Health Ch. 11-14 – Flashcards
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The most popular drug on college campuses is
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Alcohol
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Heavy drinking within a 2-hour period is described as
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binge drinking
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The leading cause of preventable death among college students in the United States is
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Alcohol consumption
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The addictive drug in beer, wine, and liquor is
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ethanol
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The rate at which alcohol is absorbed and metabolized in the body is _______ depending on individual factors.
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different
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Which enzyme is responsible for the metabolism of alcohol in the liver?
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alcohol dehydrogenase
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Alcohol is metabolized in the liver, where it is converted to
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acetate
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Blood alcohol concentration is the ratio of _____ to total _____ ______.
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alcohol; blood volume
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The most accurate method of determining blood alcohol concentration is
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blood analysis
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Vincent, a heavy drinker, can consume a lot of alcohol yet appear to be sober. This is known as
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learned behavior tolerance
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Alcohol (ethanol) is a
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CNS depressant
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An inability to be roused, a rapid or irregular pulse, and slowed breathing are signs of
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alcohol poisoning
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Headache, muscle aches, nausea, anxiety, depression, and thirst are symptoms of a
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hangover
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A condition of severe liver damage that usually results from alcohol abuse is
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cirrhosis
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On her first prenatal visit to the doctor, Marlene is warned about the dangers of drinking alcohol while pregnant. If she drinks, which condition could affect her unborn child?
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fetal alcohol syndrome
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Children born with fetal alcohol syndrome exhibit which of the following traits? Respiratory difficulties Spinal deformity Mental impairment Muscular atrophy
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Mental impairment
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The use of alcohol becomes the abuse when it interferes with ____ _______ or involves a ______ of the law.
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daily responsibilities; violation
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As with other drugs, alcohol abuse can lead to
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physical and psychological dependence
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Regarding family, they _____ and become part of the _______ of addiction.
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suffer; dynamics
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Grace is a 14-year-old child of alcoholic parents. She draws attention away from her family's primary problem by smoking, shoplifting, and cutting school.
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scapegoat
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Franco is a 10-year-old child of alcoholic parents. He copes by being the family clown, always providing comic relief in a difficult situation. What role is he assuming?
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mascot
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A method used by family and friends to help an alcoholic confront the disease is
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intervention
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Which type of treatment for alcoholism deters drinking by reducing the pleasurable effects of alcohol or by causing an individual to become ill if alcohol is consumed?
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pharmacological
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Al-Anon differs from Alcoholics Anonymous in that it seeks to help ____ _____ and _____ of alcoholics.
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family members; friends
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Long-term alcohol abusers can develop a chronic inflammation of the liver known as
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alcoholic hepatitis
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When personal and health problems related to alcohol use have become severe and a person suffers withdrawal symptoms if they don't drink, they have reached the point of alcoholism or
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alcohol dependence
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The single most preventable cause of death in the United States is
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tobacco use
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Which of the following groups is least likely to smoke? People with a college degree People with a high school diploma People with less than 12 years of education People with a family history of cancer
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people with a college degree
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The rate of cigarette smoking among college students is
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declining
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Beth only smokes when she goes out with her friends. What type of smoker is she?
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social smoker
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The tar in cigarette smoke contains chemicals that contribute to the development of
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lung cancer
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Which of the following statements about nicotine is true? It is the only chemical present in cigarette smoke. It is a form of condensed particulate matter from tobacco. It is a highly addictive chemical stimulant. It irritates the lungs but does not accumulate in the lungs.
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It is a highly addictive chemical stimulant.
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Jeff smokes cigarettes. What is the most dangerous gas that he inhales with each puff?
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carbon monoxide
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Small, hand-rolled, flavored cigarettes usually made in India or Southeast Asia are
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bidis
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Alex uses chewing tobacco every day and has done this since he was 15 years old. He notices leathery white patches inside his mouth. What is this condition?
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leukoplakia
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Della recently quit her 20-year smoking habit. How long will it take for her risk of cardiovascular disease to become the same as a person who has never smoked?
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15 years
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Which factor most affects a smoker's lung cancer risk? The time of day cigarettes are smoked Exposure to secondhand smoke as a child The age the person started smoking
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age
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Which smoking-related disease destroys the air sacs in the lungs?
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emphysema
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Inhaling smoke from another person's cigarette, pipe, or cigar is
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passive smoking
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Irritability, nausea, vomiting, and agitation are typical symptoms of
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nicotine withdrawal
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Smoking-cessation medications are designed to affect brain chemistry to improve mood and reduce anxiety. speed up metabolism so the body processes nicotine faster. produce extreme discomfort if a person smokes.
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extreme discomfort
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When a smoker quits, what is one of the most immediate effects? Ability to smell and taste improves. Blood pressure drops to normal. Circulation improves. Oxygen level in the blood increases.
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blood pressure
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Smokers who quit "cold turkey" simply decide to not smoke again. belong to support groups. get help from a treatment program. gradually reduce their dependence on nicotine.
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not smoke
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When Paul meets his friends for an evening at a smoke-filled bar, he is exposed to secondhand smoke, also known as negligible smoke. mainstream smoke. sidestream smoke. involuntary smoke.
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sidestream smoke
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Tim enjoys a cigar occasionally when he and his buddies watch a football game. When he inhales, he is exposed to voluntary smoke. mainstream smoke. sidestream smoke. involuntary smoke.
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sidestream smoke
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A finely ground powdered form of smokeless tobacco is snuff. bidis. chewing tobacco. plugs.
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snuff
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A chronic condition that many smokers develop in which the lungs become inflamed and excess mucus is produced is
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bronchitis
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Particulate matter in cigarette smoke that condenses in the lungs to form a thick, brownish sludge is known as
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tar
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A condition often experienced by first-time smokers produces symptoms that include lightheadedness, dizziness, rapid pulse, nausea, and vomiting; this condition is known as:
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nicotine poisoning
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Psychoactive drugs affect mood and behavior by altering
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brain chemistry
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Chemicals in the body that transmit nerve impulses are
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neurotransmitters
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What is true about over-the-counter (OTC) drugs?
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no prescription
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Drugs delivered via which route of administration have the most rapid effect on the body?
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inhalation
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The most dangerous route of administration for drug users is
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intravenous injection
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Ella is using a nicotine patch to help her quit smoking. This route of drug administration is
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transdermal
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The use of two or more drugs simultaneously is known as
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polydrug use
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A physiological tolerance to one drug that reduces the effects of another drug is
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cross-tolerance
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The interaction of two or more drugs that produces more profound effects than if the drugs were taken separately is
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synergism
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Drug abuse defined as
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excessive use of a drug
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Abuse of prescription drugs is
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decreasing
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When a drug abuser sees several doctors to obtain prescriptions, often for painkillers, this practice is known as
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doctor shopping
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Which of the following factors would increase a college student's risk of prescription drug abuse? Parents who are strongly opposed to drugs. Growing up in a religious environment. Academic and social pressures A roommate who smokes marijuana.
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academic and social pressures
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A drug that increases central nervous system activity is a
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stimulant
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A drug that slows central nervous system activity is a
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depressant
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A drug that reduces anxiety and promotes mental calmness is a
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sedative
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Joel has developed a hole in his nasal septum from cocaine use. His method of cocaine use was
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snorting
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Brenda smokes a relatively inexpensive form of cocaine. What is this drug called?
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coke
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Improved mood, increased energy and enhanced alertness are associated with small doses of which type of drugs
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amphetamines
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Methamphetamine's effects last longer than the effects of cocaine. A meth high can last more than
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6 hours
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Ice, crank, crystal, and speed are street names for
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amphetamines
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Which drug is used most commonly used illicit drug in the United States?
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marijuana
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The psychoactive substance in marijuana is
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THC
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David recently smoked a marijuana cigarette with his friends. How long will his "buzz" likely last?
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3 hours
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Marijuana is administered therapeutically to offset which side effect of chemotherapy?
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nausea
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Why does marijuana present clear dangers in regard to driving while under the influence?
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slows reaction time and decision making
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Heroin, codeine, and morphine are which type of drug?
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opioids
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Another name for opioids is
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narcotics
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The prescription drugs Vicodin, Percodan, Demerol, and OxyContin contain synthetic versions of
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opioids
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Drugs such as LSD that are capable of creating auditory or visual distortions are
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hallucinogens
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Michael uses LSD, which is known on the street as
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acid
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What is the most common psychological state produced by LSD?
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dysphoria
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Which of the following terms means a global outbreak and spread of a disease?
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pandemic
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For disease to occur, the immune system of the host must be in a
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weakened condition
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Not getting enough sleep and eating a regular diet of junk food will have what effect on the immune system?
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impair ability to fight disease
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Which of the following risk factors for disease can you control? Heredity Nutritional status Environmental conditions Age
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nutritional status
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The transmission of an infectious disease occurs through a process known as the
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chain of infection
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Greg has had cold sores most of his life. He is upset because he recently got "another herpes infection," which is now in his eye. Transmission of the herpes virus to his eye most likely occurred by
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autoinoculation
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Animals, insects, food, and water can all transmit
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pathogens
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Which of the following makes the body vulnerable to pathogens? Enzymes in body secretions Breaks in the skin or mucous membranes Secretions produced by mucous membranes Cilia in the respiratory tract
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breaks
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Rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, lupus, and type 1 diabetes are examples of which type of disease?
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autoimmune
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Which type of blood cells play a primary role in the body's immune response?
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lymphocytes
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Monica lives in a residence hall suite with three friends. After breakfast, she had a sudden fever, a severe headache, and a stiff neck. Which of the following infections is most likely causing Monica's symptoms?
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meningitis
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Redness, swelling, pain, and heat are the cardinal signs of
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swelling
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By breast-feeding, Jennifer is providing which type of immunity for her baby?
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passive
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Which of the following groups has the highest risk of tuberculosis (TB)? Newborn infants Persons with HIV College students living in close quarters IV drug users
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persons with HIV
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Rocky Mountain spotted fever is transmitted by
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ticks
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Tuberculosis, meningitis, and staph infections are caused by
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bacteria
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Stephanie has been infected with a virus but has not yet had any visible symptoms. This symptomless period during which a virus develops fully is known as
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incubation
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An example of an endemic disease is
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common cold
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Diseases caused by bacteria can be treated with
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antibiotics
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Infectious mononucleosis is caused by a
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virus
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The form of hepatitis that can be contracted from eating food or drinking water contaminated with human feces is
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Hepatitis A
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Which process is occurring when infectious organisms establish themselves on a host without causing infection?
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colonization
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The form of hepatitis that is contracted through unprotected sex or sharing needles is
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Hepatitis B
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Bob is a 62-year-old male who had chicken pox as a child. This increases his risk for the virus to reoccur in the form of
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shingles
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Maria is three months pregnant. Which of the following viral infections has mild symptoms but could cause great threat to her fetus if contracted during pregnancy?
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rubella
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Jock itch is an example of a condition caused by a
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fungi
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Boils, acne, and infected wounds are all associated with
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staph infections
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Rabies is which type of pathogen carried by animals?
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virus
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Which sexually transmitted infection has recently been implicated as a risk factor for coronary artery disease?
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chlamydia
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Which of the following is true about herpes? The herpes virus is only transmitted through sexual contact. Herpes is not a very common infection. At the present time, there is no cure for herpes. Once blisters or sores disappear, the virus is no longer present.
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no cure
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The virus that causes AIDS is the
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HIV
