52 psyph – Flashcards

Psychological disorders that researchers believe are learned, such as phobias, are most likely to be treated with a.meta-analysis. b.psychotherapy. c.aversive conditioning. d.psychoanalysis.

The treatment of serious psychological disorders with prescribed medications or medical procedures that directly influence the nervous system is called a.systematic desensitization. b.cognitive-behavioral therapy. c.psychodynamic therapy. d.biomedical therapy

Which of the following best illustrates a form of psychotherapy? a.systematic desensitization b.electroconvulsive therapy c.psychosurgery d.rTMS

A therapist who takes an eclectic approach is one who a.prescribes the use of drugs as part of psychotherapy. b.emphasizes that active listening is the major technique in all effective therapies. c.prefers to engage in therapy in a group setting. d.uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic approaches

Dr. Byrne is a clinical psychologist who often uses operant conditioning techniques to treat her clients. She also encourages them to modify their thought patterns, and on occasion she interprets their transference behaviors. Dr. Byrne's therapeutic approach would best be described as a.biomedical. b.psychoanalytic. c.behavioral. d.eclectic

The first psychological therapy was introduced by a.Joseph Wolpe. b.Sigmund Freud. c.Aaron Beck. d.Carl Rogers.

Helping people gain insight into the unconscious origins of their disorder is a central aim of a.cognitive therapies. b.systematic desensitization. c.light exposure therapy. d.psychoanalysis. Add

Mr. Choi's therapist wants to help him become aware of his conflicting childhood feelings of love and hate for his parents. The therapist's goal best reflects a primary aim of a.client-centered therapy. b.cognitive therapy. c.psychoanalysis. d.systematic desensitization.

Which of the following therapists would most likely try to understand an adult's psychological disorder by exploring that person's childhood experiences? a.a psychoanalyst b.a behavior therapist c.a humanistic therapist d.a cognitive therapist

A central therapeutic technique of psychoanalysis is a.stress inoculation training. b.systematic desensitization. c.active listening. d.free association. Add

When Molly told her therapist about her frightening car accident, the therapist instructed her to close her eyes and verbalize any further thoughts stimulated by this experience, even if they were scary or embarrassing. The therapist was making use of a technique known as a.active listening. b.transference. c.systematic desensitization. d.free association. Add

According to psychoanalysts, resistance refers to the a. expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier relationships. b.blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material during therapy. c.replacement of a genuine concern for others with self-centeredness. d.conversion of psychological conflicts into physical and behavioral disorders. Add

Who would be most likely to expect that patients are often motivated to resist retelling a recent dream? a.a humanistic therapist b.a psychoanalyst c.a behavior therapist d.a cognitive therapist Add

During psychotherapy, Leon would begin to stutter whenever he began discussing personally sensitive thoughts. Sigmund Freud would have been likely to interpret this stuttering as a. neurogenesis. b.tardive dyskinesia. c.a placebo effect. d.resistance.

An important component of psychoanalysis is a.active listening. b.dream analysis. c.spontaneous recovery. d.systematic desensitization.

Transference refers to a client's a.conversion of psychological conflicts into physical and behavioral disorders. b.expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier life relationships. c.replacement of self-centeredness with a genuine concern for others. d.translation of threatening dream content into nonthreatening images.

Lynn has begun to buy small gifts for her therapist, and she feels extremely jealous of the time he spends with his other patients. To a psychoanalyst, this is most indicative of a.unconditional positive regard. b.the placebo effect. c.transference. d.free association.

Psychoanalysts are most likely to view patient transference as a. a symptom of depression. b.a sign of healthy personality development. c.a potential aid to the patient in developing insight. d.evidence that no further therapy is needed.

Which form of therapy has been criticized for offering interpretations that cannot be proven or disproven? a. client-centered therapy b.psychoanalysis c.cognitive-behavioral therapy d.systematic desensitization

Psychoanalysts would be most likely to discourage patients from a. experiencing strong positive or negative feelings for their therapist. b.discontinuing psychotherapy whenever they felt it was no longer necessary. c.talking about anxiety-arousing material during therapy. d.taking antianxiety drugs during the course of psychotherapy

In the United States, managed health care has limited the number of psychotherapy sessions that may be covered by insurance. This is particularly likely to discourage the widespread practice of a.virtual reality exposure therapy. b.behavior modification. c.cognitive therapies. d.psychoanalysis.

Psychodynamic therapy is ________ than traditional psychoanalysis. a. less effective b.briefer c.more expensive d.less commonly used Add Question Here Multiple Choice 0 p

Psychodynamic therapies try to understand patients' current symptoms by focusing on recurring patterns in their a.interpersonal relationships. b.sexual disorders. c.eating habits and drug use. d.self-blaming explanations.

Therapist Jonathan Shedler helped a patient to become aware of his adversarial stance in his relationships and to recognize that this adversarial stance had roots in the attacks he once experienced from his alcohol-dependent father. The therapist's efforts best illustrate Answer stress inoculation training. psychodynamic therapy. systematic desensitization. unconditional positive regard.

Nate's past relationships with his mother, his former wife, and his previous employer have been characterized by common patterns of resentment and emotional detachment. Helping Nate gain insight into these recurring relationship patterns would be of greatest concern to a a. behavior therapist. b.biomedical therapist. c.psychodynamic therapist. d.humanistic therapist.

Which form of therapy would most likely help depressed patients by teaching them how to resolve disagreements with their friends? a.systematic desensitization b.interpersonal psychotherapy c.humanistic therapy d.cognitive therapy

Insight therapies aim to improve psychological functioning by a.discouraging people from using antidepressant drugs. b.using progressive relaxation to reduce anxiety. c.increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses. d.using personality tests to accurately diagnose the person's difficulties.

Unlike psychodynamic therapists, humanistic therapists tend to focus on the ________ more than the ________. a. present; future b.past; present c.present; past d.past; future

Humanistic therapists are likely to teach clients to a.focus more on other people's feelings than on their own. b.adapt more readily to social norms and expectations. c.imitate the behavior of others who are happy and successful. d.take more responsibility for their own feelings and actions

Instead of focusing on unconscious and repressed thoughts and impulses, ________ therapies focus on conscious thoughts and self-perceptions. a.behavior b.humanistic c.biomedical d.psychodynamic

Which therapeutic approach relies most heavily on patients' discovering their own ways of effectively dealing with their difficulties? a.psychoanalysis b.cognitive therapy c.systematic desensitization d.client-centered therapy

Carl Rogers encouraged client-centered therapists to ______ during the process of therapy. a.clearly communicate their diagnosis of a client's disorder b.genuinely express their own true feelings c.explain the immediate causes of a client's difficulties d.identify a hierarchy of the client's anxiety-arousing experiences

Empathic understanding of the patient's subjective experiences is a major goal of a a. psychoanalyst. b.biomedical therapist. c.client-centered therapist. d.behavior therapist.

Restating and clarifying what another person says is central to a. systematic desensitization. b.free association. c.spontaneous recovery. d.active listening.

An important feature of client-centered therapy is a.systematic desensitization. b.transference. c.free association. d.active listening.

When Murli told his therapist, "I came to see what you could do for me," the therapist responded, "It sounds like you're feeling you need some help. Am I right?" The therapist's response illustrates the technique of a.transference. b.free association. c.active listening. d.systematic desensitization

During a marriage counseling session, the therapist suggests to Mr. and Mrs. Gallo that they each restate their spouse's comments before making their own. The therapist was applying a technique most closely associated with a.psychoanalysis. b.cognitive-behavioral therapy. c.systematic desensitization. d.client-centered therapy. Add

Carl Rogers referred to a caring, nonjudgmental attitude as a.active listening. b.free association. c.unconditional positive regard. d.positive reinforcement.

The healing power of insight and self-awareness is LEAST likely to be emphasized by ________ therapists. a. cognitive b.psychoanalytic c.behavior d.humanistic

Psychological research on the principles of learning has most directly influenced the development of a.behavior therapy. b.humanistic therapy. c.psychodynamic therapy. d.cognitive therapy

In classical conditioning therapies, maladaptive symptoms are usually considered to be a.unconditioned stimuli. b.conditioned stimuli. c.unconditioned responses. d.conditioned responses.

In one treatment for bed-wetting, the child sleeps on a liquid-sensitive pad that when wet, triggers an alarm and awakens the child. This treatment is a form of a.biomedical therapy. b.cognitive therapy. c.behavior therapy. d.humanistic therapy.

A procedure that trains people to make new responses to stimuli that currently trigger unwanted responses is called a. light exposure therapy. b.transference. c.counterconditioning. d.unconditional positive regard

Two counterconditioning techniques for replacing unwanted responses are a.systematic desensitization and free association. b.spontaneous recovery and stress inoculation training. c.unconditional positive regard and transference. d.aversive conditioning and exposure therapy

Benny's mother tries to reduce his fear of sailing by giving the 3-year-old his favorite candy as soon as they board the boat. The mother's strategy best illustrates a. counter conditioning. b.cognitive therapy. c.transference. d.the placebo effect

According to Mary Cover Jones, 3-year-old Peter lost his fear of rabbits when one was repeatedly presented while he was eating his midafternoon snack. This episode best illustrated the potential usefulness of a.cognitive therapy. b.exposure therapies. c.free association. d.the placebo effect.

Which of the following is a type of exposure therapy? a.family therapy b.stress inoculation training c.systematic desensitization d. topic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Systematic desensitization is a form of ________, which is a type of ________. a. transference; interpersonal psychotherapy b.stress inoculation training; biomedical therapy c.free association; cognitive therapy d.counterconditioning; behavior therapy

A token economy is to operant conditioning as ________ is to classical conditioning. a.systematic desensitization b.electroconvulsive therapy c.free association d.drug therapy

Systematic desensitization involves a. depriving a client access to an addictive drug. b.associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences. c.replacing a positive response to a harmful stimulus with a negative response. d.associating a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli

Relaxing one muscle group after another until one achieves a completely relaxed state of comfort is called ________ relaxation. a.simulated b.systematic c.progressive d.unconditional

Jonathan is afraid to ask a girl for a date, so his therapist instructs him to relax and simply imagine he is reaching for his cell phone and then calling a potential date. The therapist's technique best illustrates the process of a.interpersonal therapy. b.free association. c.cognitive therapy. d.systematic desensitization.

Gina is so fearful of taking tests for college courses that she experiences mild anxiety when registering for a course, intense anxiety when studying for a test, and extreme anxiety when answering actual test questions. Her greatest fear, however, is experienced while waiting for a professor to hand out tests. During the process of systematically desensitizing her test anxiety, the therapist is likely to ask Gina first to imagine a.answering questions on a college test. b.waiting for a professor to hand out tests. c.studying for a test. d.registering for a college course. Add

Question Which of the following techniques have behavior therapists used to help people overcome a fear of flying? a.aversive conditioning b.transference c.virtual reality exposure therapy d.the double-blind procedure Add

Virtual reality exposure therapy is a form of a.stress inoculation training. b.aversive conditioning. c.systematic desensitization. d.transference.

In which form of therapy is unwanted behavior systematically associated with unpleasant experiences? a. electroconvulsive therapy b.systematic desensitization c.cognitive therapy d.aversive conditioning

In treating alcohol dependence, therapists have clients consume alcohol that contains a nausea-producing drug. This technique is known as a. operant conditioning. b.systematic desensitization. c.aversive conditioning. d.transference. Add

To help Claire quit smoking, a therapist delivers an electric shock to her arm each time she smokes a cigarette. The therapist is using a.aversive conditioning. b.systematic desensitization. c.electroconvulsive therapy. d.rTMS.

Connor is constantly chewing tobacco. To reduce his appetite for this product, a behavior therapist would most likely use a. free association. b.a double-blind procedure. c.systematic desensitization. d.aversive conditioning.

In a therapeutic setting, a client who wants to lose weight eats some favorite foods laced with a nausea-producing drug. Yet, outside the therapist's office the client knows he or she can eat those foods without fear of nausea. This awareness contributes to the limited effectiveness of a. spontaneous recovery. b.aversive conditioning. c.client-centered therapy. d.the double-blind procedure.

Therapists practice ________ by using positive reinforcers to reward closer and closer approximations of a desired behavior. a.free association b.progressive relaxation c.behavior modification d.unconditional positive regard

Which of the following is the best description of behavior modification? a.People are helped to identify a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences. b.People's actions are influenced by controlling the consequences of those actions. c.What a client says during the course of therapy is repeated or rephrased. d.Attention is focused on patients' positive and negative feelings toward their therapists.

Praising socially withdrawn children when they make eye contact with others and ignoring them after a temper tantrum best illustrates an application of a.cognitive therapy. b.rational-emotive behavior therapy. c.operant conditioning. d.unconditional positive regard.

Mrs. Coleman is a withdrawn schizophrenia patient. To help her become more socially active, institutional staff members give her small plastic cards whenever she talks to someone. She is allowed to exchange these cards for candy and cigarettes. Staff members are making use of a.active listening. b.systematic desensitization. c.a token economy. d.classical conditioning. Add

Several years after his wife's death, Mr. Stattler remains incapacitated by feelings of guilt and sadness. To reduce Mr. Stattler's depression, a therapist is actively encouraging him to stop blaming himself for not being able to prevent his wife's death. The therapist's approach is most representative of a.systematic desensitization. b.psychodynamic therapy. c.cognitive therapy. d.client-centered therap

"For you to think you are worthless because your boyfriend sometimes criticizes you is absurd! I know a lot of highly worthy people who often receive criticisms." This statement would most likely be made to a patient by a a.rational-emotive behavior therapist. b.psychodynamic therapist. c.client-centered therapist

As a therapist, Dr. Cioffi often uses systematic desensitization. She also considers active listening to be an invaluable therapeutic tool, and she frequently makes use of free association. Dr. Cioffi's therapeutic approach would best be described as a.psychoanalytic. b.client-centered. c.behavioral. d.eclectic.

Sheena's therapist tells her to relax, close her eyes, and state aloud whatever comes to mind no matter how trivial or absurd it seems. The therapist is using a technique that is central to a. client-centered therapy. b.psychoanalysis. c.cognitive therapy. d.systematic desensitization.

Mr. Phillips has recently begun to express feelings of hostility and resentment toward his therapist, who is consistently friendly, caring, and helpful. A psychoanalyst would most likely consider Mr. Phillips's hostility to be an example of a.Answer transference. b.the placebo effect. c.counter conditioning. d.regression toward the mean.

Psychoanalysts are most likely to a.attend to patients' positive and negative feelings toward their therapists. b.associate a patient's undesirable behavior with unpleasant experiences. c.repeat or rephrase what a patient says during the course of therapy. d.help patients identify a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences

Therapist David Shapiro helped a patient to realize that he couldn't say "I love you" to his wife because it would feel soft and unmanly. The therapist's efforts best illustrate a. exposure therapy. b.stress-inoculation training. c.psychodynamic therapy. d.rational-emotive behavior therapy.

As a psychotherapist, Dr. Buist does not analyze people's motives or diagnose the nature of their difficulties because he believes that they are in the best position to diagnose and solve their own problems. Dr. Buist's position is most characteristic of ________ therapy. a. cognitive b.psychoanalytic c.operant conditioning d.client-centered

Cindy suggested that her nail biting might be a symptom of unconscious resentment toward her parents. Her therapist chuckled and said, "No, Cindy, your problem isn't unconscious hostility; your problem is nail biting." Cindy's therapist sounds most like a ________ therapist. a. behavior b.humanistic c.cognitive d.psychodynamic

O. H. Mowrer trained children to discontinue bed-wetting by arranging for an alarm to sound each time they wet their beds. This technique best illustrates a therapeutic application of a.systematic desensitization. b.cognitive-behavioral therapy. c.the placebo effect. d.classical conditioning.

To reduce his daughter's fear of the dark, Mr. Chew would hug and gently rock her immediately after turning off the lights at bedtime. Mr. Chew's strategy best illustrates the technique of a.stress inoculation training. b.light exposure therapy. c.free association. d.counterconditioning.

To help Thor overcome his fear of giving public speeches, his therapist instructs him to relax and then to imagine speaking to a group of four people. The therapist is using a.client-centered therapy. b.cognitive therapy. c.systematic desensitization. d.aversive conditioning.

Whenever 2-year-old Calista runs into the street in front of her house, her mother immediately spanks her. The mother's technique most closely resembles the procedure known as a.systematic desensitization. b.electroconvulsive therapy. c.aversive conditioning. d.stress inoculation training.

Mrs. Laiti is a compulsive gambler. To reduce her attraction to this self-defeating activity, a behavior therapist would most likely use a. EMDR. b.systematic desensitization. c.a token economy. d.aversive conditioning.

Mr. Quinones, a fifth-grade teacher, gives a blue plastic star to each student who achieves a high score on a math or spelling test. At the end of the semester, students can exchange their stars for prizes. Mr. Quinones' strategy illustrates an application of a.transference. b.operant conditioning. c.systematic desensitization. d.counterconditioning.

Natasha claimed that her failure to get straight A's in college meant she was incompetent. Her therapist quickly challenged this assertion, commenting, "By your strange calculations, well over 90 percent of all college students are incompetent!" The therapist's response was most typical of a(n) a.behavior therapist. b.virtual reality exposure therapist. c.humanistic therapist. d.psychodynamic therapist.

Aaron Beck has used gentle questioning intended to reveal depressed clients' irrational thinking. His therapeutic approach best illustrates a. unconditional positive regard. b.systematic desensitization. c.cognitive therapy. d.rTMS.

Jenna is afraid of speaking to a large audience. Her therapist suggests that prior to a speaking engagement she should reassure herself with comments like, "Cheer up, Jenna. You know what you're talking about and your topic is really interesting!" This approach to reducing Jenna's fear most clearly illustrates a.aversive conditioning. b.client-centered therapy. c.systematic desensitization. d.stress inoculation training.

Dr. Jackson reinforces depressed patients for their participation in pleasant activities and trains them to take increasingly more credit for the rewards they gain from engaging in those activities. Dr. Jackson's treatment approach best illustrates a.exposure therapy. b.client-centered therapy. c.psychodynamic therapy. d.cognitive-behavioral therapy.

To help Mrs. Otsuki lose weight, her therapist first attempted to assess whether her weight loss might be personally threatening to her husband. The therapist's concern is most characteristic of a a. biomedical therapist. b.client-centered therapist. c.family therapist. d.psychodynamic therapist