Med Term Chp. 19-22 – Flashcards
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Aging
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The process of human maturation and decline.
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Aged
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Having lived to an advanced age.
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Alzheimer Disease
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Common form of dementia.
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Dementia
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Chronic, progressive, irreversible loss of the mind's cognitive and intellectual functions.
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Geriatrics
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Medical specialty that deals with the problems of old age.
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Geriatrician
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Medical specialist in geriatrics
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Gerontology
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Study of the process and problems of aging.
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Life Expectancy
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Statistical determination of the number of years an individual is expected to live.
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Life Span
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The age that a person reaches.
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Longevity
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Duration of life beyond the normal expectation.
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Senile
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Characteristic of old age.
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Senescence
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The state of being old
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Senility
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Mental disorders occurring in old age
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Senile Lentigines
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Flat brown-black spots that appear on the back of the hands and areas exposed to sunlight.
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Atrophy
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Wasting or diminished volume of a tissue or organ
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Autopsy Postmortem
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Examination of the body and organs of a dead person to determine the cause of death.
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Pathologist
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A specialist in pathology (study of disease or characteristics of a particular disease)
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Sarcopenia
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Progressive loss of muscle mass and strength in aging.
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antioxidant
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Substance that can prevent cell damage by neutralizing free radicals.
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Delirium
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Acute altered state of consciousness with agitation and disorientation.
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Free Radical
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Short-lived product of oxidation in a cell that can damage the cell.
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Heredity
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Transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring through genes.
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polypharmacy
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The administration of many drugs at the same time.
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senescence
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The state of being old
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Cognition
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Process of acquiring knowledge through thinking and learning
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cognitive
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Pertaining to the mental activities of thinking and learning
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dementia
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Chronic, progressive, and irreversible loss of the mind's cognitive and intellectual functions
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hallucination
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Perception of an object or event when there is no such thing present
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iatrogenic
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An unfavorable response to medical or surgical treatment, caused by the treatment itself
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Lewy Body
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Abnormal cells seen in a form of dementia.
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Medical (durable) power of attorney
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Process in which you appoint someone you know and trust as your agent and authorize that person to make medical decisions for you when you cannot.
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Living Will
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Process in which you provide a set of instructions detailing what treatment you do and do not want in a terminal illness, including hospice treatment.
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Persistent Vegetable State
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Occurs in people who suffer enough brain damage that they are unaware of themselves or their surroundings, even though their eyes are open.
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Minimally Conscious State
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A condition of severely altered consciousness in which minimal evidence of awareness of self or surroundings is demonstrated.
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Advance Medical Directive
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Legal document signed by the patient dealing with issues of prolonging or ending life in the event of life-threatening illness.
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Antioxidant
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Substance that can prevent cell damage by neutralizing free radicals
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Death
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Total and permanent cessation of all vital functions.
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Hospice
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Facility or program that provides care to the dying and their families.
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Palliative Care
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Care that relieves symptoms and pain without curing.
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Vegetative
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Functioning unconsciously as plant life is assumed to do.
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Genetic
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All cancer is ______.
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Benign
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Denoting the nonmalignant character of a neoplasm or illness.
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Cancer
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General term for a malignant neoplasm.
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Infiltrate
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To penetrate and invade a tissue or cell.
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Infiltration
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The invasion into a tissue or cell.
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Malignant
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Capable of invading surrounding tissues and metastasizing to distant organs.
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Malignancy
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Tumor that invades surrounding tissues and metastasizes to distant organs
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Metastasis
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Spread of disease from one part of the body to another
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Neoplasm
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A new growth, either a benign or malignant tumor.
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Neoplasia
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Process that results in formation of a tumor.
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Oncology
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The science dealing with cancer
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Proliferate
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To increase in number through reproduction.
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Tumor
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Any abnormal swelling.
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Adenocarcinoma
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A cancer arising from glandular epithelial cells.
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Asbestosis
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Lung disease caused by the inhalation of asbestos particles.
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Carcinoma
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A malignant and invasive epithelial tumor.
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carcinoma in situ
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Carcinoma that has not invaded surrounding tissues.
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chondrosarcoma
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Cancer arising from cartilage cells.
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mesothelioma
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Cancer arising from the cells lining the pleura or peritoneum
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osteosarcoma
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Cancer arising in bone-forming cells.
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rhabdomyosarcoma
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Cancer derived from skeletal muscle
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sarcoma
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A malignant tumor originating in connective tissue.
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Growth Factor
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Most normal cells cannot divide unless a ______ binds to a receptor on the cell's surface.
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apoptosis
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Programmed normal cell death.
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carcinogen
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Cancer-producing agent.
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carcinogenic
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Causing cancer.
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carcinogenesis
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Origin and development of cancer.
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mutagen
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Agent that produces a mutation in a gene.
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oncogene
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One of a family of genes involved in cell growth that work in concert to cause cancer
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oncogenic
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Capable of producing a neoplasm
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protooncogene
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A normal gene involved in normal cell growth
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chlorine
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A toxic agent used as a disinfectant and bleaching agent
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dioxin
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Carcinogenic contaminant in pesticides
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environment
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All the external conditions affecting the life of an organism
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flavonoid
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A pigment found in fruit, wine, and tea
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particle
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A small piece of matter.
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particulate
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Relating to a fine particle.
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pesticide
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Agent for destroying flies, mosquitoes, and other pests.
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pollution
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Condition that is unclean, impure, and a danger to health
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uranium
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Radioactive metallic element
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digital
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Pertaining to a finger or toe
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lavage
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Washing out of a hollow cavity, tube, or organ
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mammogram
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The record produced by x-ray imaging of the breast.
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mammography
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Process of x-ray examination of the breast.
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progenitor
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Founder; beginning of an ancestry
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radioactive
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Spontaneously emitting alpha, beta, or gamma rays.
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self-examination
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The examination of part of one's own body.
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biomarker
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A biological marker or product by which a cell can be identified.
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bronchoalveolar
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Pertaining to the bronchi and alveoli.
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fluoroscopy
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Examination of the structures of the body by x-rays
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grade
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In cancer pathology, a classification of the rate of growth of cancer cells
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mediastinoscopy
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Examination of the mediastinum using an endoscope
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pathology
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Medical specialty dealing with the structural and functional changes of a disease process
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pathologist
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A specialist in pathology
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periphery
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Outer part of a structure away from the center
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radionuclide
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Radioactive agent used in diagnostic imaging
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scintigraphy
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Recording of radioactivity with a special camera
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stage
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Definition of extent and dissemination of a malignant neoplasm.
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staging
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Process of determination of the extent of the distribution of a neoplasm
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thoracoscopy
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Examination of the pleural cavity with an endoscope
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virulent
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Extremely toxic or pathogenic
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brachytherapy
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Radiation therapy in which the source of irradiation is implanted in the tissue to be treated
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chemotherapy
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Treatment using chemical agents
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hyperfractionated
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Given in smaller amounts and more frequently
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lobectomy
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Surgical removal of a lobe of the lungs
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photodynamic
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Use of a light-sensitive drug with a laser beam to destroy cells
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pneumonectomy
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Surgical removal of a whole lung
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radiation
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Treatment with x-rays
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radiotherapy
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Treatment using radiation
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regimen
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Program of treatment
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segmentectomy
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Surgical excision of a segment of a tissue or organ
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Biologic Response Modifiers
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alter the immune system's response to cancer cells and include interferons, interleukins, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, and gene therapy.
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monoclonal antibodies
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antibodies produced by a single type of cell and are specific for a single antigen.
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angiogenesis
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New formation of blood vessels
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antiangiogenesis
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The prevention of growth of new blood vessels
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biology
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Science concerned with life and living organisms
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clone
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A colony of organisms or cells all having identical genetic constitutions
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cytotoxic
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Destructive to cells
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microarray
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Technique for studying one gene in one experiment
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monoclonal
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Derived from a protein from a single clone of cells, all molecules of which are the same
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craniocaudal
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A view of a structure from head to foot
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electromagnetic
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Pertaining to energy propagated through matter and space
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ion
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An atom or group of atoms having gained or lost one or more electrons
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ionization
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The process of causing an atom or group of atoms to gain or lose one or more electrons
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ionize
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To cause the process of ionization
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mediolateral oblique
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An angled side view of a structure
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radiograph
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Image made by exposure to x-rays
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radiographer
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Technologist who performs x-ray procedures
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radiographic
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Pertaining to x-rays
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radiology
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The study of medical imaging
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radiologist
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Specialist in radiology
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radiolucent
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Penetrable by x-rays or other forms of radiation.
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radiopaque
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Impenetrable to x-rays or other forms of radiation
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radiopharmaceutical
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Relating to a product produced by the drug industry that is radioactive
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radiotherapist
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Specialist in the use of radiation in the treatment of patients
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angiography
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Radiography of blood vessels after injection of contrast material.
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angiogram
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The radiograph obtained by angiography
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angioplasty
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Recanalization of a blood vessel by surgery
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anteroposterior
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The direction the x-ray beam passes through the patient from front to back
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oblique
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slanting
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opaque
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Impervious to light
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posteroanterior
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The direction the x-ray beam passes through the patient from back to front
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radiocontrast
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Agents that make structures stand out in x-ray imaging
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algorithm
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A process of steps to solve a problem, each depending on the outcome of the previous one
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axis
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A line of central support
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claustrophobia
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Pathologic fear of being trapped in a confined space
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coronal
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Vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions
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fibroglandular
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A mixture of fibrous and glandular tissue
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interventional
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Pertaining to an overt act to change an event or outcome
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sagittal
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Pertaining to the vertical plane dividing the body into right and left portions
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teleradiology
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The interpretation of digitized diagnostic images transmitted from a distance
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tomogram
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Radiographic image of a selected section or slice of tissue
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tomography
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Process of taking a tomogram
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ultrasound
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Very high frequency sound waves
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ultrasonography
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Delineation of dynamic structures using sound waves
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photon
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A particle of light or other electromagnetic radiation
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positron
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A subatomic particle equal in mass to an electron but with the opposite (positive) charge
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tracer
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Radioactive agent used to trace metabolic processes
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hypofactionation
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Larger measures of a dose of radiation given less frequently
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monocional
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Pertaining to protein from a single clone of cells
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proton
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The positively charged unit of the nuclear mass
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radioimmunotherapy
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The combination of radiotherapy and the use of antibodies.
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stereotactic
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Pertaining to a precise three-dimensional method to locate a lesion or a tumor.
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analgesic
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Substance that produces a reduction in the sensation of pain
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antihistamine
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Drug used to treat allergic symptoms because of its action antagonistic to histamine
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histamine
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Compound liberated in tissues as a result of injury or an allergic response
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drug
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A therapeutic agent or an addictive substance
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formulary
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An official list of drugs approved for use by a hospital or group of physicians
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generic
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A non-proprietary name for a drug
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medication
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A substance having curative properties
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pharmacist
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Person licensed by the state to prepare and dispense drugs
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pharmacy
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Facility licensed to prepare and dispense drugs
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pharmacology
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Science of the preparation, uses, and effects of drugs
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pharmacologist
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A medical specialist in pharmacology
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prescribe
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To give directions in writing for the preparation and administration of a remedy
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prescription
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A written direction for the preparation and administration of a remedy
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anabolic steroid
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Prescription drug abused by some athletes to increase muscle mass
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antitussive
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A cough remedy
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control
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To regulate, correct
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generic
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A non-proprietary name for a drug
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narcotic
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Drug derived from opium, or a Synthetic drug with similar effects
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side effect
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An undesirable result of drug or other therapy
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stimulant
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Agent that excites or strengthens functional activity
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antiemetic
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A medication that helps to control nausea and vomiting
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bioavailability
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The amount of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is available to reach the intended site of action.
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buccal
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Inside the cheek—a site for the administration of certain medications.
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enema
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An injection of fluid into the rectum.
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enteral
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Administration of medications by way of the GI tract.
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formulation
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The form in which a drug is presented—tablet, capsule, liquid, etc.
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oral
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pertaining to the mouth
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parenteral
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Administering medication by any means other than the GI tract.
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pessary
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Appliance inserted into the vagina
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pharmacodynamics
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The uptake and action of drugs at their tissue site(s) of action
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pharmacokinetics
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The movement of drugs within the body affecting absorption distribution, metabolism, and excretion
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rectal
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pertaining to the rectum
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sublingual
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underneath the tongue
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suppository
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A small solid body containing medication that is placed in a body orifice other than the mouth to release the medication
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topical
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Medication applied to a local area
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toxin
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Poisonous substance formed by a cell or organism
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toxicity
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The state of being poisonous
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toxicology
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The science of poisons, including their source, chemistry, actions, and antidotes
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transdermal
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Going across or through the skin
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aseptic
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Pertaining to the absence of living organisms
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bolus
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Single mass of a substance
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infusion
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Introduction intravenously of a substance other than blood
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injection
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Introduction of a medical substance parenterally
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intradermal
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within the dermis
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intramuscular
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within the muscle
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intrathecal
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Within the subarachnoid or subdural space
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intravenous
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Inside a vein
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port
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A point of entry into an IV system
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subcutaneous hypodermic
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Below the skin
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adverse
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Noxious, unintended, undesired
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impairment
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Diminishing of normal function
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interaction
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The action between two entities to produce or prevent an effect
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reaction
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The response of a living tissue or organism to a stimulus
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synergist
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Agent or process that aids the actions of another
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synergism
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Coordinated action of two or more agents or processes so that the combined action is greater than that of each acting separately
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tranquilizer
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Agent that calms without sedating or depressing
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aide
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An official, confidential assistant
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capsule
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A solid dosage form in which a drug is enclosed in a hard or soft shell
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document
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To provide written proof
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dose
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The quantity of a drug to be taken at one time
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syringe
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An instrument used for injecting or withdrawing fluids
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tablet
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A solid, flattish dosage form containing medication
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allergy
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State of hypersensitivity
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allergic
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pertaining to an allergy
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corticosteroid
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A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex
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insomnia
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inability to sleep
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vertigo
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Sensation of spinning or whirling
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beta blocker
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A beta-adrenergic blocking agent used in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension and other diseases
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chronotropic
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Affecting the heart rate
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dromotropic
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Affecting the rate of conduction in the AV node, and subsequently the heart rate
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diuretic
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Agent that acts on the kidney to increase urine output
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inhibit
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To curb or restrain
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inotropic
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Affecting the contractility of cardiac muscle
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statin
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A drug used to lower cholesterol in the bloodstream
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cream
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A semisolid emulsion for topical use
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exfoliation
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Detachment and shedding of superficial cells from any tissue surface
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ichthyosis
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Scaling and dryness of the skin
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keratolytic
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Causing separation or loosening of the horny layer (stratum corneum) of the epidermis
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lotion
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Liquid suspension for topical use
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ointment
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A semisolid preparation for topical use
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biguanides
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Class of drugs based upon this molecule used for the treatment of diabetes
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diabetes mellitus
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Metabolic syndrome caused by insulin deficiency and/or insulin ineffectiveness
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insulin
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A hormone secreted by the islet cells of the pancreas
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sulfonylureas
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Group of chemicals related to sulfonamides that possess hypoglycemic action
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thiazolidinediones
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A class of antidiabetic drugs that diminish peripheral insulin resistance
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glucocorticoid
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Hormone of the adrenal cortex that helps regulate glucose metabolism
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isotope
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Radioactive element used in diagnostic procedures
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mineralocorticoid
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Hormone of the adrenal cortex that influences sodium and potassium metabolism
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cachexia
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A general weight loss and wasting of the body
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diffusion
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The process by which small particles move between tissues.
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laxative
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An oral agent that promotes the expulsion of feces
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motility
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The ability for spontaneous movement
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stool
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The matter discharged in one movement of the bowels
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analgesia
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State in which pain is reduced
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antipyretic
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Agent that reduces fever
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ingredient
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An element in a mixture
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metabolism
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The constantly changing physical and chemical processes in the cell
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metabolite
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Any product of metabolism
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opiate
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A drug derived from opium
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opioid
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A narcotic substance, either natural or synthetic
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relapse
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Return of the disease manifestations after an interval of improvement
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remission
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Period when there is lessening of the manifestations of a disease
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sedative
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Agent that calms nervous excitement
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stabilize
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To make or hold firm and steady
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stabilizer
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An agent that stabilizes
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antineoplastic
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Pertaining to preventing the forming or spread of cancer cells
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cytostatic
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Inhibiting cell division
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modulator
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Agent that regulates or adjusts
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cannula
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Tube inserted into a blood vessel or cavity as a channel for fluid or gas
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inhalation
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The act of inspiration
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inhaler
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Instrument for administering medications by inhalation
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mucolytic
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Agent capable of dissolving or liquefying mucus
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nebulizer
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Device used to deliver liquid medicine in a fine mist for inhalation
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antiretroviral
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An agent that inhibits or kills any virus of the family
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retrovirus
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A virus with RNA core genetic material
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genital
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Relating to the male or female sex organs
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genitalia
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External and internal organs of reproduction
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vaginosis
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Any disease of the vagina
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vaginitis
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Inflammation of the vagina
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dysfunction
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difficulty in performing
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dysfunctional
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Having difficulty in performing.
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impotence
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Inability to achieve an erection
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overactive
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An exaggerated response
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-ide
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Suffix that means having a particular quality
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3-dimensional
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Stere/o means?
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blood vessel
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angi/o means?
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x-ray beam
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fluor/o means?
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Film Badge
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Used to detect the amount of radiation that the technologist has been exposed to
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lung & colon
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The 2 types of cancer that are most prevalent in the US.
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Prostate
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Exposure to pesticides increase a mans risk for cancer of the _______.
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OSHA
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Governmental agency that protects workers from environmental hazards.
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more than 50%
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The percent of cancers that could be prevented by changes in lifestyle and environment.
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to kill
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-cid/e means?
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lymph nodes
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Hodgkin Disease is a cancer involving the ______.
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Cancer
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Latin Crab
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EPA
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Governmental agency responsible for air and water quality.
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ETS
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Abbreviation for second hand smoke.
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PCD
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Apoptosis is also known as _______.
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50;prostate
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Men over the age of _____ should have an annual exam for ____ cancer.
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Anemia & clotting problems
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Chemotherapy can adversely affect the bone marrow by causing _____ and ____ problems.
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CIS
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Abbreviation for early cancer that has not yet spread.
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Pathologist
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Specialist that stages cancer.
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Radon
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The decaying of uranium leads to the release of ______.
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urge incontinence
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the loss of urine before one can get to the toilet, is the most common form in the elderly.
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stress incontinence
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caused by weak bladder muscles. It occurs when the abdominal pressure when you cough, sneeze, laugh, or climb stairs overcomes the closing pressure of the bladder.
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overflow incontinence
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occurs when the bladder never completely empties and leaks small amounts of urine.
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functional incontinence
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an inability to reach the toilet in time.
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velocity, wavelength, ionization, invisibility
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The characteristics of X-rays include:
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over-the-counter
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drugs which are also called nonprescription drugs, are used to treat conditions that do not generally require care or a prescription from a health professional.
