8th Grade Math Final Exam Study Guide – Flashcards
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Volume of a Cone
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v = 1/3 radius^2 x height
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Volume of a Cylinder
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v = radius^2 x height
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Legs
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In a right triangle, the sides that include the right angle, in an isosceles triangle, the pair of congruent sides.
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Outlier
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A value much greater or much less than the others in a data set.
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Input
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The value substituted into an expression or function.
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Domain
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The set of all possible input values of a function.
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Reciprocal
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One of two numbers whose product is 1; also called multiplicative input.
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Power
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A number produced by raising a base to an exponent.
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Slope
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A measure of the steepness of a line; the rise divided by the run.
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Substitute
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To replace a variable with number or another expression in an algebraic expression.
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Scale Factor
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The ratio used to enlarge or reduce similar figures.
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Y- Axis
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The vertical axis on a coordinate plane.
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Terminating Decimal
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A decimal number that terminates.
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Point
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An exact location in a space.
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Principal Square Root
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The nonnegative square root of a number.
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Function
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An input-output relationship that has exactly one output for each input.
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Evaluate
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To find the value of a numerical or algebraic expression.
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Alternate Interior Angles
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A pair of angles on the inner side of two lines of transversal that are on opposite sides of the transversal.
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Absolute Value
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The distance of a number from zero on a number line; shown by I I.
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Transformation
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A change in the size or position of a figure.
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Translation
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A movement (slide) of a figure along a straight line.
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Radius
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A line segment with one endpoint at the center of the circle and the other endpoint on the circle.
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Right Angle
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An angle that measures 90 degrees.
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Like Terms
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2 or more terms that have the same variable, raised to the same power.
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Ordered Pair
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A pair of numbers that can be used to locate a point on a coordinate plane.
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Clockwise
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A circular movement to the right.
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Constant
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A value that does not change.
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Transversal
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A line that intersects two or more lines.
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X- Axis
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The horizontal axis on a coordinate plane.
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Similar Figures
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Figures with the same shape but not necessarily the same size.
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Run
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The horizontal change when the slope of a line is expressed as the ratio rise / run.
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Exponent
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The number that indicates how many times the base is used as a factor.
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Equation
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A mathematical sentence that shows that two expressions are equivalent.
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Acute Angle
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An angle that measures less than 90 degrees.
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Alternate Exterior Angles
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A pair of angles on the outer side of the two lines cut by a transversal that are on opposite sides of the transversal.
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Y- Intercept
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The Y coordinate of the point where the graph of a line crosses the Y- axis.
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Central Angle
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An angle formed by two radii with its vertex on the center of the circle.
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Square Root
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One of the two equal factors of a number.
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Volume of a Sphere
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V = 4/3 x Pi x radius^3
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Function Table
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A table of ordered pairs that represent solutions of a function.
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Hypotenuse
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In a right triangle, the side opposite the right angle.
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No Correlation
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Two data sets have no correlation when there is no relationships between their data values.
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Coordinate Plane
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A plane formed by the intersection of a horizontal number line called the X-axis and a vertical umber line called the Y-axis.
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FOIL
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An acronym for terms used when multiplying two binomials: the First, Inner, Outer, and Last.
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Factor
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A number that is multiplied by another number to get a product.
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Repeating Decimal
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A decimal in which one or more digits repeat infinitely.
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Reflection
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A transformation of a figure that flips the figure across a line.
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Perfect Square
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A square of a whole number.
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Origin
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The point where the x-axis and y-axis intersect on the coordinate plane.
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Congruent
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Having the same size and shape.
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Coefficient
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The number that is multiplied by the variable in an algebraic expression.
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Solution Set
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The set of values that make a statement true.
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Standard Form
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ax + by + c = 0
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Scientific Notation
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A method of writing very large or small numbers by using powers of 10.
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Slope Intercept Form
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A linear equation written in the form of y = mx + b where m represents slope and b represents the y intercept.
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Inequality
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A mathematical sentence that shows the relationship between quantities that are not equivalent.
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Image
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A figure resulting from a transformation.
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Adjacent Angles
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Angles in the same plane that have a common vertex and a common side.
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Coordinate
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One of the numbers of an ordered pair that locate a point on a coordinate graph.
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Chord
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A segment with its endpoints on a circle.
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Point- Slope Formula
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The equation of line in the form of y - y1 = x - x1 where m is the slope.
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Rise
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The vertical change when the slope of a line is expressed as the ratio rise / run.
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Rotation
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A transformation in which a figure is turned around a point.
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Irrational Number
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A number that cannot be expressed as a ratio of two integers or as a terminating or repeating decimal.
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Integers
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The set of whole numbers and their opposites.
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Diameter
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A line segment that passes through the center of a circle and has endpoints on the circle.
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Dilation
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A transformation that enlarges or reduces a figure.
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Degree of a Polynomial
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The highest power of the variable in a polynomial.
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X- Coordinate
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The first number in an ordered pair; it tells the distance to move left or right from the origin.
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Range of a Function
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The set of all possible output values of a function.
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Solution of a System of Equations
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A set of values that make all equations in a system true.
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Linear Equation
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An equation whose solution form a straight line on a coordinate plane.
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Interior Angles
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Angles on the interior sides of two lines cut by a transversal.
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Vertical Angles
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A pair of opposite congruent angles formed by intersecting lines.
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Unit Rate
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A rate in which the second quantity in the comparison is one unit.
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Rational Number
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Any number that can be expressed as a ratio of two integers.
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Radical Symbol
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The symbol used to represent the nonnegative square root of a number.
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Corresponding Angles
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Matching angles of two or more polygons.
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Scatter Plot
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A graph with points plotted to show a possible relationship between two sets of data.
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Y- Coordinate
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The second number in an ordered pair; it tells the distance to move up or down from the origin.
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Quadratic Function
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A function of the form y = ax^2 + bx^2 + c where a is not equal to zero.
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Dimensions of a Matrix
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The number of horizontal rows and vertical columns in a matrix.
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Real Number
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A rational or irrational number.
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Quadrant
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The X and Y axes divide the coordinate plane into four regions.
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Output
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The value that results from the substitution of a given input into an expression or function.
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Parabola
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The graph of a quadratic function.
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Direct Variation
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A relationship between two variables in which the data increase or decrease at a constant rate.
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Corresponding Sides
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Matching sides of two or more polygons.
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Inscribed Angle
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An angle formed by two chords with its vertex on a circle.
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Circumference
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The distance around a circle.
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Boundary Line
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The set of points where the two sides of a two-variable linear inequality are equal.
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Perimeter
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The distance around a polygon.
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Nonterminating Decimal
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A decimal that never ends.
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Nonlinear Function
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A function whose graph is not a straight line.
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Line of Best Fit
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A straight line that comes closest to the points of a scatter plot.
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Pi
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The ratio of the circumference of a circle to the length of its diameter.
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Counterclockwise
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A circular movement to the left.
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Complementary Angles
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Two angles whose measures add up to 90 degrees.
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Graph
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A set of points and the line segments or arcs that connect the points.
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Linear Function
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A function whose graph is a straight line.
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Algebraic Expression
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An expression that contains at least one variable.
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Perpendicular Lines
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Lines that intersect to form right angles.
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Pythagorean Theorem
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In a right triangle, the square of the length that is equal to the sum of the square of the lengths of the legs.
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Congruent Angles
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Angles that have the same measures.
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Expression
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A mathematical phrase that contains operations, numbers, and/or variables.
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X- Intercept
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The X coordinate of the point where the graph of a line crosses the X axis.
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Supplementary Angles
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Two angles whose measures have a sum of 180 degrees.
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Negative Correlation
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Two data sets have this correlation if one set of data values increase while the other increases while the other decreases.
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Positive Correlation
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Two data sets have this correlation when their data values increase or decrease together.
