question

Cigarette smoking among US adolescents:

answer

peaked in 1996 and has gradually declined since then.

question

In the last half of the twentieth century and the first several years of the twenty first century, US high school drop out rates:

answer

declined.

question

In the University of Michigan Monitoring the Future Study ____ percent of high school seniors said they had been in a vehicle with a drugged or drinking driver.

answer

30

question

According to Jean Piaget, around age 11, the fourth stage of cognitive development, the ___ stage, begins.

answer

formal operational

question

According to the study by Lloyd Johnston and his colleagues at the Institute of Social Research at the University of Michigan, monitoring the drug use of America's high school seniors in a wide range of public and private high schools, the percentage of illicit drug use:

answer

declined in the late 1990s

question

Who is the founder of the present field of cognitive development?

answer

Jean Piaget

question

In the sixth grade, early maturing girls show ___ with their figures than do late-maturing girls, but by the tenth grade late-maturing girls are more___.

answer

greater satisfaction; satisfied

question

Anorexia nervosa is about ___ likely to occur in females than males.

answer

10 times more

question

Leading researcher Charles Nelson proposed the view that, although adolescents are capable of very stong emotions, their prefrontal cortex has not adequately developed to the point at which the can control these passions. His view reflects the rapidly emerging field of ___, which involves connections between development, the brain, and socioemotional processes.

answer

social developmental neuroscience

question

___ learning is a form of education that promotes social responsibility and service to the community.

answer

Service

question

Which of the following has been found to be true about binge drinking?

answer

Binge drinking has declined among high school seniors since 1980.

question

In the Berkeley Longitudinal Study some years ago, early maturing boys perceived themselves ___ than did their late maturing counterparts. When the late maturing boys were in their thirties, however, they had developed a ___ than the early maturing boys had.

answer

more positively; stronger sense of identity

question

When Daniel Offer and his colleagues studied the self image of adolescents in the United States, Australia, Bangladesh, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Taiwan, Turkey, and West Germany, at least ___ percent of the adolescents displayed a healthy self image.

answer

73

question

Which of the following statements about the timing and variations in puberty is true?

answer

For girls, menarche is considered within the normal range if it appears between the ages of 9 and 15

question

According to the National Youth Risk Survey, ___ boys exercised the most and ___ girls exercised the least among adolescents in the US.

answer

non-latino White; African American

question

Identity development:

answer

gets done in bits and pieces.

question

Which of the following statements about identity development is true?

answer

Identity encompasses an individual's personality characteristics.

question

Most adolescents from ethnic minority groups develop a ___ identity.

answer

bicultural

question

Which of the following is the third leading cause of death in 10- to 19--year-olds today in the US?

answer

suicide

question

Late bloomers comprise approximately 10 percent of ___ who say that they have had no experience with romantic relationships.

answer

17- to 19-year-olds

question

At ___ years of age, romantic relations are characterized by strong emotional bonds more closely resembling those in adult romantic relationships.

answer

17 to 19

question

Adolescents who do not successfully resolve their identity crisis suffer from what Erikson calls ___.

answer

identity confusion

question

Early onset antisocial behavior:

answer

is associated with more mental health problems.

question

Identity ___ is the status of individuals who have made a commitment but not experienced a crisis.

answer

foreclosure

question

Which of the following statements about the trends in juvenile delinquency in the US is NOT true?

answer

About half of the delinquency caseloads in 2005 involve females.

question

___ are excessively self-centered and self-congratulatory, viewing their own needs and desires as paramount.

answer

Narcissists

question

A study of tenth graders revealed that:

answer

having more romantic experience was linked to a higher level of substance use and delinquency.

question

Results of a New Zealand longitudinal study that assessed the self esteem of adolescents at 11, 13, and 15 years of age and and adjustment and competence of the same individuals when they were 26 years old, indicated:

answer

that adults characterized by poorer mental and physical health were more likely to have low self esteem in adolescence than well adjusted, competent adults.

question

___ is defined as a period of identity development during which the individual is exploring alternatives.

answer

Crisis

question

A concensus is developing that the key changes in identity are more likely to take place at ___.

answer

18 to 25 years of age.

question

___ reflects an individual's personal investment in identity.

answer

Commitment

question

Which of the following are mainly driving the increased media use by adolescents?

answer

Mobile media

question

Though controversial, it is indicated that self esteem:

answer

declines in adolescent girls.

question

Obesity is ___ prevalent among women with low incomes than among women with high incomes.

answer

several times more.

question

A recent study revealed that college students from low SES backgrounds ___ than their higher SES counterparts.

answer

engaged in lower levels of physical activity

question

This concept, recently described by Phyllis Moen, reflects ingrained cultural beliefs that engaging in hard work for long hours through adulthood will produce a path to status, security, and happiness.

answer

The career mystique

question

Which if the follwoing is true about cigarette smoking?

answer

Children of smokers are at special risk for respiratory and middle ear diseases.

question

Nicotine is a ___.

answer

Stimulant

question

Most of us reach our peak physical performance:

answer

before the age of 30, often between the ages of 19 and 26.

question

Emerging adults have ___ chronic health problems, and the have ___ colds and respiratory problems than when they were children.

answer

few; fewer

question

According to Piaget, the ___ stage of cognitive development characterizes adults as well as adolescents.

answer

formal operational

question

In interviews with 12- to 22-year-olds about finding their purpose in life, William Damon found that:

answer

the largest percentage had engaged in some potentially purposeful activities but still did not have a real commitment or any reasonable plans for reaching their goals.

question

Binge drinking peaks at about:

answer

21 to 22 years of age.

question

When people gain weight, the number of their ___ cells increases.

answer

adipose

question

the weight you maintain when you make no effort to gain or lose weight is called your:

answer

set point.

question

According to a recent study, college students from low SES backgrounds ___ when compared to their higher SES counterparts.

answer

showed unhealthy weight control

question

In the United States, between 1980 and 2004 the percentage of Latinos and Asian Americans ___ in the workplace.

answer

more than doubled

question

One study explored links between health behavior and life satisfaction in more that 17,000 individuals 17 to 30 years of age in 21 countries. The young adults' life satisfaction was NOT found to be positively related to ___.

answer

alcohol consumption

question

Living together in a sexual relationship without being married is known as ___.

answer

cohabitation

question

Gayle's divorce was final last year. During the first year after the divorce, Gayle spent every evening after work in a singles bar. She had several casual affairs. Gayle can be classified as a(n):

answer

libertine

question

According to Robert J. Sternburg's triarchic theory of love, ___ relates to the emotional feelings of warmth, closeness, and sharing in a relationship.

answer

intimacy

question

Which of the following statements about marriage around the world is NOT true?

answer

Hungary encourages later marriage and a delay in childbearing.

question

___ love is also called eros.

answer

Romantic

question

According to E. Mavis Hetherington's research, the largest group of divorced people falls into the category of:

answer

the good enoughs.

question

A relationship marked by intimacy and commitment but low or lacking in passion is called ___, a pattern often found among couples who have been married for many years.

answer

affectionate love

question

The early stages of love have more ___ love ingredients.

answer

romantic

question

Data from 2009 indicate that in the US for the first time in history:

answer

the proportion of individuals 25 to 34 years of age who have never been married exceeded those who were married.

question

Deborah Tannen analyzed the talk of men and women and found that compared with women, men prefer to engage in ___ talk.

answer

report

question

Recent studies confirmed that ___ individuals showed strong ambivalence toward a romantic partner.

answer

Attachment-anxious

question

With regard to the timing of remarriage, in the United States:

answer

men tend to remarry sooner than women do.

question

A longitudinal study revealed that the 15 percent most inhibited boys and girls at age 4 to 6 years of age were rated as inhibited by their parents and:

answer

delayed having a stable partnership

question

___ love has strong components of sexuality and infatuation, and it often predominates the early part of a love relationship.

answer

Romantic

question

The ___ are characterized by individuals were motivated to find new mates as soon as possible after their divorce.

answer

seekers

question

Currently the average duration of marriage in the United States is just over ___ years.

answer

9

question

Which of the following is another name for romantic love?

answer

passionate love

question

Since the early 1900s, the goal of maintaining a stable marriage has:

answer

decreased in its level of relative importance.

question

According to studies, whichof the following is one of the most common sexual problems of older women?

answer

Lack of sexual interest

question

Which of the following is an example of a nonfatal disorder?

answer

Bursitis

question

John Horn maintains that in middle adulthood, ___ intelligence continues to increase.

answer

crystallized

question

On average, body fat accounts for about ___ of body weight in middle age.

answer

20 percent

question

Cholesterol comes in two forms ___ and HDL

answer

LDL

question

___ is a term that is used to describe the midlife transition in which fertility declines/

answer

Climacteric

question

Which of the following health issues is observed to occur at an above average rate to older African-Americans?

answer

High blood pressure

question

Hardening of the arteries is known as ___.

answer

Atherosclerosis

question

HDL is often referred to as ___ cholesterol.

answer

"good"

question

A girl's first menstruation is called ___.

answer

menarche

question

As discussed in Chapter 1, apart from chronological age, individuals may have all of the following age categorizations EXCEPT:

answer

anthropological age

question

The Seattle Longitudinal Study concluded that middle age is a time of:

answer

peak performance for verbal ability

question

Why is LDL referred to as "bad" cholesterol?

answer

High levels of LDL cause atherosclerosis

question

The average adult in middle adulthood ___ height and ___ weight.

answer

loses; gains

question

This type of white blood cell that is more likely to be present in low stress circumstances are referred to as ___.

answer

NK cells

question

Middle aged Americans agree that a major component of their well-being involves:

answer

positive relationships

question

One study by Sharp & others revealed that ___ was related to superior cognitive functioning and IQ across the life span.

answer

openness

question

In a recent study by Cox & others, ___ was strongly linked to a middle aged adults positive social engagement in contexts such as family life and community activities.

answer

generativity

question

According to Lachmann, researchers have found that on average a sense of personal control peaks in ___ and then declines.

answer

midlife

question

Stages of adulthood in the Gusii culture of Kenya are defined by:

answer

events in a person's life

question

In a survey conducted by AARP (2004), the primary reason middle aged and older women cited for wanting a divorce was:

answer

verbal, physical, or emotional abuse.

question

Cohorts refer to:

answer

groups of individuals born in the same year or time period.

question

According to Levinson, the changes to middle-adulthood requires that the adult male come to grips with four major conflicts. Which of the following is NOT one of these major conflicts?

answer

Being attractive versus being unattractive.

question

In a survey conducted by AARP (2004), ___ percent of the divorced women said they initiated the divorce compared with only ___ oercent of the divorced men.

answer

66; 41

question

Factors at age 50 that were linked with being in the "happy-well" group at age 75 to 80 years of age included all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

being wealthy

question

The majority of sibling relationships in adulthood are ___.

answer

close

question

The timetable according to which individuals are expected to accomplish life's tasks, such as getting married, having children, or establishing themselves in a career is known as the ___.

answer

social clock

question

Almost half of the grandchildren who move in with grandparents are raised by:

answer

a single grandmother

question

According to Helson's Mills College Study, women who did not commit themselves to one of the lifestyle patterns (family-oriented, career oriented, and those who followed neither path):

answer

faced fewer challenges and did not develop as fully as the other women.

question

Cohort effects are differences based on:

answer

historical contexts

question

According to research by Rossi, which of the following were found to have the closest relationships during their adult years?

answer

Mothers and daughters

question

In the ___ style of grandparenting, the grandparent perform what was considered to be a proper and prescribed role; these grandparents show a strong interest in their grandchildren but are careful not to give child rearing advice.

answer

formal

question

A meta analysis revealed that ___ was linked to pursuing entrepreneurial goals such as starting a new business, and to success in those pursuits.

answer

openness

question

Exercise can reduce the risk of all of the following conditions EXCEPT:

answer

type 1 diabetes

question

___ are the most noticeable changes in physical appearance in late adulthood.

answer

Wrinkles and age spots

question

___ involves an extensive loss of bone tissue.

answer

Osteoporosis

question

The oldest-old today are mostly:

answer

female.

question

Researchers have extended the life of a human cell by:

answer

injecting it with telomerase.

question

A person with ___ does not feel well, loses stamina easily, has a poor appetite, and is listless and unmotivated.

answer

major depression

question

Which of the following is the main treatment for Parkinson in the earlier stages?

answer

Dopamine agonists

question

Perceptual speed shows considerable decline in late adulthood and is strongly linked with declines in ___.

answer

working memory

question

Which of the following is a drug that is used in the treatment of Parkinson disease?

answer

L-dopa

question

A person's knowledge about the world is called ___ memory.

answer

semantic

question

___ are the culture based "software programs" of the mind.

answer

Cognitive pragmatics

question

___, which is closely linked to short term memory, is like a place for doing mental jobs and allows children and adults to manipulate and assemble information when making decisions, problem solving, and comprehending written and spoken language.

answer

working memory

question

The concept of ___ enphasizes that changes in cognitive activity patterns might result in disuse and consequent atrophy of cognitive skills.

answer

"use it or lose it"

question

The term Baltes uses to describe the "hardware" of the mind, meaning the neurophysiological architecture if the brain through evolution is:

answer

cognitive mechanics

question

On average, today's workers in the United States will spend ___ to ___ of their lives in retirement.

answer

10 percent; 15 percent

question

It is observed that respect for older adults is greater in ___ cultures than ___ cultures.

answer

collectivistic; individualistic

question

According to Erikson, the ___ stage of development involves reflecting on the past and either piecing together a positive review or concluding that one's life has not been well spent.

answer

integrity versus despair

question

Adult daughters are ___ times more likely than adult sons to give parents assistance with daily living activities.

answer

three

question

A survey across a range of 21 developed and developing countries revealed that a majority of adults in their sixties and seventies reported:

answer

being in control of their lives.

question

The ___ issue raises questions about whether the young should be required to pay for the old.

answer

generational equity

question

According to the socioemotional selectivity theory, the trajectory for knowledge related goals declines during:

answer

middle and late adulthood

question

The majority of older adults living alone are widowed, encompassing ___ times as many women as men.

answer

three

question

According to the socioemotional selectivity theory, the trajectory of motivation for knowledge related goals peak in:

answer

adolescence and early adulthood

question

___ percent of women 75 years and older live alone.

answer

fifty

question

___ theory describes how people can produce new resources and allocate them effectively to the tasks they want to master.

answer

Selective optimization with compensation

question

Life span developmentalist Paul Baltes and his colleagues believe that successful agin is related to three main factors:

answer

selection, optimization, and compensation

question

Prejudice against others because of their age, especially prejudice against older adults, is known as ___.

answer

ageism

question

In 2010, ___ percent of older adults in the United States were living in poverty.

answer

9

question

In 2010, ___ percent of single, divorced, or widowed women 65 years and older lived in poverty.

answer

19

question

According to the socioemotional selectivity theory, individuals are motivated by teo types of goals- emotional and:

answer

knowledge-related

question

Approximately ___ f the total health bill of the United States is for the care of adults 65 and over, who comprise only 12 percent of the population.

answer

one-third

question

___ illness often follows a pattern of an acute period that may require hospitalization, followed by a longer period of remission, and then repetitions of this pattern.

answer

Chronic

question

A recent meta analysis of 128 studies found that through reminiscence therapy, clients attained a:

answer

higher sense of integrity

question

The Women's Health Initiative Study of Widowhood was a 3-year longitudinal study designed to examine all of the aspects of widows EXCEPT:

answer

community relations

question

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) occurs when an infant:

answer

stops breathing, usually during the night, and dies without apparent cause.

question

In general, maintenance of ties with the deceased is an accepted practice in:

answer

Japan

question

In the ___ stage of dying, the dying person's question is, "Why me?"

answer

anger

question

In the United States, in 2007, ___ percent of corpses were disposed of by burial.

answer

66

question

A study of more than 1000 college students by Currier, Holland and Neimeyer found that ___ was an important factor in their grieving a violent loss by accident, homicide, or suicide.

answer

making sense

question

In 1900, most people died:

answer

at home, cared for by their family.

question

Sometimes euthanasia is called:

answer

"mercy killing"

question

According to Kubler-Ross, during the ___ stage of dying the realization of loss is great and those who symbolize life, energy, and competent functioning are especially salient targets of the dying person's resentment and jealousy.

answer

anger

question

Most psychologists believe that it is best for dying individuals to:

answer

know they are dying

question

___ can be used to avoid the destructive impact of shock by delaying the necessity of dealing with one's death.

answer

Denial

question

___ is a program committed to making the end of life as free from pain anxiety, and depression as possible.

answer

Hospice

question

An intermittent, recurrent wish or need to recover the deceased person is known as ___.

answer

pining

question

In Harrington & Smith's study of patients with advanced cancer. only ___ of doctors told patients how long they were likely to live.

answer

37 percent

question

___ refers to a legal document that reflects the patient's advance care planning.

answer

Living will

question

Most psychologists emphasize that ___ is the best strategy in discussing death with children.

answer

honesty

question

Brain death occurs when:

answer

all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time.

question

According to Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, which of the following is the first stage of dying?

answer

Denial and isolation

question

A recent Belgian study by Van Wesemael & others found that approximately ___ percent of the requests for euthanasia were granted.

answer

50

question

Hospice advocates underscore that it is possible to:

answer

Control pain for almost any dying individual.

question

A(n) ___ states such preferences as whether life-sustaining procedures should or should not be used to prolong life of an individual when death is imminent.

answer

advance directive

question

An estimated ___ percent of survivors experience normal or uncomplicated grief reactions that include sadness and even disbelief or considerable anguish.

answer

80 to 90

question

The type of care that is designed to reduce pain and suffering and help individuals die with dignity is known as:

answer

palliative care

question

Hospices are more likely to serve people with ___ than those with other life-threatening conditions:

answer

terminal cancer

question

In the Tanala culture of Madagascar, death is believed to be caused by:

answer

natural forces

question

In the United States, in 2007, burial, ___ percent of corpses were disposed of by cremation.

answer

34

question

This type of grief involves enduring despair that is still unresolved over an extended period of time has been labeled ___ disorder by Holly Prigerson and her colleagues.

answer

prolonged grief

question

Active euthanasia is legal in the state of:

answer

Oregon

question

The ___ portions of the brain often die sooner than the ___ portions.

answer

higher, lower

question

In Jewish tradition, the 30-day period following the burial including shivah is known as ___.

answer

sheloshim

question

At which age do infants have the highest risk of dying from SIDS?

answer

2 to 4 months of age

question

Currently in the United States, 90 percent of hospice care is provided:

answer

in the patients' homes

question

In the Gond culture of India, death is believed to be caused by:

answer

magic and demons

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