question

Goals of First Aid

answer

1. Keep victim alive 2. Prevent victim's condition from getting worse 3. Help promote early recovery 4. Ensure victim receives appropriate medical care

question

Consent

answer

Need to have victim's consent before using first aid

question

Types of consent

answer

Expressed and Implied

question

Expressed consent

answer

Responsive victim communicates consent, can include head nods

question

Implied consent

answer

Unresponsive or child's parent not present or reached

question

Refusing consent

answer

Victim can refuse consent - if they go unresponsive consent is now implied Get second witness to refusal

question

Scope of care

answer

Set of first aid techniques learned in first aid course

question

Standard of Care

answer

Care expected from any trained EMT under similar circumstances

question

Abandoment

answer

If you leave victim and injury or illness becomes worse Justified reasons: Exhaustion, imminent danger, or replacement comes (equal or higher skill level)

question

Confidentiality

answer

Only give victim's information to the treating medical professionals

question

Infectious Diseases Transmitted

answer

1. Someone has infection 2. Infection leaves body 3. Infection reaches another person, enters body (through blood) 4. Second person develops infection

question

Bloodborne Diseases

answer

1. HIV 2. Hep B (Has vaccine) 3. Hep C

question

Protection against bloodborne diseases

answer

use gloves

question

Steps in an Emergency

answer

1. Recognize the emergency 2. Check the scene 3. Check the victim 4. Call 9-1-1 5. Give first aid 6. Have victim seek medical attention

question

10 Body Systems

answer

1. Respiratory 2. Cardiovascular 3. Nervous 4. Musculoskeletal 5. Integumentary 6. Gastrointestinal 7. Endocrine 8. Immune 9. Urinary 10. Reproductive

question

Assessment

answer

1. Initial assessment 2. Secondary assessment 3. Monitor for change

question

Initial Assessment

answer

Check for life-threatening conditions Move only if - immediate danger or cannot give lifesaving care

question

How to check for responsiveness

answer

Tap on shoulder and ask "Are you okay?", doesn't respond then call 9-1-1 and provide care

question

AVPU Scale

answer

Alert Verbal - Response to verbal Painful - Responses to pain Unresponsive

question

Initial Assessment Steps

answer

1. Check for responsiveness and normal breathing 2. Unresponsive - Call 9-1-1, if unresponsive and not breathing provide BLS 3. Breathing - Check for severe bleeding and other threats 4. Care for life threatening conditions

question

Recovery Position

answer

Keeps airway open, allows fluids to drain, prevents from inhaling stomach contents HAINES High Arm IN Endangered Spine Extend arms over victim's head, position arm closest to you over victim's chest, bend victim's leg closest to you at the knee, put forearm under victim's shoulder while supporting the neck and carefully roll, bend both legs and open mouth

question

SAMPLE

answer

Signs and symptoms Allergies Medications Previous problems Last food or drink Events

question

Physical Exam

answer

Head to toe DOTS Deformities Open injuries and wounds Tenderness Swelling

question

Universal sign of choking

answer

Hands around the throat

question

Choking care for Responsive Adult and Child

answer

1. Consent 2. 9-1-1 3. Stand behind with one leg in between theirs 4. Locate navel, create fist with hand above navel 5. Grasp fist with other hand and thrust inward and upward

question

Choking care for Responsive Infant

answer

1. 5 back blows 2. Check for expelled object 3. 5 chest thrusts 4. Continue cycle, if alone call 9-1-1 after 1 minute

question

Effects of blood loss

answer

causes a decrease in oxygen supply to the body; blood pressure drops; heart pumps faster to compensate for the decreased volume and BP; body will attempt to clot the blood to halt bleeding; usually requiring 6-7 minutes; uncontrolled, bleeding can result in shock and death

question

Class 1 blood loss

answer

Up to 15%

question

Class 2 blood loss

answer

15-30%

question

Class 3 blood loss

answer

30-40% At 30% body can no longer compensate

question

Class 4 blood loss

answer

>40%

question

Types of External Bleeding

answer

1. Arterial 2. Venous 3. Capillary

question

Controlling bleeding

answer

Apply direct pressure and raise above the head

question

Symptoms of internal bleeding

answer

Abdomen - tender, swollen, bruised, hard Blood vomited or present in urine or stool Cool, clammy skin, pale, ashen, or bluish Thirst Confusion or lightheadness

question

Shock - Severe blood loss

answer

Not enough oxygen-rich blood reaching organs, life-threatening, may develop quickly or gradually

question

Common Types of Shock

answer

1. Hypovolemic 2. Cardiogenic 3. Neurogenic 4. Anaphylactic

question

First Aid for Shock

answer

1. Check responsiveness 2. Call 9-1-1 3. Lie on back 4. Feet 6-12" above ground

question

First Aid for Anaphylactic Shock

answer

1. Call 9-1-1 2. Help administer epi-pen

question

What shouldn't you use to clean a wound?

answer

Never use alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, or iodine

question

Types of Open Wounds

answer

Abrasions, Lacerations, Punctures, Avulsions, Amputations, Burns

question

Scalp Wound W/O Fracture First Aid

answer

1. Replace any skin flaps, cover with dressing 2. Use direct pressure to control bleeding 3. Roller or triangle bandage around head to secure dressing

question

Blow to Eye

answer

1. If eye is bleeding or leaking fluids - CALL 911 2. Cold pack with barrier (up to 15 min) 3. Lie still, cover uninjured eye 4. Seek medical attention

question

Ear Injuries

answer

1. Clear fluid or watery blood from the ear could mean skull fracture - call 911 2. Help vic sit up, tilting affect ear lower to let blood or other fluid drain 3. Cover ear with loose sterile dressing - No pressure 4. Medical attention

question

Teeth and Mouth Injuries

answer

Bleeding, control with direct pressure. Knocked out teeth can be replanted. Priority of first aid is keeping airway open and controlling bleeding

question

Knocked out teeth

answer

1. Vic sit still, titled forward to allow blood to drain 2. Rinse with tap water or saline 3. Control bleeding by having vic bite down for 20-30 minutes on gauze 4. Save the tooth. Pick up by crown and place in milk 5. See dentist immediately

question

Nosebleed First Aid

answer

1. Tilt head forward, mouth open 2. Pinch nostrils together just below the bridge for 10 min 3. Gasping or choking on blood call 911

question

Function of skin (three things)

answer

Protection Regulates temperature Sensation

question

What Happen With a Burn?

answer

May damage any layer of skin Can allow pathogens - risk of infection Fluid loss (2nd degree) Loss of body heat (severe burn) Damage to nerve endings

question

Where are the majority of deaths by fires and burn at?

answer

The Home

question

Heat Burns

answer

Caused by sun, flames, steam

question

Assessing a Burn

answer

What type of burn is it? (1st, 2nd, 3rd) How extensive? What specific body area?

question

Classifications of Burns

answer

1st degree 2nd degree 3rd degree

question

1st degree

answer

Superficial burns Damage only the outer skin layer

question

2nd degree

answer

Partial-thickness burn Damages deeper layers Blisters present Depending on size, may require medical attention

question

3rd degree

answer

Full thickness burn Damages all layers

question

What do you use for assessing burn size and severity?

answer

Rule of nines

question

When do you call 911 for burns?

answer

Any 3rd degree burn that is larger than 50-cent piece Any 2nd degree that covers more than 10%, (5% in kids) 2nd and 3rd on face, genital, hand, feet Circumferential burns Chronic health disorders

question

First Aid: Heat Burns

answer

1. Stop burning, cool area 2. Protect area 3. Provide supportive care 4. Ensure medical attention

question

First Aid: 1st Degree Burns

answer

1. Stop burning 2. Cool burned area with cool water 3. Remove constricting items 4. Protect

question

First Aid: 2nd Degree Burns

answer

1. Stop burning 2. Cool burned area with cool water 3. Large burns call 911 4. Remove constricting items 5. Nonstick dressing - keep loose

question

First Aid: 3rd Degree Burns

answer

1. Stop burning 2. Cool burned area with cool water 3. Remove constricting items 4. Call 911 5. Treat for shock 6. Cover burn with nonstick dressing - keep loose *Do not cool burn if larger than 20% of the body or 10% for a child

question

Smoke Inhalation

answer

Potential airway or lung injuries Airway swells Symptoms may not be obvious until 48 hours after exposure

question

First Aid: Smoke Inhalation

answer

1. Get victim to fresh air 2. Call 911 3. Help victim into comfortable position for breathing, keep calm

question

First Aid: Chemical Burns

answer

1. Check MSDS 2. Move away from fumes or ventilate area 3. Gloved hand, brush off any dry chemical 4. Flush area with running water. Flush until EMS arrive. 5. Remove clothing and jewelry 6. Call 911 for any chemical burn

question

Electrical Burns and Shocks

answer

External injuries may include entrance and exit wounds Internal injuries caused by electricity flowing through body includes irregular heart rhythms or cardiac arrest

question

First Aid: Electrical Burns

answer

1. Do not touch victim until area is safe. Unplug or turn off power. 2. Call 911 3. Unresponsive victim - Give BLS 4. Care for the burn 5. Treat for shock

question

Head and Spinal Injuries

answer

May be life-threatening Damage or trauma to the brain and spine

question

Assessment of Head and Spinal Injuries

answer

Mechanism of injury Focus on physical exam Recognize possibility of head/spinal injury

question

Sign and Symptoms of Head/Spinal Injuries

answer

Lumps Changing levels of responsiveness (AVPU) Confusion Fluids Stiff neck Inability to move a body part Dizziness Unequal pupils Headache Tingling in hands/feet

question

Physical Exam of Head/Spinal Injuries

answer

Unresponsive - NO exam -Do not move victim with possible spinal injury -Maintain spinal motion restriction to prevent head movement Responsive - Carefully assess -Need 2 people, one to hold head in place -Reveal problems call 911 -Don't assume lack of certain symptoms means no spinal injuries Assessment 1. Check victim's head 2. Check neck 3. Check feet sensation 4. Ask victim to point toes 5. Check strength (Can you push on my hands) 6. Check in hands too

question

Skull Fracture

answer

Check for fractures before applying direct pressure to scalp bleeding (can push bone fragments back into brain) Life-threatening

question

First Aid: Skull Fracture

answer

1. Call 911, Stay with victim 2. Put breathing unresponsive victims into recovery position, unless spinal injury suspected 3. Do not clean wound, press on it, or remove impaled object 4. Cover with sterile dressing 5. If bleeding use a ring dressing

question

Brain Injury

answer

May occur with blow to head Likely with skull fracture Range of signs and symptoms, signs may progress 911 (immediately if nausea, vomiting, headache, seizures, vision or speech problems, changing levels of responsiveness present) Suspected spinal injury

question

First Aid: Brain Injury

answer

1. Have victim lie down 2. Keep victim still and comfortable 3. Call 911 4. Support head and neck

question

Concussion

answer

Temporary swelling of the brain Usually no head wound May have been "knocked out" and regain consciousness Second impact syndrome can be fatal

question

Signs and Symptoms of a Concussion

answer

Headache Temporary confusion, altered mental status Memory loss Brief loss of responsiveness

question

A&O (Alert and Oriented X4)

answer

Person (Do they know who they are?) Place (Where are they?) Time (What time of day is it?) Disposition (Do they know what happened?)

question

First Aid: Concussion

answer

Difficult to determine seriousness Seek medical attention Call 911, keep victim still and give supportive care Victim should never continue the activity (possibility of second impact syndrome if they do)

question

Spinal Injury

answer

Fracture of neck or back always serious Perform spinal motion restriction *Hold the head in the position you found them in (unless unresponsive then give CPR - keeping head in line with body)

question

First Aid: Spinal Injury

answer

1. Ask a responsive victim what happened. Assess responsive victim. 2. Stabilize neck in position found 3. Monitor breathing - prepare for CPR 4. Send someone to call 911

question

Log Roll

answer

1. Hold victim's head with both hands over ears 2. First aider at head directs the others to roll as a unit 3. Keep supporting head

question

Lower Back Injuries

answer

Usually mechanical/pain May not damage spinal cord Usually not an emergency

question

Chest, Abdomen, Pelvic Injuries

answer

Blunt force trauma or penetrating Can be life-threatening Shock Always call 911

question

Common Causes of Chest Injuries

answer

Car crash Blow to chest Falling Sports

question

Signs/Symptoms of Chest

answer

Breathing problems Severe pain Coughing blood Bruising and Swelling Deformity

question

Pneumothorax

answer

Air escapes from injured lung, causing it to collapse Respiratory distress - Call 911

question

Hemothorax

answer

Blood from injury builds up in the thoracic cavity - compressing the lung Shock 911

question

Broken Ribs

answer

Typically from trauma Lower ribs and side weaker - more common injuries Sever pain, dislocation, swelling Injuries to lungs or underlying organs can be damaging as well Always call 911

question

First Aid: Ribs

answer

1. Help victim sit into comfortable position 2. Support ribs with pillow, loosely bandage 3. Call 911

question

Flail Chest

answer

Two or more ribs broken in two or more places From severe blow to the chest Paradoxical movement - flail segment moves in opposite direction

question

First Aid: Chest Flail

answer

1. Comfortable position 2. Splint with pillow and bandage 3. Position victim lying on injured side 4. 911

question

First Aid: Impaled Object

answer

1. Keep victim still 2. Stabilize with dressing 3. Bandage around and over object 4. Call 911

question

Sucking Chest Wound

answer

Open wound in chest caused by penetrating injury Wound lets air move in and out of chest during breathing Can be life-threatening Can collapse both lungs

question

First Aid: Sucking Chest Wound

answer

1. Put thin sterile dressing over wound 2. Cover dressing with plastic wrap to make air-tight seal, tape on three sides 3. Position victim inclined toward injured side 4. Call 911

question

Abdominal Injuries

answer

Closed or open Blow to abdomen Internal or external bleeding Needs immediate medical attention

question

Closed Abdominal Injuries

answer

Can be life-threatening Internal organs may have ruptures + severe bleeding

question

First Aid: Closed Ab Injury

answer

1. Position comfortable, loosen tight clothing 2. Call 911 3. Treat for shock and monitor breathing

question

Open Abdominal Injuries

answer

Visually injuries - internal organs Large wound creates evisceration - ab organs protrude, serious emergency

question

First Aid: Open Ab Injury

answer

1. Victim on back 2. Cover would with dry non-inherent or moist sterile dressing 3. Cover with large occlusive dressing 4. 911 5. Treat for shock *Intestine Taco for exposed organs, Make pouch of large pad, Tape

question

Pelvic Injuries

answer

Common in elderly Can cause internal bleeding and shock May also have spinal injury

question

First Aid: Pelvic

answer

1. Victim lie on back 2. 911 3. Immobilize legs together 4. Treat for shock

question

Bones, Joints, Muscle Injuries

answer

Most common injuries Caused by blow, impact, fall, sports

question

Musculoskeletal Injuries

answer

Fractures Dislocation Sprains Strains Contusions Cramps

question

Assessment (SAMPLE) for Musculoskeletal Injuries

answer

Initial assessment first - life threatening conditions Perform physical exam Mechanism of Injury Ask for history Do no move unnecessarily

question

Signs and Symptoms for Musculoskeletal Injuries

answer

Compare injured arm or leg to opposite DOTS Pain Bleeding Discoloration/Bruising Abnormal sensation Inability to move Difference in temperature

question

RICE

answer

Rest Ice Compression Elevation

question

Rest

answer

Don't move Rest until medical help

question

Ice

answer

Cold reduces swelling, pain, and bruising Put on as soon as possible (except for open wound) Plastic bag with ice-water with cloth barrier Apply for 20 min, remove for 30

question

Compression

answer

Comfort and support Elastic roller bandages over injured area, ice pack, another loose ace bandage Can be used for 24-48 hours

question

Elevation

answer

Helps prevent swelling Helps control internal or external bleeding Splint fracture first and elevate above the heart

question

Fractures

answer

Bones completely broken or only cracked Bleeding can be severe with open Nearby organs can be damaged Closed and Open

question

Closed Fracture

answer

Simple fracture Skin not broken

question

Open Fracture

answer

Compound fracture Skin broken

question

First Aid: Fractures

answer

1. Immobilize area (above and below the suspected fracture) 2. 911 3. Treat open wound 4. Apply RICE 5. Splint

question

Joint Injury: Dislocation

answer

One or more bones moved out of normal position in joint Usually involves tearing of ligaments Pain, swelling, bruising, looks deformed Can damage nerves and cause serious bleeding

question

Joint Injury: Sprains

answer

Bone remain in place but ligaments and other structures injured Overextended joint Ankles, knees, wrist common Swelling, pain, bruising Looks similar to a fracture Circulation check

question

Joint Injury

answer

Both types can look like a fracture Treat as severe, call 911

question

First Aid: Dislocations

answer

1. Immobilize/Splint 2. 911 3. RICE

question

First Aid: Sprains

answer

1. Immobilize 2. RICE 3. Soft Splint 4. Medical attention

question

Muscle Injuries

answer

Overexertion, careless, sudden move Strains, contusions, cramps Less serious than bone and joint Repeated injury can lead to chronic pain

question

Strains

answer

Tearing of muscle or tendon Overexertion First Aid: RICE, cold pack 20 min on and 30 off

question

Contusion

answer

Bruised muscle May result from a blow Pain, swelling, discoloration May persist First Aid: 1. Apply RICE, DO NOT massage 2. Cold pack, 20 on 30 off 3. Repeat 24-48 hours

question

Muscle Cramps

answer

Tightness and overexertion Thigh and calf common Different from heat cramps Flexibility and stretches can reduce First Aid: 1. Stop activity 2. Stretch 3. Cold pack 20 on, 30 off 4. Gently massage

question

Splinting

answer

Restricts movement Always splint if suspected fracture Reduces pain Minimizes swellings Can be improvised Check and treat life-threatening first Consider mechanism of injury and possibility of spinal injury

question

Types of Splints

answer

Rigid Soft Anatomic

question

Rigid Splint

answer

Board, plastic, metal, cardboard

question

Soft Splint

answer

Pillow, folded blanket, or towel Triangular bandage formed into a sling

question

Anatomic

answer

"Buddy Taping" Bandage uninjured leg, toe, or finger to injured one

question

Securing Splints

answer

Bandages, strips of cloth, velcro strips Knots or tape (not on skin)

question

Guidelines for Splinting

answer

Dress any open wound first Splint injury in position found Immobilize entire area (above and below) Place padding between skin and splint Do not secure over open would Elevate if possible, ice Check circulation

question

Slings

answer

Prevent movement, provide elevation Splint first Splint in position found, slings may not be possible Cold packs can be used (20 on, 30 off) Do not cover fingers inside sling

question

Hips

answer

Fractures and dislocations First Aid similar to pelvic injury Call 911 Do not move Anatomic splint legs, pad between Treat for shock, but do not elevate

question

Upper Leg

answer

Femur fracture 911 Keep from moving Use anatomic splint

question

Knees

answer

Strain, dislocation Call 911, do not transport yourself Soft splint Straight - use anatomic

question

General Signs of Symptoms of Sudden Illness

answer

Ill, dizzy, confused, weak Skin color changes Sweating Breathing changes Nausea and vomiting

question

General Care for Sudden Illness

answer

911 for unexplained illness Help victim rest, avoid getting chilled/overheated Reassure No food or drink Watch for changes

question

Heart Attack

answer

Precursor to cardiac arrest Reduced blood flow to heart Can occur at any age

question

Symptoms of Heart Attack

answer

Varies from slight discomfort to crushing pain No signs until collapse Signs and symptoms come and go before heart attack occurs Shortness of breath, jaw or back pain (left side), indigestion, nausea, vomiting Act quickly - early identification

question

Aspirin and Heart Attack

answer

Chew one uncoated adult aspirin

question

Nitroglycerin for Heart Attack

answer

Often prescribed for angina Assist victim who is prescribed Do not attempt if unresponsive

question

First Aid: Heart Attack

answer

1. 911 2. Comfy position 3. Ask about meds 4. Encourage victim to chew one uncoated adult aspirin 5. Stay with victim, reassure

question

Angina

answer

Chest pain caused by heart disease Pain lasts a few minutes People know if they have it Prescribed meds

question

Stroke

answer

Interruption of blood flow to the brain 911, medical attention immediately (Can decrease permanent damage) Time is critical - know what time the symptoms started

question

Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale

answer

1. Ask victim to smile 2. Ask victim to close eyes and raise both arms out in front of body 3. Ask victim to repeat a sentence "You can't teach an old dog new tricks"

question

First Aid: Stroke

answer

1. 911 2. Monitor 3. Lie on back, shoulders slightly raised 4. Loosen clothes 5. Turn victim's head on affected side

question

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

answer

Temporary interruption to blood flow to brain Similar signs as a stroke 911

question

Respiratory Distress

answer

Difficulty breathing Distress does not go away

question

First Aid: Respiratory Distress

answer

1. 911 2. Help into comfy position 3. If hyperventilating, ask to breathe slowly 4. Ask about meds 5. Stay with victim and monitor

question

First Aid: Hyperventilation

answer

1. No other cause 2. Reassure 3. 911 if doesn't return to normal

question

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

answer

Includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis May cause respiratory problems Follow first aid for respiratory distress

question

First Aid: Fainting

answer

1. Monitor breathing, ready for CPR 2. Lay down, raise legs 6-12" off ground, loosen clothing 3. Check for possible injuries (head) 4. Reassure

question

Types of Seizures

answer

1. Complex partial - person seems dazed, mumble or wander 2. Absence - person stares blankly, doesn't respond 3. Generalized tonic - convulsions, loses consciousness, muscle spasms 4. Febrile - caused by high fever in infants/children

question

First Aid: Seizures

answer

1. Prevent injury 2. Loosen clothing (check for med ID) 3. Turn to one side if vomiting 4. After seizure, keep airway open 5. Be reassuring

question

Altered Mental Status

answer

Changes in normal behavior Sign or results of injury or illness Common Causes: stroke seizures head injury fever poison diabetic emergency

question

Diabetic Emergencies

answer

Hypoglycemia (Low blood sugar) Hyperglycemia (High blood sugar)

question

First Aid: Hypoglycemia

answer

1. Confirm victim has diabetes. Look for medical ID 2. Give sugar 3. Give more sugar after 15 min if still feeling ill 4. 911 for unresponsive or significant symptoms

question

First Aid: Hyperglycemia

answer

1. 911 2. Early signs - hard to tell if low or high blood sugar (give sugar, if doesn't improve 911) 3. Later stage - 911 immediately

question

Poison

answer

Any substance that enters or touches the body with effects that injures Most accidental poisonings occur at home

question

Poison Control Center

answer

800-222-1222 Provide info and treatment advice

question

4 Ways Poison Enters the Body

answer

Swallow Injected Inhaled Absorbed

question

Poison Care

answer

Unresponsive - 911 Responsive - PCC

question

First Aid: Swallowed Poison

answer

1. Determine what was swallowed and how much 2. Responsive - PCC 3. Unresponsive - 911

question

First Aid: Food Poisoning

answer

1. Have victim rest 2. Clear fluids 3. Seek medical attention

question

First Aid: Inhaled Poisons/CO

answer

1. Get victim to fresh air 2. Call 911 3. Monitor and be ready for CPR 4. Unresponsive in recovery position

question

First Aid: Animal Bites

answer

1. Clean w/o soap and water (unless bleeding) 2. Control bleeding 3. Cover with dressing and bandage 4. Health care provider

question

Snake Bites - 4 common poisonous in US

answer

Rattesnakes Copperhead Cotton mouth Coral snake

question

First Aid: Snake Bite

answer

1. Have victim lie down, calm down and keep bite lower than heart 2. Call 911 3. Wash bite 4. Wrap with ACE bandage - top down, snug 5. Remove constricting items

question

Spider Bites - 2 common in US

answer

Black widow - red hourglass shape on abdomen Brown recluse - brown violin shape on back

question

First Aid: Spider Bites

answer

1. Breathing problems (brown recluse bite) - 911 2. Keep bite below heart 3. Wash with soap and water 4. Ice pack, 20 on 30 off

question

First Aid: Ticks

answer

1. Remove tick with tweezers close to skin, pull gently until tick lets go 2. Wash with soap and water 3. Antiseptic 4. Medical attention if flu-like symptoms begin

question

Ticks - Diseases it Carries

answer

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Lyme Disease

question

Marine Bites

answer

Stop bleeding Care for Shock Lifeguard 911

question

Stings

answer

Can cause difficulty breathing, shock, muscle paralysis, seizures

question

First Aid: Marine Stings

answer

1. Wash with vinegar for 30 sec 2. Remove any tentacles 3. No vinegar, use baking soda water mix 4. Reduce pain by soaking in hot water for 20 min 5. Pain returns - soak again 6. Call 911 if swelling around mouth, large area, difficulty breathing, or from box jelly sting

question

Three Conditions of Negligence

answer

1. You had a duty to act 2. You breached that duty 3. Your actions or inactions caused damage or injury

question

Respiratory System

answer

Gas exchange Possible emergencies: airway obstruction, airway swelling, punctured lung

question

Cardiovascular System

answer

Primary Organs: Heart, blood, blood vessels Transport blood to lungs Regulates body temperature Fluid balance Emergencies: Any condition that affects respiratory, severe bleeding, stroke, heart attack

question

Nervous System

answer

Brain, spinal cord, sensory receptors, nerves Function is sensory receptors gather info about environment and send to brain. Brain integrates and analyzes info and signals lead to actions. Emergencies: Head/spinal injury, stroke

question

Signs of Infection

answer

Wound area is red, swollen, and warm Pain Pus Fever Red streaks or trails on skin (call health care provider immediately)

question

When to Seek Medical Attention for a Wound...

answer

Severe bleeding Deep/large wound Face wounds Infected Bites Foreign objects in wound Puncture wounds Unknown tetanus Requires stitches (longer than 1 inch) Unsure about wound

question

Puncture Wound

answer

High risk of infection Irrigate the wound, press around wound to help promote bleeding (helps push fluid out), dressing, medical attention

question

Impaled Object

answer

Don't remove Dress wound around/over it Direct pressure around Stabilize and still Medical attention

question

Avulsion

answer

Try to move into normal position Control bleeding Provide wound care If completely separate, treat as amputation

question

Amputation

answer

Control bleeding, care for victim and wound Then recover and care for amputated part -wrap severed part in sterile dry dressing -place in plastic bag, sealed -Place in another container of ice -emergency personal

question

Genital Wound

answer

Provide privacy Use direct pressure to control external bleeding

question

Head and Face Wounds

answer

Possible neck or spinal damage Do not move head Scalp wound Never wrap around neck

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