Question 1

A college student experiences a loss of sensation in her right arm before exams. Doctors can find no physiological basis for her condition. This student is most likely experiencing what kind of disorder?

Accepted Answer

somatoform

Question 2

Etiology refers to the:

Accepted Answer

apparent cause of a condition

Question 3

Psychiatrists and psychologist label behavior as disordered when it is

Accepted Answer

manipulative, distressful, and dysfunctional

Question 4

John regularly stops at the pharmacy to collect pamphlets that list symptoms of different illnesses, because he is worries about his health. Each day he carefully monitors his vital signs, and he also frequently meets with a physician. On his most recent visit, he believed he had a lump indicative of a type of cancer. The physician suggested that John was perfectly healthy. Which disorder might John be diagnosed with?

Accepted Answer

Illness anxiety disorder (hyperchondrasis)

Question 5

Cecil is preoccupied with thoughts of jumping out the window of this tenth-floor apartment. In order to reduce his anxiety, he frequently counts his heartbeat aloud. Cecil would most likely be diagnosed as experiencing a(n):

Accepted Answer

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 6

Positive psychological changes that results from struggling with extremely challenging life crises demonstarte

Accepted Answer

Post-traumatic growth

Question 7

According to the psychoanalytic view, depression is caused by

Accepted Answer

unresolved experiences of loss from childhood

Question 8

Julio has fragmented thinking and distorted false beliefs. Which of the psychological disorders is Julio most likely experiencing?

Accepted Answer

schizophrenia

Question 9

Negative symptoms in schizophrenia include:

Accepted Answer

behavioral deficits such as flattened emotion, apathy, and poverty of speech

Question 10

After several weeks of feeling apathetic and dissatisfied with his life, Mark has suddenly become extremely cheerful and so talkative he can\'t be interrupted. He seems to need less sleep and becomes irritated when his friends tell him to slow down. Mark\'s behavior is indicative of _____.

Accepted Answer

bipolar disorder

Question 11

In terms of neurotransmitter levels, depression is associated with

Accepted Answer

low norepinephrine levels and low serotonin levels

Question 12

DSM-V is most likely to be criticized for

Accepted Answer

classifying an excessively broad range of human behaviors as psychological disorders.

Question 13

William, an airplane pilot, is unable to remember anything of a bombing raid in which his plane was severely damaged and two crew members were killed. Because he himself suffered no physical injuries, psychology suspects that William suffers from a:

Accepted Answer

dissociative disorder

Question 14

Dr. McIntosh emphasizes that depression often involves the interactive influences of self-focused rumination, rejection from others, and low serotonin levels. Dr. McIntosh\'s emphasis best illustrates

Accepted Answer

a biopsychosocial approach

Question 15

Seeing one-eyed monsters would be a(n) ______. Believing that you are Christopher Columbus would be a ____.

Accepted Answer

hallucination; delusion

Question 16

In a study by David Rosenhan, researchers were admitted as patients into various mental hospitals after they falsely claimed to e \"hearing voices.\" The rest of the study best illustrated the negative effects of:

Accepted Answer

diagnostic labels

Question 17

Rishi, a college student, complains that he feels apprehensive and fearful most of the time but doesn\'t know why. Without warning, his heart begins to pound, his hands get icy, and he breaks out in a cold sweat. Rishi most likely suffers from a(n)

Accepted Answer

generalized anxiety disorder

Question 18

Joseph never sleeps through the night. He wakes up at least once per hour to check all the forrs and windows in his house to make sure they are locked and to check the stove to make sure it is turned off. Joseph\'s behavior would be classified as

Accepted Answer

a compulsion

Question 19

The two most common psychological disorders diagnosed in the United States fall into the categories of

Accepted Answer

mood and anxiety disorder

Question 20

An individual survives a period of captivity and exhibits behaviors that include anxiety, inability to concentrate, depression, edginess, and the re-experience of stressful events. Theses symptoms illustrate which of the following disorders?

Accepted Answer

posttraumatic stress

Question 21

Using DSM-5 guidelines, two different clinicians are likely to give a specific patient the same diagnosis. This indicates that the DSM-s is ______.

Accepted Answer

reliable

Question 22

The diathesis-stress approach would likely support which of the following statements about psychological disorder?

Accepted Answer

disorders are a result of predisposed, biological factors triggered by the environment

Question 23

While grocery shopping, John heard voices that seemed to be narrating his every action. The voices made statements such as \"Now he is picking up the bread\" and \"now he is putting the bread in his shopping cart. No one else heard the voices. John has heard voices narrating his behavior on several other occasions. What is John experiencing?

Accepted Answer

hallucination

Question 24

Chiara, a 14=year-old, is of average height but weighs only 80 pounds. She has lost 30 pounds over that last six months by eating very little and running five miles a day. She is determined not to become overweight and ignores her parents\' suggestion that she should eat well-balance meals. Chiara suffers from:

Accepted Answer

anorexia nervosa

Question 25

Inanna suffers from chronic depression. According to the cognitive perspective, how is shoe most likely to respond when told she performed poorly on a test she took the previous day?

Accepted Answer

\"I\'m academically incompetent and always will be.\"

Question 26

Recent discoveries that genetically influences abnormalities in the brain structure and biochemistry contributes to many psychological disorders contributes to the  a. biopsychosocial model b. psychodynamic perspective c. medical model d. humanistic perspective e. social-cognitive perspective

Accepted Answer

c

Question 27

Which of the following best describes the anxiety associated with a panic disorder?   a. unfocused  b. compulsive  c. intense  d. mild  e. constant

Accepted Answer

a

Question 28

People who suffer from phobias are most likely to   a. engage in repetitive rituals.  b. experience flashbacks of traumatic events.  c. have medically unexplained illnesses.  d. lose memory for personal events.  e. avoid objects or situations that lead to anxiety.

Accepted Answer

e

Question 29

Saxon often goes back to check if he has locked the front door. He must go back and check 10 times, even though he knows the door is locked, before he can go to work. Saxon\'s checking behavior is best identified as a(n)   a. compulsion.  b. obsession.  c. social anxiety.  d. fugue.  e. psychosis.

Accepted Answer

a

Question 30

Research has indicated that individuals are more likely to develop post-traumatic stress disorder if   a. they have already been diagnosed with bipolar disorder.  b. they are not \"debriefed\" after a traumatic event.  c. they suffer great emotional distress during a trauma.  d. there is an excess of dopamine at the neural level.  e. they have avoidant personality disorder.

Accepted Answer

c

Question 31

Nancy\'s fear of germ contamination causes her to feel overwhelming anxiety. She has found that when she repeatedly washes her hands, these feelings lessen. Which learning principle best explains why Nancy engages in this compulsive behavior?   a. stimulus generalization  b. stimulus discrimination  c. punishment  d. spontaneous recovery  e. reinforcement

Accepted Answer

e

Question 32

During fMRI scans of individuals with OCD, researchers have found specific brain areas showing elevated activity while the person was engaging in compulsive behaviors. Which brain region was identified?   a. left visual cortex  b. lower brainstem  c. anterior cingulate cortex  d. cerebellum  e. right somatosensory cortex

Accepted Answer

c

Question 33

After a heated argument with his wife, Andrew disappeared. He was found three months later in a homeless shelter with no memory of his identity or family. Andrew\'s experience is consistent with which psychological disorder?   a. panic disorder  b. bipolar disorder  c. schizophrenia  d. dissociative fugue  e. avoidant personality disorder

Accepted Answer

d

Question 34

Dissociative identity disorder is rare outside of North America. This suggests that   a. nature and nurture interact to create abnormal behavior.  b. fantasy-prone people are more likely to experience this phenomenon.  c. this disorder may be a culture-bound illness.  d. North Americans experience more stress-related illnesses than other nationalities.  e. this disorder has a genetic basis.

Accepted Answer

c

Question 35

Depression is diagnosed when the symptoms persist for a minimum of   a. 10 days.  b. 6 months.  c. 2 years.  d. 10 weeks.  e. 2 weeks.

Accepted Answer

e

Question 36

Researchers have found that if one identical twin has bipolar disorder, the chances are 7 in 10 that the other twin will be diagnosed similarly. Among fraternal twins, the chances are 2 in 10. This finding supports the ________ perspective in explaining causes of bipolar disorder.   a. psychodynamic  b. social-cultural  c. biological  d. social-cognitive  e. behavioral

Accepted Answer

c

Question 37

Schizophrenia is considered to be a(n) ________ disorder.   a. dissociative  b. personality  c. psychotic  d. anxiety  e. somatoform

Accepted Answer

c

Question 38

Which neurotransmitter is scarce during depression and overabundant during a manic state?   a. Norepinephrine  b. Dopamine  c. GABA  d. Acetylcholine  e. Serotonin.

Accepted Answer

a

Question 39

Annie tells everyone how important she is. She constantly seeks compliments from others and feels that she should be regarded as special, while she treats others without empathy. Her maladaptive patterns of behavior are consistent with ________ personality disorder.   a. avoidant  b. antisocial  c. schizoid  d. narcissistic  e. histrionic

Accepted Answer

d

Question 40

Researchers identified that 75 percent of their investigative sample had experienced symptoms of psychological disorders by age ________.   a. 10  b. 16  c. 24  d. 36  e. 42

Accepted Answer

c

Question 41

A trained therapist using psychological techniques to assist others in overcoming difficulties or achieving personal growth would be using which of the following?   a. biomedical therapy  b. ECT  c. meta-analysis  d. EMDR therapy  e. psychotherapy

Accepted Answer

e

Question 42

A psychoanalyst would be interested in analyzing the latent content of patient\'s dreams because   a. the narrative of the dream is important to transference.  b. analysis of the underlying meaning of dreams reveals repressed wishes.  c. dreams give us insight into our conscious wishes and desires.  d. resistances provide insight into underlying unconscious conflicts.  e. active listening provides a therapeutic setting in which growth can occur.

Accepted Answer

b

Question 43

According to humanistic therapists, what is the advantage of using the active listening technique?   a. It allows individuals to freely state their thoughts and feelings, which provides insight into repressed feelings.  b. It aids in changing maladaptive symptoms into constructive behaviors.  c. It helps reveal irrational thinking, enabling people to restructure their thinking in more positive directions.  d. It integrates techniques that enable people to change illogical thinking and learn new constructive behaviors.  e. It provides an accepting atmosphere in which clients may deepen their own self-understanding.

Accepted Answer

e

Question 44

Counterconditioning therapies, such as systematic desensitization and aversive conditioning, are based on the principles of   a. neurological stimulation.  b. transference.  c. cognitive restructuring.  d. client-centered therapy.  e. classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

e

Question 45

Paul has autism spectrum disorder and rarely makes eye contact with others. To encourage this behavior, Paul\'s parents and teachers reward him with a piece of his favorite candy when he makes eye contact. This token economy method of changing Paul\'s behavior is based on   a. active listening.  b. aversive conditioning.  c. operant conditioning.  d. cognitive therapy.  e. exposure therapy.

Accepted Answer

c

Question 46

The cognitive therapies assume that   a. psychological disorders are produced by faulty thinking in response to life events.  b. learned maladaptive behaviors can be replaced by constructive behaviors.  c. psychological problems are fueled by repressed impulses and childhood conflicts.  d. most people possess the resources needed for personal growth and self-fulfillment.  e. problem behaviors arise from tensions created by our need to connect to and separate from our families.

Accepted Answer

a

Question 47

Which of the following is an advantage of group therapy?   a. It is more effective than other traditional types of psychotherapy.  b. It saves therapists\' time and clients\' money.  c. It focuses on replacing maladaptive behaviors with constructive ones.  d. It provides a way for a person to try out new behaviors in a virtual environment.  e. It demonstrates how alternative therapies can be as effective as traditional psychotherapies.

Accepted Answer

c

Question 48

Many who have tried eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) have reported improvement. Researchers have cautioned that such improvement may be due to the individual\'s belief that the treatment will work. This is called   a. meta-analysis.  b. resistance.  c. transference.  d. insight.  e. the placebo effect.

Accepted Answer

e

Question 49

Which of the following statements best summarizes the role psychotherapists play in a client\'s improvement?   a. Because of their emphasis on changing illogical thinking, cognitive-behavioral psychotherapists have the best rates of recovery.  b. Psychotherapy is generally ineffective unless the individual is also undergoing biomedical therapy.  c. Psychotherapy tends to lower self-efficacy, so regardless of the technique most individuals find some relief of their symptoms.  d. The placebo effect does not explain why people improve with psychotherapy despite the technique.  e. While orientation and experience of the therapist does not seem to matter, the development of a caring and empathic relationship between the client and therapist does.

Accepted Answer

e

Question 50

Social workers are more likely to be   a. experts in research, assessment, and therapy who have earned a Ph.D.  b. physicians who specialize in the treatment of psychological disorders.  c. trained in psychoanalysis, analyzing dreams, resistances, and transference.  d. skilled in active listening techniques and focused on providing a growth-oriented atmosphere.  e. qualified to offer psychotherapy, mostly to people with everyday problems.

Accepted Answer

e

Question 51

In addition to treating severe depression, antidepressant medications have also been found to be effective in treating   a. schizophrenia.  b. specific phobias.  c. obsessive-compulsive disorder.  d. mania.  e. dissociative identity disorder

Accepted Answer

c

Question 52

After many years of use, no one know exactly how __________ works to alleviate symptoms of depression.   a. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)  b. stress inoculation therapy  c. systematic desensitization  d. virtual reality exposure therapy  e. eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)

Accepted Answer

a

Question 53

Of the following, who is most likely an eclectic therapist?   a. Dr. Goldman, who uses free association and interprets resistances and transferences that occur during therapy sessions  b. Dr. Benjamin, who attempts to challenge and change the faulty thinking of his patients  c. Dr. White, who focuses on helping patients change maladaptive behavior by using systematic desensitization or other exposure therapies  d. Dr. Vroman, who encourages patients to evaluate their illogical thinking, uses role-playing to teach new adaptive behaviors, and interprets transference  e. Dr. Curtis, who prescribes medications or electroconvulsive therapy to help alleviate depressive symptoms of depression

Accepted Answer

d

Question 54

What is the main difference between Freudian psychoanalysis and interpersonal psychotherapy?   a. Psychoanalysis is practiced as a short-term therapy, whereas interpersonal psychotherapy may continue for years.  b. Psychoanalysis continues to grow around the world, but the numbers of interpersonal psychotherapists is decreasing.  c. Interpersonal psychotherapy tends to be more expensive than traditional psychoanalysis.  d. Interpersonal psychotherapists are more likely to focus on current relationships than on unraveling past repressed conflicts.  e. Psychoanalysts prefer to talk to patients face to face, whereas interpersonal psychotherapists prefer they not be observed by the patient.

Accepted Answer

d

Question 55

Which of the following terms best describes unconditional positive regard?   a. eclectic  b. latent  c. accepting  d. systematic  e. self-defeating

Accepted Answer

c

Question 56

Which therapist is most closely associated with the development of counterconditioning techniques used to treat various fears?   a. Carl Rogers  b. Sigmund Freud  c. Aaron Beck  d. B. F. Skinner  e. Mary Cover Jones

Accepted Answer

e

Question 57

Therapists who create a token economy are most likely   a. humanists.  b. psychodynamic psychologists.  c. behaviorists.  d. cognitive psychologists.  e. alternative therapists.

Accepted Answer

c

Question 58

Which of the following is a type of group therapy?   a. meta-analysis  b. rebirthing therapy  c. EMDR  d. exposure therapy  e. family therapy

Accepted Answer

e

Question 59

Which of the following is a reason that clients\' perceptions of the effectiveness of therapy should be cautiously evaluated?   a. Even if problems remain, clients try to find something positive to say about their experience.  b. With so many variables, no one can truly determine if a particular therapy is effective.  c. Not enough studies have been conducted based on the claims of participants in therapy.  d. \"Success\" of therapy is not sufficiently operationally defined.  e. There is little scientific evidence to support the claims of former clients.

Accepted Answer

a

Question 60

In a study assessing the effectiveness of light therapy in treating seasonal affective disorder (SAD), researchers assigned participants to a group that received 90 minutes of bright light a day or a group that was exposed to a fake treatment called a \"negative ion generator.\" Those who received the fake treatment were assigned to   a. an experimental group.  b. a placebo group.  c. a single-blind condition.  d. the independent variable.  e. a confounding variable.

Accepted Answer

b

Question 61

Of the following, which is a major difference between clinical psychologists and psychiatrists?   a. Only psychiatrists see individuals with severe psychological disorders; clinical psychologists treat only those with everyday personal problems.  b. Psychiatrists have a Ph.D.; clinical psychologists complete a two-year master\'s degree program.  c. Only psychiatrists are required to be licensed by the state in which they practice.  d. Clinical psychologists work in agencies and institutions; psychiatrists have a private practice.  e. Clinical psychologists have earned a Ph.D.; psychiatrists are physicians who can prescribe medications.

Accepted Answer

e

Question 62

Why are researchers likely to use the double-blind procedure in studies determining the effectiveness of a new drug?   a. This technique allows researchers to determine if the drug is acting like an agonist or antagonist at the synapse.  b. This procedure provides researchers with information that allows them to differentiate between the effects of the mind and body on psychological health.  c. As an anti-rumination strategy, it prevents participants in a research study from resisting the experimental treatment.  d. By keeping participants and researchers unaware of which condition the patient is assigned to researchers can determine if the placebo effect is at work.  e. This is a statistical procedure that combines the conclusions of many different studies giving researchers \"bottom-line\" results.

Accepted Answer

d

Question 63

Psychosurgery is used only as a last resort treatment for psychological disorders because   a. no one knows exactly how such treatments work.  b. the effects of such treatments may take four weeks to appear.  c. these procedures are irreversible.  d. of the severe side effects of tardive dyskinesia.  e. such therapies alleviate positive symptoms, not negative ones.

Accepted Answer

c

Question 64

Preventive mental health proponents attempt to   a. change behavior by using behavior modification techniques.  b. help family members discover the roles they play and learn how to communicate better.  c. identify and alleviate social conditions that lead to psychological illnesses.  d. gain insight into the unconscious origins of disorders.  e. provide a growth-fostering environment of unconditional positive regard.

Accepted Answer

c

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