question

A gel electrophoresis is performed, but when the gel imager is used, no bands appear. The researcher might have forgotten to: (list all that apply): a. add electric current. c. blot with a membrane. e. include an RNA probe. b. add buffer solution. d. include DNA dye.

answer

a. add electric current. b. add buffer solution. d. include DNA dye

question

In order for a sequence to be classified as finished, it must have (select all that apply): ____ a. no more that 1% error in 10,000 nucleotides. ____ b. all transposon insertions included. ____ c. the sequences in the correct order. ____ d. minimal gaps. ____ e. a previously sequenced neighbor.

answer

Comment: a. no more that 1% error in 10,000 nucleotides. c. the sequences in the correct order. d. minimal gaps.

question

Which components are required in plasmids? (select all that apply) a. A selectable marker, usually antibiotic resistance b. A bacterial artificial chromosome c. One or more unique restriction sites where foreign DNA can be added d. An origin of replication to allow it to replicate in E. coli independently of the host chromosome

answer

Comment: a. A selectable marker, usually antibiotic resistance c. One or more unique restriction sites where foreign DNA can be added d. An origin of replication to allow it to replicate in E. coli independently of the host chromosome

question

Which of the following are potential advantages of using transgenic plants for vaccine production? (select all that apply) ____a. low cost ____b. quick generation of vaccines ____c. future potential to generate edible plants to deliver vaccines orally ____d. large scale

answer

a,b,c,d

question

A human gene is composed of numerous fragments of protein-encoding information known as _______. Select one: a. DNA b. mRNA c. exons d. introns

answer

exons

question

A major new breakthrough for gene therapy would be Select one: a. the ability to deliver RNAi gene therapy. b. the ability to add a working copy of a missing gene. c. the ability to insert genes into a specific location in the human genome. d. the ability to insert genes randomly in the human genome.

answer

the ability to insert genes into a specific location in the human genome.

question

A researcher wants to use a molecular technique to find the DNA sequence ATGGGCCAGCT in the genome of mice. He should use the __________ technique, with __________ as a probe. Select one: a. Western blotting; TACCCGGTCGA b. Southern blotting; ATGGGCCAGCT c. Southern blotting; TACCCGGTCGA d. gel electrophoresis; DNA dye e. gel electrophoresis; ATGGGCCAGCT

answer

Southern blotting; TACCCGGTCGA

question

A transgene is best described as Select one: a. hard to destroy once inserted into a genome. b. hard to study because of its transposons. c. created by several of the DNA motifs. d. an inserted foreign gene. e. a result of endosymbiosis.

answer

an inserted foreign gene.

question

After attaching to a bacterial cell, a bacteriophage typically Select one: a. injects protein into the cell. b. extracts protein from the cell. c. injects DNA into the cell. d. extracts DNA from the cell. e. transforms the cell into a virulent strain.

answer

injects DNA into the cell.

question

An enzyme that has been isolated from retroviruses and is used to generate cDNA is Select one: a. transverse ligase. b. reverse transcriptase. c. reverse endonuclease. d. recombinant RNase. e. RNA polymerase.

answer

reverse transcriptase.

question

Bacterial plasmids and artificial chromosomes are used as ______ to insert foreign DNA into host cells and create recombinant genomes. Select one: a. clones b. vectors c. endonucleases d. subunits

answer

vectors

question

Bam HI is a Type II restriction enzyme that recognizes the sequence 5' GGATCC 3', and cuts between the two Gs, leaving a 5' overhang. If you were to digest DNA with Bam HI, what would be the sequence of the overhanging sticky end of the complementary strand? Select one: a. 5' GATCC 3' b. 5' GATC 3' c. 5' CTAG 3' d. 5' G 3'

answer

5' GATC 3'

question

Because the two strands of a DNA molecule are ________ to each other, either one can be used as a template to reconstruct the other. Select one: a. identical b. antiparallel c. bound d. complementary

answer

complementary

question

Chargaff's rules for the pairing of nitrogen bases is Select one: a. A = C and G = T. b. A = T and G = C. c. A = G and C = T. d. A+T = G+C.

answer

. A = T and G = C.

question

Distances on a genetic map are measured in _____ units. Select one: a. centromere b. DNA c. dalton d. centimorgan

answer

centimorgan

question

DNA consists of two antiparallel strands of nucleotides held together by Select one: a. peptide bonds. b. covalent bonds. c. ionic bonds. d. hydrogen bonds

answer

d. hydrogen bonds

question

DNA primase Select one: a. creates a short RNA primer that is complementary to an RNA template. b. creates a short DNA primer that is complementary to an RNA template. c. creates a short DNA primer that is complementary to a DNA template. d. creates a short DNA template that is complementary to an RNA primer. e. creates a short RNA primer that is complementary to a DNA template.

answer

creates a short RNA primer that is complementary to a DNA template.

question

During DNA replication, DNA pol III synthesizes the lagging strand in segments, called Select one: a. replication fragments. b. Chargaff's segments. c. repeating primers. d. replisomes. e. Okazaki fragments

answer

e. Okazaki fragments

question

During DNA replication, each new strand begins with a short Select one: a. amino acid primer. b. lipid primer. c. hydrophilic primer. d. DNA primer. e. RNA primer.

answer

RNA primer.

question

During replication, which enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix? Select one: a. DNA primase b. DNA polymerase I c. DNA helicase d. DNA gyrase e. DNA ligase

answer

DNA helicase

question

Enzymes that cleave DNA at specific sites are called _____________. Select one: a. vectors b. peptidases c. restriction endonucleases d. DNAses

answer

restriction endonucleases

question

Eukaryotic organisms speed up the process of DNA replication by Select one: a. shortening the initiation phase. b. producing several sliding clamp complexes which provide more binding sites for DNA pol III. c. using DNA gyrase to unravel the double helix rather than DNA helicase. d. using multiple origins of replication on each chromosome

answer

using multiple origins of replication on each chromosome

question

Genetic analysis indicates that you have a gene that codes for a defective form of photolyase. This puts you at increased risk for developing Select one: a. skin cancer. b. lung cancer. c. colon cancer. d. heart disease. e. kidney stones.

answer

skin cancer.

question

Groups of related, but distinctly different genes that appear to have arisen from a single ancestral gene are referred to as Select one: a. segmental duplications. b. pseudogenes. c. tandem clusters. d. multigene families. e. expressed sequences.

answer

multigene families.

question

Identical copies of genes that can be transcribed simultaneously are called Select one: a. segmental duplications. b. pseudogenes. c. tandem clusters. d. multigene families. e. expressed sequences.

answer

tandem clusters.

question

If 14% of the nucleotides from a DNA molecule contain the base T, what percent will contain the base G? Select one: a. 14% b. 18% c. 28% d. 36% e. 72%

answer

36%

question

If a short sequence of DNA is 5' AATTGCCGT 3', its complement is Select one: a. 5' AAAACGCCA 3'. b. 3' TTAACGGCT 5'. c. 3' TTAACGGCA 5'. d. 3' TTAAGCCGA 5'. e. 5' TTAACGGCA 3'

answer

3' TTAACGGCA 5'.

question

If we think of the DNA double helix as a twisted ladder, what makes up the rungs or steps of the ladder? Select one: a. phosphate groups only b. alternating phosphate groups and sugars c. sugars only d. purines and pyrimidines e. phosphate groups and bases

answer

purines and pyrimidines

question

Information obtained by Franklin from X-ray crystallography on DNA suggested that it is shaped like a Select one: a. helix. b. ribbon. c. hollow cylinder. d. pleated sheet. e. icosahedron.

answer

helix.

question

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are bacterial relatives living within eukaryotes as a result of Select one: a. synteny. b. exosymbiosis. c. endosymbiosis. d. draft sequencing by the nucleosome. e. contiguous base pairing.

answer

endosymbiosis.

question

Mobile bits of DNA that can jump from one location on a chromosome to another location are called Select one: a. simple sequence repeats. b. transposons. c. exons. d. introns. e. pseudogenes.

answer

transposons.

question

Non-coding DNA regions within a gene are referred to as Select one: a. introns. b. exons. c. templates. d. transposons. e. pseudogenes.

answer

introns.

question

Nucleotides have a phosphate group attached at the ___ carbon atom of the sugar. Select one: a. 2' b. 3' c. 5' d. 1'

answer

5'

question

Organisms containing DNA from an outside source are called Select one: a. transcribed organisms. b. compound organisms. c. hybrid organisms. d. plasmid organisms. e. transgenic organisms.

answer

e. transgenic organisms.

question

Recombination frequency between genes can be used to generate a Select one: a. genetic map. b. physical map. c. restriction map. d. haplotype map.

answer

genetic map.

question

Scientists can distinguish between DNA of different individuals, thus making this information useful in criminal investigations. The technique used is called Select one: a. restriction fragment length polymorphisms. b. societal polymorphisms. c. hybridization polymorphisms. d. Southern Blot. e. molecular hybridization.

answer

restriction fragment length polymorphisms.

question

Silent copies of genes that have been inactivated by mutations are called Select one: a. pseudogenes. b. clones. c. exons. d. introns.

answer

pseudogenes.

question

Single-stranded ends generated by the same restriction enzyme are complementary to each other. They can be joined together, Select one: a. even when the source of the DNA is different. b. only when the source of the DNA is the same. c. but the "sticky ends" will most likely have to be modified. d. but the hybridization of the two ends may cause a problem with cloning. e. only if the subunits have been methylated.

answer

even when the source of the DNA is different.

question

Small circular, extrachromosomal DNA segments are known as _______. Select one: a. vectors b. plasmids c. clones d. RNAThe chemical bond connecting one nucleotide

answer

plasmids

question

Some of the useful applications of genetic engineering include all of the following except Select one: a. bacteria that can digest oil in an oil spill. b. growing glyphosate-resistant cotton. c. development of hybrid corn to increase yield. d. creation of Golden Rice. e. salmon expressing a transgenic growth hormone gene

answer

development of hybrid corn to increase yield.

question

The chemical bond connecting one nucleotide with the next along one strand of a DNA molecule is called a Select one: a. glycosidic bond. b. hydrogen bond. c. phosphate bond. d. phosphodiester bond. e. peptide bond.

answer

. phosphodiester bond.

question

The ends of chromosomes are called ________. Select one: a. telomeres b. centromeres c. caps d. DNA termini

answer

telomeres

question

The inclusive term that describes all of the DNA in the nucleus of a cell is its Select one: a. genome. b. chromosome. c. gene. d. proteome.

answer

genome

question

The lagging strand is replicated with a series of Okazaki fragments and that is why its synthesis is considered to be Select one: a. discontinuous. b. continuous. c. bidirectional. d. antiparallel. e. semiconservative.

answer

discontinuous.

question

The method of DNA replication, where each original strand is used as a template to build a new strand, is called the Select one: a. conservative method. b. semiconservative method. c. disruptive method. d. continuous method. e. replication and amplification method.

answer

semiconservative method.

question

The relative location of genes on a chromosome as determined by recombination frequencies is illustrated in a _______ map. Select one: a. DNA b. genetic c. chromosomal d. physical

answer

genetic

question

The sequencing method that cuts the DNA of an entire chromosome into small fragments and then clones these fragments is called Select one: a. shotgun sequencing. b. clone-by-clone sequencing. c. RFLP sequencing. d. consensus sequencing.

answer

shotgun sequencing.

question

The site where the two original DNA strands separate and active replication occurs is called the Select one: a. replication folk. b. replisome. c. primosome. d. lagging strand. e. sliding clamp subunit.

answer

. replication folk.

question

The synthesis of a growing strand of DNA is carried out by adding nucleotides to the ___ end of an existing strand. Select one: a. 2' b. 3' c. 5' d. 1'

answer

3'

question

To avoid confusion and facilitate ease of data interpretation, researchers working on cloned DNA from the same species use Select one: a. restriction fragment length polymorphisms. b. shotgun sequencing. c. sequenced-tagged sites. d. clone by clone sequencing. e. consensus sequencing.

answer

sequenced-tagged sites.

question

Two strands of DNA that have been cut by an endonuclease can be sealed together by a(n) Select one: a. polymerase enzyme. b. ligase enzyme. c. exonuclease enzyme. d. protease enzyme. e. methylase enzyme.

answer

b. ligase enzyme.

question

Viruses that attack bacteria are called Select one: a. phages b. proviruses c. virulent d. lytic

answer

phages

question

Watson and Crick developed a model of DNA in which the two strands twist into the shape of a ________________. Select one: a. circle b. helix c. double helix d. double pleated sheet

answer

double helix

question

What is the correct sequence for DNA replication in E. coli? Select one: a. initiation, termination, elongation b. initiation, elongation, termination c. elongation, termination, initiation d. elongation, initiation, termination

answer

initiation, elongation, termination

question

When a mixture of live nonvirulent bacteria and dead virulent bacteria was injected into mice, Griffith unexpectedly found that the injected mice died. He explained this result by suggesting that the nonvirulent bacteria are being Select one: a. activated. b. transformed. c. translated. d. transcribed. e. expressed.

answer

. transformed.

question

When comparing the genomes of prokaryotes verse eukaryotes, it can be accurately stated that Select one: a. eukaryotic genomes are larger than prokaryotic genomes. b. eukaryotic genomes are smaller than prokaryotic genomes. c. the size of the organism determines the size of the genome. d. larger and more complex organisms have more genes than smaller, less complex organisms.

answer

eukaryotic genomes are larger than prokaryotic genomes.

question

Which enzyme adds new nucleotides to the end of a growing strand? Select one: a. ligase b. polymerase c. gyrase d. helicase e. endonuclease

answer

polymerase

question

Which is not a component of nucleic acids? Select one: a. organic nitrogenous base b. pentose sugar c. phosphate d. sulfur

answer

sulfur

question

Which of the following types of information would be most useful in an effort to move a DNA fragment from one plasmid vector to another, using molecular cloning techniques? Select one: a. restriction fragment length polymorphism data b. sequence of PCR primers c. Southern blot data d. restriction maps of the plasmids

answer

d. restriction maps of the plasmids

question

Which statement about the Hershey-Chase experiment is false? Select one: a. DNA was labeled with radioactive phosphorus. b. Protein was labeled with radioactive sulfur. c. The virus-infected bacteria contained radioactive phosphorus. d. The virus-infected bacteria contained radioactive sulfur

answer

The virus-infected bacteria contained radioactive sulfur

question

You are asked to give a classroom demonstration of DNA supercoiling. To do so, you take two different colored pieces of rubber tubing, twist them very tightly and excessively around each other and join the ends of the tubing appropriately. Next, you relieve the supercoiling by breaking one strand and unwinding it. In this demonstration, the breaking and unwinding to relieve the supercoiling simulates the action of Select one: a. exonucleases. b. polymerases. c. ligases. d. topoisomerases. e. primases.

answer

topoisomerases

question

You are hired as a scientific consultant for a popular television show about forensic analysis of crime scene evidence. You are told that in an upcoming scene, investigators will compare the DNA profiles of a known suspect and an unknown biological sample collected from the victim. You are asked to write up a brief explanation of the primary technique required for discussion in the scene. Which technique should you write about? Select one: a. DNA fingerprinting b. DNA footprinting c. Northern blot d. RNAi

answer

DNA fingerprinting

question

You have discovered a very small amount of DNA from an ancient organism that you want to save and study. Assuming the genetic code is the same as in modern DNA, what is the best way to manipulate the DNA so you can study it in the lab? Select one: a. Southern blotting b. Gel electrophoresis c. PCR amplify the DNA d. Insert the DNA into a vector

answer

PCR amplify the DNA

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