Science of Nutrition Chapter 4 Quiz – Flashcards
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Which of the following organs is NOT known to synthesize glycogen in any appreciable amounts?
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Pancreas
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Which of the following artificial sweeteners has a composition similar to aspartame?
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Neotame
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Food manufacturers prefer to use high-fructose corn syrup instead of sugar because sugar
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is more expensive
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Which of the following is NOT a common dietary source of carbohydrate?
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Glycogen
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What is the meaning of a resistant starch?
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A fiber that escapes digestion in the small intestine
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Honey contains
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more kcalories per teaspoon than sucrose.
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The enzymes that digest dietary sugars are produced by the
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small intestine
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What is the sweetest-tasting simple carbohydrate in the diet?
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Fructose
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Enzymatic digestion of starches takes place in the small intestine and also in the
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mouth
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Which of the following is a feature of kefir?
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Provides GI tract benefits similar to yogurt
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Which of the following contains the least amount of fiber?
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White rice
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After you and your friend Dolores share pretzels and animal crackers, she announces that she wants to start digesting her food by watching television. You inform Dolores that
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carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth through the action of amylase, so she has already begun digesting the snacks
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What is the first organ to respond to an increase in blood glucose concentration?
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Pancreas
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Which of the following is a feature of kefir?
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It contains live bacterial organisms
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Which of the following is NOT a rich source of dietary starch?
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Fruits
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A person eating lots of white bread, white rice, and ready-to-eat cereals would have a diet with a glycemic index that is
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high
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What is the composition of maltose?
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Two glucose units
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Which of the following is best known to result from regular ingestion of sugar?
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Dental caries
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What is the primary function of insulin?
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Lowers blood glucose levels
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Why might it be unnecessary for most people to use the glycemic index to monitor carbohydrate intake?
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Current dietary guidelines already include many choices that are low- and moderate-glycemic index foods
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What is the primary absorption site for digestible carbohydrates?
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Small intestine
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Which of the following is known as blood sugar or dextrose?
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Glucose
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Gluconeogenesis is a term that describes the synthesis of
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glucose from a noncarbohydrate substance
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What component accounts for the usually sweet taste of fruits?
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Simple sugars
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Which of the following is a characteristic of carbohydrates information on food labels?
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The 'Total Carbohydrate' amount includes starch, sugars, and fiber
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Which of the following is a prominent association between fiber intake and cancer?
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Soluble fiber intake leads to activation of cancer-killing enzymes
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Which of the following is a feature of diabetes?
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Dietary management should focus on total carbohydrate intake rather than the type of carbohydrate consumed
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Allen is 20 years old and asks for help in selecting a fiber-rich diet. After he ranks the kinds of foods he likes to eat, you provide him with a list of food items consisting of
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1 cup baked beans, 1 medium apple, 1 banana, 1 1/2 cups oatmeal, 1 ounce 100% bran cereal, and 1/2 cup chopped raw carrots
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What is the primary storage form of carbohydrate in the body?
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Glycogen
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In the time between meals, what organ releases glucose to help maintain normal blood glucose levels?
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Liver
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All of the following are features of honey EXCEPT
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it is the preferred sweetener in infant foods
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In a person with type 2 diabetes, which of the following foods would ordinarily promote the least favorable glycemic effect?
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Baked potato
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What is the composition of sucrose?
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One glucose and one fructose unit
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Which of the following describes the compound phytic acid?
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Nonnutrient component of plant seeds
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Which of the following is a feature of the condition hypoglycemia?
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It occurs rarely in otherwise healthy people
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What type of nutrient is starch?
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Complex carbohydrate
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Approximately how many pounds of total sugars are consumed by the average U.S. resident each year?
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95
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Which of the following is a characteristic of yogurt?
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Bacteria in yogurt produce lactase
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What is the name of the short chains of glucose units that result from starch breakdown?
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Dextrins
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Which of the following is known to correlate most strongly with reduced risk of deaths from heart disease when consumed in high amounts?
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Fiber
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the sugar replacers (sugar alcohols)?
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They have a low glycemic index
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Which of the following is a known indicator of prediabetes?
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Insulin resistance
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In which of the following are ample amounts of carbohydrates almost always found?
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Plant foods
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Why are hard cheeses lower in lactose than soft cheeses?
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More lactose is removed during manufacturing
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What term describes how quickly glucose is absorbed from a food after ingestion, how high blood glucose rises as a result, and how quickly blood glucose returns to normal?
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Glycemic response
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What is the principle carbohydrate of milk?
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Lactose
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Which of the following is NOT a source of dietary carbohydrates?
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Fish
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What are cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, and lignin?
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Fibers
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Which of the following is a typical response of the body to changes in blood glucose?
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Blood glucose levels that fall too low signal the release of glucagon
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Which of the following fibers is water insoluble?
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Cellulose
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Which of the following is a feature of diabetes?
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Many people with type 2 diabetes are obese
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In general, modifying a diet that by substituting complex carbohydrates for pure sugars results in a diet that is higher in
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fiber
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When blood glucose concentration falls, what pancreatic hormone is secreted to stimulate release of stored glucose?
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Glucagon
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Which of the following plays a major role in the breakdown of certain types of dietary fiber in the large intestine?
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Bacteria
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Which of the following is a common source of resistant starch?
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Just-ripened bananas
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What is the predominant grain product in much of South and Central America?
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Corn
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Which of the following is a feature of the pectins?
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They are used to thicken jelly
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Which of the following are characteristic of the conditions diabetes and hypoglycemia?
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Both benefit from the inclusion of fiber-rich foods and consumption of smaller, more frequent meals
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What is the first organ to receive carbohydrates absorbed from the intestine?
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Liver
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What is stevia?
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An herb-derived sweetener
