General Psychology Exam 5 (part 2) – Flashcards
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Psychological disorders that can be overcome with techniques such as counterconditioning are most likely to be treated with A) free association. B) psychotherapy. C) client-centered therapy. D) psychoanalysis.
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psychotherapy
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The treatment of serious psychological disorders with prescribed medications or medical procedures that directly influence the nervous system is called A) systematic desensitization. B) cognitive-behavioral therapy. C) psychodynamic therapy. D) biomedical therapy.
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biomedical therapy
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An eclectic approach to psychotherapy is one that A) treats patients with drugs. B) emphasizes the importance of free association. C) involves treatment in a group setting. D) uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic techniques.
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uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic techniques
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Dr. Byrne is a clinical psychologist who often uses operant conditioning techniques to treat her clients. She also encourages them to modify their thought patterns, and on occasion she interprets their transference behaviors. Dr. Byrne's therapeutic approach would best be described as A) humanistic. B) psychoanalytic. C) behavioral. D) eclectic.
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eclectic
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The first psychological therapy was introduced by A) Joseph Wolpe. B) Sigmund Freud. C) Aaron Beck. D) Carl Rogers.
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sigmund freud
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Helping people gain insight into the unconscious origins of their disorder is a central aim of A) cognitive therapies. B) systematic desensitization. C) a token economy. D) psychoanalysis.
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psychoanalysis
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Which of the following approaches to therapy would most likely involve efforts to understand an adult's psychological disorder by exploring that person's childhood experiences? A) psychoanalysis B) behavior therapy C) humanistic therapy D) cognitive therapy
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psychoanalysis
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A central therapeutic technique of psychoanalysis is A) stress inoculation training. B) systematic desensitization. C) active listening. D) free association.
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free association
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A psychoanalyst who notes the supposed meaning of a patient's dream in order to provide the patient with new insight is engaging in A) transference. B) interpretation. C) counterconditioning. D) free association.
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interpretation
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An important component of psychoanalysis is A) active listening. B) dream analysis. C) unconditional positive regard. D) systematic desensitization.
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dream analysis
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Transference refers to a client's A) conversion of psychological conflicts into physical and behavioral disorders. B) expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier life relationships. C) replacement of self-centeredness with a genuine concern for others. D) translation of threatening dream content into nonthreatening images.
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expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier life relationships
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Lynn has begun to buy small gifts for her therapist, and she feels extremely jealous of the time he spends with his other patients. To a psychoanalyst, this is most indicative of A) unconditional positive regard. B) resistance. C) transference. D) free association.
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transference
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Which form of therapy has been criticized for offering interpretations that cannot be proven or disproven? A) client-centered therapy B) psychoanalysis C) cognitive-behavioral therapy D) systematic desensitization
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psychoanalysis
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Helping patients gain perspective on feelings they seem to be defending against is a major goal of A) systematic desensitization. B) psychodynamic therapy. C) a token economy. D) cognitive therapy.
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psychodynamic therapy
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Psychodynamic therapy techniques involve efforts to understand patients' current symptoms by focusing on recurring patterns in their A) interpersonal relationships. B) sexual dysfunctions. C) eating habits and drug use. D) self-blaming explanations.
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interpersonal relationships
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Nate's past relationships with his mother, his former wife, and his previous employer have been characterized by common patterns of resentment and emotional detachment. Helping Nate to gain insight into these recurring relationship patterns would be of greatest concern to a practitioner of A) behavior therapy. B) biomedical therapy. C) psychodynamic therapy. D) humanistic therapy.
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psychodynamic therapy
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Which form of therapy would most likely help depressed patients by teaching them how to resolve disagreements with their friends? A) systematic desensitization B) interpersonal psychotherapy C) humanistic therapy D) cognitive therapy
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interpersonal psychotherapy
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Insight therapies aim to improve psychological functioning by A) discouraging people from using antidepressant drugs. B) using progressive relaxation to reduce anxiety. C) increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses. D) using personality tests to accurately diagnose the person's difficulties.
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increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses
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Unlike psychodynamic therapists, humanistic therapists tend to focus on the ________ more than the ________. A) present; future B) past; present C) present; past D) past; future
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present; past
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Humanistic therapists are likely to teach clients to A) focus more on other people's feelings than on their own. B) adapt more readily to social norms and expectations. C) imitate the behavior of others who are happy and successful. D) take more responsibility for their own feelings and actions.
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take more responsibility for their own feelings and actions
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Instead of focusing on unconscious thoughts and impulses, ________ therapies focus on conscious thoughts and self-perceptions. A) behavior B) humanistic C) biomedical D) psychodynamic
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humanistic
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Client-centered therapy was developed by A) Aaron Beck. B) Joseph Wolpe. C) Albert Ellis. D) Carl Rogers.
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carl rogers
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Carl Rogers encouraged therapists to foster client growth by exhibiting A) resistance, transference, and interpretation. B) insight, progressive relaxation, and adaptive habits. C) genuineness, acceptance, and empathy. D) self-awareness, self-acceptance, and self-fulfillment.
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genuineness, acceptance, and empathy
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Which therapeutic approach relies most heavily on patients' discovering their own ways of effectively dealing with their difficulties? A) psychoanalysis B) cognitive therapy C) systematic desensitization D) client-centered therapy
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client-centered therapy
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Carl Rogers encouraged client-centered therapists to ________ during the process of therapy. A) clearly communicate their diagnosis of a client's disorder B) genuinely express their own true feelings C) explain the immediate causes of a client's difficulties D) identify a hierarchy of the client's anxiety-arousing experiences
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genuinely express their own true feelings
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Empathic understanding of the patient's subjective experiences is a major goal of A) psychoanalysis. B) biomedical therapy. C) client-centered therapy. D) behavior therapy.
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client-centered therapy
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Echoing, restating, and clarifying what a client expresses is most central to the process of A) systematic desensitization. B) counterconditioning. C) free association. D) active listening.
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active listening
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An important feature of client-centered therapy is A) systematic desensitization. B) transference. C) free association. D) active listening.
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active listening
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When Murli told his therapist, ìI came to see what you could do for me,î the therapist responded, ìIt sounds like you're feeling you need some help. Am I right?î The therapist's response illustrates the technique of A) transference. B) free association. C) active listening. D) systematic desensitization.
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active listening
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Carl Rogers referred to a caring, nonjudgmental attitude as A) active listening. B) free association. C) unconditional positive regard. D) positive reinforcement.
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unconditional positive regard
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The healing power of insight and self-awareness is LEAST likely to be emphasized by A) cognitive therapies. B) psychodynamic therapy. C) behavior therapies. D) humanistic therapies.
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behavior therapies
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Psychological research on the principles of learning has most directly influenced the development of A) behavior therapies. B) humanistic therapies. C) psychodynamic therapy. D) cognitive therapies.
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behavior therapy
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In classical conditioning therapies, maladaptive symptoms are usually considered to be A) unconditioned stimuli. B) conditioned stimuli. C) unconditioned responses. D) conditioned responses.
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conditioned responses
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To reduce a patient's fear of certain medical procedures, a therapist repeatedly paired the sight of a hypodermic needle that triggered a learned fear response with the taste of chocolate that triggered an unlearned sense of pleasure. The therapist was most clearly using a technique involving A) unconditional positive regard. B) a token economy. C) classical conditioning. D) free association.
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classical conditioning
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In one treatment for bed-wetting, the child sleeps on a liquid-sensitive pad that when wet, triggers an alarm and awakens the child. This treatment is a form of A) biomedical therapy. B) cognitive therapy. C) behavior therapy. D) humanistic therapy.
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behavior therapy
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A procedure that trains people to make new responses to stimuli that currently trigger unwanted responses is called A) free association. B) transference. C) counterconditioning. D) unconditional positive regard.
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counterconditioning
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Two counterconditioning techniques for replacing unwanted responses are A) systematic desensitization and free association. B) interpersonal psychotherapy and stress inoculation training. C) unconditional positive regard and transference. D) aversive conditioning and exposure therapy.
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aversive conditioning and exposure therapy
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Benny's mother tries to reduce his fear of sailing by giving the 3-year-old his favorite candy as soon as they board the boat. The mother's strategy best illustrates A) counterconditioning. B) cognitive therapy. C) transference. D) interpersonal psychotherapy.
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counterconditioning
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According to Mary Cover Jones, 3-year-old Peter lost his fear of rabbits when one was repeatedly presented while he was eating his midafternoon snack. This episode best illustrated the potential usefulness of A) cognitive therapy. B) exposure therapies. C) free association. D) transference.
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exposure therapies
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Reducing patients' anxiety by having them repeatedly experience in safe settings the things they fear and often avoid is most central to A) a token economy. B) exposure therapies. C) free association. D) aversive conditioning.
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exposure therapies
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Which of the following is a type of exposure therapy? A) family therapy B) stress inoculation training C) systematic desensitization D) interpersonal psychotherapy
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systematic desensitization
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Systematic desensitization is a form of ________, which is a type of ________. A) transference; interpersonal psychotherapy B) stress inoculation training; biomedical therapy C) free association; cognitive therapy D) counterconditioning; behavior therapy
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counterconditioning; behavior therapy
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Systematic desensitization involves A) depriving a client access to an addictive drug. B) associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences. C) replacing a positive response to a harmful stimulus with a negative response. D) associating a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli.
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associating a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli
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Systematic desensitization is based on the idea that _____ in fear-provoking situations can gradually eliminate anxiety. A) self-awareness B) free association C) relaxation D) active listening
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relaxation
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Relaxing one muscle group after another until one achieves a completely relaxed state of comfort is called ________ relaxation. A) simulated B) systematic C) progressive D) unconditional
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progressive
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Jonathan is afraid to ask a girl for a date, so his therapist instructs him to relax and simply imagine he is reaching for his cell phone and then calling a potential date. The therapist's technique best illustrates the process of A) interpersonal psychotherapy. B) transference. C) cognitive therapy. D) systematic desensitization.
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systematic desensitization
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Which of the following behavior therapy techniques has been used to help people overcome a fear of flying? A) aversive conditioning B) transference C) virtual reality exposure therapy D) the double-blind procedure
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virtual reality exposure therapy
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Systematic desensitization involves replacing a negative response with a positive response, whereas ________ involves replacing a positive response with a negative response. A) transference B) operant conditioning C) aversive conditioning D) interpersonal psychotherapy
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aversive conditioning
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In treating alcohol use disorder, therapists have clients consume alcohol that contains a nausea-producing drug. This technique is known as A) operant conditioning. B) systematic desensitization. C) aversive conditioning. D) transference.
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aversive conditioning
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To help Claire quit smoking, a therapist delivers an electric shock to her arm each time she starts to smoke a cigarette. The therapist is using A) aversive conditioning. B) systematic desensitization. C) cognitive-behavioral therapy. D) stress inoculation training.
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aversive conditioning
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Therapists practice ________ by using positive reinforcers to reward closer and closer approximations of a desired behavior. A) free association B) progressive relaxation C) behavior modification D) unconditional positive regard
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behavior modification
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Reinforcing desired behaviors and withholding reinforcement for undesired behaviors is most central to the process of A) classical conditioning. B) free association. C) behavior modification. D) progressive relaxation.
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behavior modification
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Mrs. Coleman is a withdrawn schizophrenia patient. To help her become more socially active, institutional staff members give her small plastic cards whenever she talks to someone. She is allowed to exchange these cards for candy and cigarettes. Staff members are making use of A) active listening. B) systematic desensitization. C) a token economy. D) classical conditioning.
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a token economy
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The technique reduces people to puppets controlled by therapists! It doesn't respect human freedom. This criticism is most likely to be directed at A) systematic desensitization. B) client-centered therapy. C) psychoanalysis. D) a token economy.
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a token economy
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The assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions is most clearly central to A) progressive relaxation. B) cognitive therapies. C) behavior modification. D) exposure therapies.
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cognitive therapies
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Which therapeutic approach emphasizes that people are often disturbed because of their negative interpretations of events? A) client-centered therapy B) systematic desensitization C) cognitive therapy D) aversive conditioning
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cognitive therapy
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Cognitive therapies would be most likely to encourage depressed clients to A) carefully observe the negative consequences of their depression. B) take more personal responsibility for their own negative feelings and actions. C) stop blaming themselves for negative circumstances beyond their control. D) identify a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences.
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stop blaming themselves for negative circumstances beyond their control
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Several years after his wife's death, Mr. Stattler remains incapacitated by feelings of guilt and sadness. To reduce Mr. Stattler's depression, a therapist is actively encouraging him to stop blaming himself for not being able to prevent his wife's death. The therapist's approach is most representative of A) systematic desensitization. B) psychodynamic therapy. C) cognitive therapy. D) client-centered therapy.
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cognitive therapy
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The relentless rehearsal of overgeneralized, self-blaming thoughts by depressed clients is called A) aversive conditioning. B) catastrophizing. C) systematic desensitization. D) transference.
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catastrophizing
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Training people to actively dispute their own self-defeating ideas best illustrates A) psychoanalysis. B) behavior therapy. C) cognitive therapy. D) client-centered therapy.
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cognitive therapy
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Stress inoculation training focuses on helping people to A) associate unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences. B) replace negative self-talk with more positive comments. C) associate a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli. D) establish empathic, caring relationships with others.
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replace negative self-talk with more positive comments
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Athletic instruction that teaches swimmers to think ìhigh elbowî during swimming competitions best illustrates the application of ________ therapy techniques to sports training programs. A) exposure B) cognitive C) client-centered D) biomedical
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cognitive
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Which form of therapy most directly encourages clients to question their reasoning, decatastrophize their thinking, and reattribute responsibility for past outcomes? A) humanistic therapy B) behavior therapy C) cognitive therapy D) psychodynamic therapy
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cognitive therapy
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A therapist may encourage a client to change from thinking ìI totally failed my exercise training programî to ìI fell short of some training goals but I can make some specific changes in my schedule to succeed next time.î This technique is used in A) psychoanalysis. B) cognitive therapy. C) client-centered therapy. D) a token economy.
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cognitive therapy
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An integrative therapy that aims to modify both self-defeating thinking and maladaptive actions is known as A) a token economy. B) client-centered therapy. C) behavior modification. D) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
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cognitive-behavioral therapy
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Melanie's therapist suggests that when she feels anxious, she should attribute her arousal to her highly reactive nervous system and shift her attention to playing a game with her 5-year-old son. This suggestion best illustrates A) systematic desensitization. B) cognitive-behavioral therapy. C) client-centered therapy. D) psychodynamic therapy.
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cognitive-behavioral therapy
