BYU Health: Lesson 5: Disease Prevention – Flashcards
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Self Check 5.1
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Disease Prevention Strategies
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Which of the following lists all non-communicable diseases?
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Arthritis, Alzheimer's, heart disease
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Wounds, coughing, sneezing, vomiting describe what part of the chain of infection?
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Means of an exit (how pathogens can leave body of host)
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Which disease CANNOT be vaccinated against?
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Heart disease
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What is the BEST thing people can do to reduce the spread of infection?
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Wash hands frequently throughout the day
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What is a disease that is transmitted by an infectious agent such as a virus or bacteria?
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Communicable
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Self Check 5.2
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Infectious Diseases
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What bacteria can be sent in a powdery form to aid in bioterrorism?
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Anthrax
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Which form of hepatitis is transmitted by the fecal-oral route or not washing hands after using the bathroom?
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Hepatitis A (All other forms are transmitted by contaminated blood.)
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Which infection attacks the T-cells impairing the immune response?
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HIV
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What infection is transmitted by mosquitoes and can possibly lead to death?
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West Nile Virus
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Which infection is actually caused by a prion that punches holes in the brain resulting in a loss of movement and sensation?
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BSE (BSE, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, or Mad Cow Disease is caused by the protein known as a prion which literally punches holes in the brain resulting in a loss of function.)
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Self Check 5.3
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Chronic Illnesses
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What is the name of a cancerous tumor that spreads beyond its borders?
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Malignant (into other nearby tissues and then carried by the blood and the lymph to other organs.)
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Which of the following types of cancer is NOT described correctly?
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leukemia—cancer of the sense organs like eyes and ears. (Leukemia is a cancer of the blood and blood-forming tissue.)
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Which disorder is associated with the inability to breathe because the air passages narrow and fill with mucous?
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Asthma
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Self Check 5.4
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The Impact of Chronic Illnesses on Ones Well-Being
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Think of some ways you can help someone with a chronic illness.
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Personal answer: awareness, acts of service, attitude etc.
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List three challenges that can accompany living with a chronic illness.
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Answers may include the following: expensive medication and equipment; emotional challenges dealing with the idea of death or physical impairment; physical limitations that affect work and hobbies
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Self Check 5.5
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Health Care Careers Associated with Disease Prevention and Treatment
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Which health care worker would be responsible for helping someone learn how to walk again after they have suffered a stroke?
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Physical therapist (Physical therapists are responsible to help patients maintain and learn as much movement as they can after disease or trauma limits their mobility.)
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Which health care worker would be responsible for designing a diet for someone who had a heart attack and also suffers from atherosclerosis and hypertension?
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Dietitian (The dietitian will help the person create a low fat, low salt diet to reduce the amount of the fat in the blood and lower the blood pressure.)
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Which health care worker would be responsible for getting a sample of blood from a patient that could be used to test sugar levels for diabetes?
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Phlebotomist (The phlebotomist will draw the blood. In medical terminology, the word phlebo refers to the vein and -otomy refers to making a small incision or a hole. The suffix -ist refers to a person who functions as a specialist.)
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Lesson 5 Speedback Assignment
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Disease Prevention
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How is brain tissue destroyed by a stroke?
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A blocked artery deprives part of the brain of oxygen.
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What is the most prominent and preventable risk factor contributing to lung cancer?
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Smoking
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The lack of which of the following hormones from the pancreas prevents the body from regulating its own blood sugar?
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Insulin
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Which of the following best increases the chance of surviving nearly any type of cancer?
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Early detection
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While visiting your grandmother, you notice she loses her balance easily, has slurred speech, and is confused. Why should you get professional help from her health care provider?
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She may be having a stroke and needs immediate care.
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Which birth defects occurs when the roof of the mouth does not fuse together?
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Cleft Palate
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Which of the following is not a disorder related to hypertension?
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Diabetes mellitus
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What is the single, most effective means of breaking the chain of infection?
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Washing hands frequently throughout the day
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Which of the following best describes symptoms of BSE (Mad Cow Disease)?
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Loss of the ability to sense, move, and think
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Which of the following is an example of a communicable disease?
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Common cold
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What is the disease that involves changes in the nerves and chemicals of the brain leading to memory loss, personality changes, and complete dependency?
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Alzheimer's
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Which of the following diseases is best described by chronic pain and swelling in the joints?
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Arthritis
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What is metastasis?
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Cancer cells leaving a tumor and invading other parts of the body
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Which of the following bacterial STDs is the most common in the United States causing the formation of a painless lesion which may result in scarring of the pelvic organs and sterility?
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TBD Please see lesson 5, objective 2.
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What is the cause of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy?
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Prion
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There have been documented cases of HIV being passed through all these ways except which of the following?
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Excessive sweating
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How does HIV affect the body?
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It infects certain white blood cells, destroying the immune system and making the body susceptible to infection.
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Which STD begins as chancres or open lesions on the reproductive organs and can invade the nerous system causing difficulty speaking, headaches, blurred or diminishing vision, seisures, problems with memory and thinking, and depression?
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Syphilis
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Which of the following is not a form of anthrax infection?
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Circulatory (blood)
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What is the general name for all infections that cause diarrhea to occur?
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Dysentery
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Which of the following is NOT a leading cause of death in the United States today?
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Pneumonia
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A fifty-two-year-old woman feels a squeezing, crushing pain in her chest. The pain also extends to her left arm, neck, and shoulder. She is short of breath. What is she suffering from?
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A heart attack
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What is a typical reason that a two-year-old should see a health care provider?
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To receive an immunization
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Which health care professional would be responsible for providing an ultrasound to a pregnant woman to visualize the fetus and its development?
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Radiologic technician
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Which of the following is NOT a warning sign of skin cancer?
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Crushing chest pain
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When the body doesn't produce insulin, what is the effect?
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TBD Please see lesson 5, objective 3.
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What can people do to reduce their risk of developing skin cancer?
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Wear sunscreen or protective clothing when outside
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What is the most common way hepatitis A is transmitted?
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Fecal-oral route
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What is the most fatal form of skin cancer associated with moles?
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Malignant melanoma
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Which of the following could cause a non-communicable disease?
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Smoking
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How is hepatitis B typically transmitted?
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Contaminated blood or sexual contact
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Which fat leads to atherosclerosis and can contribute to one's risk of a heart attack or stroke?
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Cholesterol
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An injection of which of the following can help to the body improve one's own immunity and life-long resistance to specific types of infectious diseases?
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Vaccinations
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What disease is caused by a bacteria and can be sent in a powdery form for bioterrorism and leads to difficulty breathing and even death?
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Anthrax
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Which type of diabetes generally occurs in young adults and children and always requires insulin as part of the treatment plan?
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Type 1
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Which of the following is NOT a reason it is difficult to cope with a chronic illness?
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Knowledge that the person will get better with the appropriate medications
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Which STD can cause blindness in a newborn baby if it infects the baby's eyes during the birth process while producing a greenish yellowish drainage from the reproductive organs of the infected adults?
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Gonorrhea
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Which of the following behaviors will not help reduce your risk of cardiovascular disease?
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Using sunscreen
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Which organ is affected by hepatitis?
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Liver
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What can people do to reduce their risk of developing type 2, or adult-onset, diabetes?
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Eat a healthy diet and maintain a proper body weight
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Which condition best describes atherosclerosis?
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Fatty plaque and cholesterol buildup inside arteries
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What is key to improve cancer's survival rates?
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Programs that stress early detection and intervention
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What is hypertension?
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High blood pressure
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Which of the following might best describe how people with asthma feel during an asthma attack?
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They are trying to breathe through what feels like a small straw
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What is the only sure way to avoid contracting a sexually transmitted disease?
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Practice sexual abstinence
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What infection is transmitted by mosquitoes and is relatively new to the United States and can cause flu-like symptoms that can result in encephalitis?
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West nile virus
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When does the HIV positive stage move into full-blown AIDS?
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When the T-cell count falls below 200 cells per cubic millimeter
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Which of the following best describes symptoms of diabetes mellitus?
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Excessive urination, thirst, and hunger
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Which of the following is a myth about HIV and AIDS?
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Only homosexual men get AIDS.
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The loss of which hormone contributes to osteoporosis?
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Estrogen
