Flashcards on Med Term Chapter 5
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Valvulitis
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an inflammation of a heart valve
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Valvular prolapse
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abnormal protrusion of a heart valve that results in the inability of the valve to close completely
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Bradycardia
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abnormally slow resting heart rate (less than 60 beats/minute)
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Tachycardia
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abnormally rapid resting heartbeat (over 100 beats per minute)
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Raynaud's disease
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Peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress. Symptoms include constricted circulation, paleness, cyanosis (blueness) and redness of the fingers and toes
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Phlebitis
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inflammation of a vein
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Blood dyscrasia
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Any pathologic condition of the cellular elements of the blood.
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Leukopenia
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a decrease in the number of disease fighting white blood cells circulating in the blood.
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Thrombocytopenia
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a blood disease characterized by an abnormally small number of platelets in the blood
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Thrombosis
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the abnormal condition of having a thrombus (blood clot)
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Thrombus
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a stationary blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein
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Coronary thrombosis
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damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery
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Embolism
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the sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus
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Hyperlipidemia
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the general term used to describe elevated levels of cholesterol and other fatty substances in the blood
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Anemia
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term meaning lower-than-normal number of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the blood
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Aplastic anemia
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disease characterized by an absence of all formed blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow
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Hemolytic anemia
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a condition of an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to the premature destruction of red blood cells by the spleen
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Angiography
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radiography of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium
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Arteriectomy
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the surgical removal of part of an artery
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Carotid endarterectomy
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the surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery leading to the brain
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Hemostasis
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means to stop or control bleeding
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Atherosclerosis
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hardening of the arteries. any group of disease characterized by thickening and the loss of elasticity of arterial walls
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Atheroma
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a fatty deposit in the intima (inner lining) of an artery
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Cardiomegaly
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abnormal enlargement of the heart
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Endocarditis
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inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
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Pericarditis
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inflammation of the pericardium (membranous sac surrounding the heart)
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Cardiomyopathy
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the term used to describe all diseases of the heart muscle
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Thrombolytic
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type of medication designed to dissolve a clot and clear a blocked blood vessel.(clot-busting drug)
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Angina
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a condition in which severe episodes of chest pain occur due to an inadequate blood flow to the myocardium. (angina pectoris)
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Myocardial infarction
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commonly known as a heart attack. Is the occlusion (blockage) of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup.
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Heart murmur
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an abnormal blowing or clicking sound heard when listening to the heart or neighboring large blood vessels
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Valvular stenosis
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a condition in which there is narrowing, stiffening, thickening, or blockage of one or more valves of the heart
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Embolus
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A clot that breaks lose and travels through the bloodstream.
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Septicemia
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a systemic disease caused by the infection of microorganisms and their toxins in the circulating blood
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Myelodysplastic syndrome
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a group of bone marrow disorders that are characterized by the insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow.
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Leukemia
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a type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes found in blood forming tissues, other organs, and in the circulating blood
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Pernicious anemia
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a type of anemia caused by a lack of the protein intrinsic factor that helps the body absorb vitamin B12 from the gastrointestinal tract
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Megaloblastic anemia
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a blood disorder characterized by anemia in which the red blood cells are larger than normal
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Sickle cell anemia
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a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape
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ACE inhibitor
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blocks the action of the enzyme that causes the blood vessels to contract, resulting in hypertension
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Beta-blocker
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reduces the workload of the heart by slowing the rate of the heart beat
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Calcium channel blocker
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drug that causes the heart and blood vessels to relax by decreasing the movement of calcium into the cells of these structures.
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Coumadin
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an anticoagulant used to prevent blood clots from forming or growing larger. (brand name warfarin)
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Digitalis
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medication that strengthens the contraction of the heart muscle, slows the heart rate, and helps eliminate fluid from body tissues
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Nitroglycerin
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a vasodilator that is prescribed to prevent or relieve the pain of angina by dilating the blood vessels to the heart
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Angioplasty
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the technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel
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Ventricular tachycardia
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A rapid heart rhythm in which the electrical impulse begins in the ventricle (instead of the atrium), which may result in inadequate blood flow and eventually deteriorate into cardiac arrest
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Orthostatic hypotension
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low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up
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Aneurysm
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a localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery.
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Arteriosclerosis
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the abnormal narrowing of an artery or arteries
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Varicose veins
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abnormally swollen veins, usually occurring in the superficial veins of the legs
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Hemochromatosis
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a genetic disorder in which the intestines absorb too much iron.
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Polycythemia
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an abnormal increase in the number of red cells in the blood due to excess production of these cells by the bone marrow
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Thrombocytosis
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an abnormal increase in the number of platelets in the circulating blood
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Angiitis
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inflammation of a blood vessel
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Angiostenosis
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the abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel
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Hypoperfusion
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a deficiency of blood passing through an organ or body part
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Polyarteritis
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Inflammation of many arteries
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Thalassemia
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an inherited blood disorder that causes mild or severe anemia due to reduced hemoglobin and fewer red blood cells than normal
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Phlebography
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technique of preparing an x-ray image of veins injected with a contrast medium material
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Restenosis
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describes the condition when an artery that has been opened by angioplasty closes again
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Aneurysmectomy
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surgical removal of an aneurysm
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Aneurysmorrhaphy
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suture of an aneurysm
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Valvoplasty
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the surgical repair or replacement of a heart valve
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Electrocardiology
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the study of the heart's electrical activity
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Electrocardiogram
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Record of the electrical activity of the myocardium
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Stress test
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performed to assess cardiovascular health and function during and after stress
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Diuretic
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administered to stimulate the kidneys to increase the secretion of urine to rid the body of excess sodium and water
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Vasodilator
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a drug that causes dilation of the blood vessels (to expand)
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Vasoconstrictor
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a drug that causes narrowing of the blood vessels (constricting)
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Plasmapharesis
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the removal of blood from the body and separation of the blood's cellular elements. (Plasma exchange)
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Hematologist
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a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the blood and blood-forming tissues
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Ischemia
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a condition in which there is an insufficient supply of oxygen in the tissues due to a restricted blood flow to a part of the body
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Myocarditis
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Inflammation of the heart muscle
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angi/o
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blood or lymph vessel (word part)
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aort/o
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aorta (word part)
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arteri/o
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artery (word part)
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ather/o
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plaque, fatty substance (word part)
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brady-
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slow (prefix)
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cardi/o
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heart (word part)
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-crasia
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a mixture or blending (suffix)
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-emia
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blood, blood condition (suffix)
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erythr/o
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red (word part)
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hem/o (hemat/o)
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blood, relating to the blood (word part)
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leuk/o
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white (word part)
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phleb/o
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vein (word part)
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tachy-
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fast, rapid (prefix)
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thromb/o
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clot (word part)
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ven/o
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vein (word part)
