Anatomy and Physiology Ch.3 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Which of the following is the main component of the cell membrane?
answer
Phospholipids
question
Which of the following is a characteristic of the cell
answer
Semipermeable
question
What part of a cell membrane is usually in contact with the interstitial fluid?
answer
Phosphate heads of phospholipids
question
Which of the following acts as the digestive system of the cell, breaking down materials?
answer
Lysosome
question
The plasma membrane separates the ____ from the _____
answer
Interstitial fluid; cytoplasm
question
The backbone of the plasma membrane is a ____bilayer
answer
Phospholipid
question
Regulates exchange with the exterior, has a phospholipid backbone, is its outermost boundary
answer
Plasma membrane of a cell
question
Which of the following organelles has the function of storage, alteration, and packaging of secretory products and lysosomal enzymes?
answer
Golgi apparatus
question
Which of the following organelles is NOT surrounded by a membrane?
answer
Ribosome
question
Produces rRNA and assembles ribosome subunits
answer
Nucleolus
question
Actin is the subunit of
answer
Microfilaments
question
During cell division, ___ move the chromosomes
answer
Microtubules
question
Most of the ATP that cells require is produced in the ____
answer
Mitochondria
question
Chromosomes consist of histones bound to
answer
DNA
question
Made of DNA and histones found in the nucleus, stores of genetic information
answer
Chromosomes
question
is transcribed into RNA
answer
DNA
question
The set of three nucleotides on the mRNA strand that are read by the ribosome is termed the ____
answer
codon
question
_____functions as the template during translation
answer
Messenger RNA
question
Which enzyme transcribes DNA?
answer
RNA polymerase
question
Transcription directly results in the formation of ____
answer
Messenger RNA
question
A _____ is one in which molecules move through transport proteins that have been activated by ATP
answer
Active transport process
question
Some transport processes use transport proteins in the plasma membrane but do not require ATP, this type of transport is known as
answer
Facilitated diffusion
question
The majority of water molecules moving across plasma membranes by osmosis do so via a process that is most similar to
answer
Facilitated diffusion
question
A vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the extracellular fluid. This statement describes
answer
Exocytosis
question
Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
answer
Diffusion
question
Which of the following solutions contains the most solute?
answer
Hypertonic
question
What is the fluid the surrounds the cells called?
answer
Interstitial fluid
question
Which of the following is the major extracellular cation?
answer
Sodium
question
What is the other major intracellular anion?
answer
Proteins
question
Water crosses the plasma membrane primarily by means of ____
answer
Transmembrane channels
question
During osmosis, ____move across the membrane
answer
Solvent
question
Passive movement of a solute by a carrier protein is called
answer
Facilitated diffusion
question
What is the energy source used by the calcium pump during its normal operation?
answer
The hydrolysis for ATP
question
Which of these vesicular transport methods expels material from the cell?
answer
Exocytosis
question
The cell's transmembrane resting potential was created by ____
answer
Active transport
question
Which of the following builds new strands of DNA?
answer
DNA polymerase
question
Which protein joins together the Okazaki fragments of DNA in the lagging strand?
answer
DNA ligase
question
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA duplication, or replication, take place?
answer
Interphase
question
When a double helix of DNA is replicated, two completed helices are formed. Together these helices are called sister ____
answer
Chromatids
question
During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids line up at the center of the cell?
answer
Metaphase
question
During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids move apart?
answer
Anaphase
question
During which phase of mitosis do nuclear envelopes and the nucleoli reappear?
answer
Telophase
question
During which phase of mitosis do the nuclear envelope and nucleoli disappear?
answer
Prophase
question
What is the name of the process by which the cytoplasm divides in two?
answer
Cytokinesis
question
Which of the following lists, in correct order? the phases of interphase?
answer
G1, S, and G2
question
Which of following lists, in correct order, the phases of mitosis?
answer
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
question
During which of the following phases does DNA replication occur?
answer
Synthesis
question
During which of the following phases does chromatin condense and become chromosomes?
answer
Prophase
question
Which enzyme works simultaneously along both DNA strands to synthesize complementary strands of DNA?
answer
DNA polymerase
question
Which phase of mitosis has chromosomes lining up in the center of the cell?
answer
Metaphase
question
The stage of a cell's life cycle in which the cell performs its normal functions is called _____
answer
Interphase
question
In mitosis, daughter chromosomes separate from chromatids during ____
answer
Anaphase
question
The chromosomal structure that limits the number of cell divisions of a cell is the ____
answer
Telomere
question
Unlike normal cells, cancer cells are never
answer
Benign
question
Differentiation requires ____ of particular genes to produce populations with ____ capabilities that form tissues
answer
inactivation; limited
