, more integration), therapiests personality (more openness= more eclecticism)

1. common factors 2. technical eclecticism 3. theoretical integration

the core ingredients that different theoretical therapeutic approaches have in common

1. therapists effect 2. poor comparison treatments 3. allegiance effects

the efficacy of a treatment is largely due to variation among individual therapists, not the specific treatment, therapist effects greatly exceed tx effects

many studies comparing a specific technique to another intervention do not use a comparable therapeutic intervention, when a specific technique (CBT) IS compared to another therapeutic technique (IPT) frequently no differences are found in effectiveness (this is the dodo bird verdict- all therapies win and all must have prizes

the researchers allegiance to an intervention accounts for the therapeutic outcome, wampold has demonstrated that a therapists allegiance accounts for more differences in therapeutic techniques than the actual technique

1. client factors- desire for change, ability to change, worldview 2. relationship factors- positive therapeutic alliance 3. instilling hope and expectancy in client 4. models and techniques- selecting mehtods that may provide strucutre for therapy

using data regarding what has worked best int he past for specific disorders and client characteristics to determine which specific approach to use, selecting several dishes to constitute a meal, ex: multimodal

2 or more psychotherapeutic theories and techniques are integrated to produce a new psychotherapy, creating new dishes by combining different ingredients ex: psychodynamic-behavior therapy

psychoanalytic perspective is sued to explain the development of psychopathology, intrapsychic conflicts (psychoanalytic perspective) explain the maintenance of pathology, behavioral approaches are used to explain and modify and presenting pathological bx

important to combine action and insight: action- modifying behavior, insight-encourages consciousness raising. similarities between BT and pscyhodyn.: gradual exposure to fear, significant others are brought into therapy as they are beleived to perpetuate the psychopathology

systematic desensitization- used in BT as a way of gradual exposing the client to feared stimulus, Dosing anexity- used in psychodynamic psychotherapy, patients would gradually approach feared objects

does not prescribe specific or unique therapeutic content (just a new way of looking at, and working with, clinical phenomena in a new more inclusive fashion); recurrent content: pervasive role of vicious cycles in initiating and maintinaing anxiety (primary emphasis not on the fixation of tramatic experiences but on the vicious cyles set in motion by those experiences and on the ways those cyclical patterns persist into the present)

rejects psychoanalytic stance of therapeutic neutrality; embraces: empathy, genuineness, respect, collaboration, imagery, systematic desensitization, assertiveness training; externalization in the service of the therapy

enabling the client to acknowledge and take responsibility for their behavior by initially placing the responsibility elsewhere

longer than BT shorter than psychodynamic psychotherapy; applicable to individual, outpatient treatment of anxiety based disorder

no controlled research has been conducted on psychodynamic-behavior therapy

theory of psychopathology: eclectics beleive psychopathology results from several poorly understood influences, such as: maladpative emotions, inadequate information, maladaptive habits, biological dysfunctions, interpersonal problems, negative self-view, external stressors, existential concerns. they arent focused on explaing psychopathology, they are focued on treating it

eclectics beleive that clients are troubled by many problems that should be treated with many, specific techniques, multimodal therapist assess a patients problems, including specific deficits and excessing using the BASIC ID which specifies the content of therapy and helps the therapist select appropriate interventions

B= behavior A= affect S=sensation I-Imagery C=Cognition (=interpersonal relationships D=drugs/biology

behavior- reinforcement, punishment, counter-conditioning, extinction affect- acknowledge, clarifying, recognizing feelings; Sensation- tension release, sensory pleasuring; Imagery-coping with images, change in self-image; cognition- cognitive restructing, ehightened awareness, education; Interpersonal relationships- modeling, assertiveness/social skill training, nonjudgemental acceptance; drugs/biology- identify medical illness, substance-abuse cessation, nutrition and exercise, psychotropics

multimodal therapy is exhausting, more demanding for therapist than client; therapist must: gather background/history information on the client, create and modality profile- this is the BASIC ID, create a structural profile- quantitative, 7 pt rating that is made for the client across each modality ratings are graphed, and select intervention (can use the glossary of principal techniques)

precondition for change; warm, caring; NOT the vehicle for change; the relationship must fit the client (authentic chameleon)

flexible relationship sytles to fit the client at hand

30 sessions; individual, couples, group, family; inpatients, outpatients, children, older adults

multimodal/eclectic therapy has been shown to be effective for the treatment of: anxiety disorders, children, adults; more research needs to be conducted to determine its effectiveness in other domains