4B0X1, Block 8 – Flashcards

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Directed the creation of a single, comprehensive national incident management system; also directed the creation of the National Response Plan
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Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5
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The basis for the current framework the US uses to respond to national emergencies at the Federal, State, local and tribal levels
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National Response Plan
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The single, integrated Air Force program to coordinate and organize efforts to prepare for, prevent, respond to, recover from, and mitigate the direct and indirect consequences of an emergency or attack
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Air Force Emergency Management program
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Implements the Air Force Incident Management System (AFIMS) based on NIMS methodology; also defines BE responsibilities for emergency response
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AFI 10-2501
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Save lives, minimize the loss or degradation of resources, and continue, sustain, and restore combat and combat support operational capability in an "all-hazards" physical threat environment at Air Force installations worldwide
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Primary missions of the Air Force EM program
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Support homeland defense and emergency preparedness, along with provide support to civil and host-nation authorities IAW DoD directives and through the appropriate Combatant Command
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Ancillary missions of the Air Force EM program
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Provides a nationwide template that enables Federal, State, local, tribal governments, private sector, and non-governmental organizations to work together effectively and efficiently to prevent, prepare for, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents regardless of cause, size or complexity
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National Incident Management System (NIMS)
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Provides the Air Force with an incident management system that is consistent with a single, comprehensive approach to domestic incident management; a scalable and flexible response to organize field-level operations for a broad spectrum of emergencies
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Air Force Incident Management System (AFIMS)
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Command, operations, planning, logistics, and finance / administration
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Five major functional areas of the Incident Command System (ICS)
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Typically, BE falls under the ____________ section during an emergency response
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Operations
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The main elements of the Air Force Emergency Management Program
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Strategic and Tactical
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The structure for response operations at the installation level
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Disaster Response Force (DRF)
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Provides a focal point within an organization to maintain unit command and communications (C2), relay information to and from unit personnel, provide expertise to the EOC or Incident Commander, and leverage unit resources to respond to and mitigate the incident
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Unit Control Center (UCC)
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The medical group's unit control center is called the ___________
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Medical Control Center (MCC)
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The person in charge at an incident and who must be fully qualified to manage the response
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Incident Commander (IC)
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_____________ may assume Incident Command for recovery operations where health risk assessments are the main concern
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Bioenvironmental Engineering
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Deploy immediately to a disaster scene to provide initial C2, to save lives, and to suppress and control hazards
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First responders
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Deploy to an accident scene after the first responders to expand C2 and perform support functions
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Emergency responders
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The command and communications (C2) support element that directs, monitors, and supports the installation's actions before, during, and after an incident; activated and recalled as necessary by the Installation Commander
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Emergency Operations Center (EOC)
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Groupings of capabilities that provide the support, resources, program implementation, and services that are most likely to be needed during emergency response; serve as the primary operational-level mechanism that provides support during an incident
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Emergency Support Functions (ESF)
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Emergency Management is known as this Emergency Support Function
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ESF 5
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Public Health and Medical Services are known as this Emergency Support Function
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ESF 8
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Oil and Hazardous Materials Response is known as this Emergency Support Function
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ESF 10
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Formed from existing installation and unit personnel resources to support emergency response operations, such as the Readiness Support Team, Shelter Management Team, Contamination Control Team, and Post-attack Reconnaissance Teams
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Specialized Teams
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Prevention, preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation
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5 phases of incident management
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Includes broad categories of activities such as intelligence collection and analysis, active defense, proliferation prevention, fire prevention, disease prevention, and contamination prevention
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Prevention phase
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Includes actions such as emergency response planning, Air Force EM training, and the Air Force EM exercise and evaluation; also includes specific tasks such as identifying augmentation manpower needs or reviewing Expeditionary Support Plans (ESPs)
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Preparedness phase
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Includes deploying the DRF, executing the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) 10-2, and notification and warning
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Response phase
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Includes operations such as implementing casualty treatment, unexploded ordinance staffing, Contamination Control Area processing, airfield damage repair and facility restoration; begins ASAP to ensure sustainment of crucial missions and restoration of normal operations
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Recovery phase
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Includes general measures and all activities designed to reduce or eliminate risks to persons or property or to lessen the actual or potential effects or consequences of an incident; an ongoing process considered to be a part of every phase of incident management
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Mitigation phase
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Defined as an emergency involving military forces caused by natural disasters, terrorists, subversives, or by required military operations
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Contingency
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Major accidents, terrorist use of CBRN material, natural disasters, conventional attack
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Examples of contingency operations
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A guidebook for first responders during the initial phase of a dangerous goods / hazardous materials transportation incident
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Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
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Developed primarily to provide guidance in situations where there could be a rare, typically accidental, exposure to a particular chemical that could involve the general public; based primarily on acute toxicology data and not sub-chronic or chronic data
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Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs)
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Airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects; effects are not disabling, are transient, and are reversible upon cessation of exposure
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AEGL-1
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Airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape
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AEGL-2
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Airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death
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AEGL-3
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Commonly referred to as the "blue book," it was created to provide concise supplemental reading material to assist healthcare providers in the management of biological casualties
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Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook
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Bacterial / viral / toxins, emerging and future biological weapons, and detection, protection, and decontamination
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Information found in the Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook
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Designed to be supplemental material for management in uncontrolled exposure to ionizing radiation
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Medical Management of Radiological Casualties Handbook
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Acute high-dose radiation, management protocol for Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS), blast and thermal biological effects, contamination, and biological dosimetry
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Information found in the Medical Management of Radiological Casualties Handbook
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Provides medical personnel in the field a concise, pocket-sized reference source for medical management of chemical casualties
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Medical Management of Chemical Casualties Handbook
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A DoD, command, or unit-level evaluation to determine the vulnerability to terrorist attack of an installation, unit, exercise, port, ship, residence, facility, or other site
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Vulnerability Assessment
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Can identify issues with a location and lessons learned during past deployments; provide information regarding industry types and problems identified
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After Action Reports (AARs)
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Has specific information for industrial bases that may be near deployed force locations, to include types of industry and hazard assessments
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US Army Public Health Command (USAPHC)
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Compile information regarding major industries and the typical chemicals used, materials produced as waste, and most common emissions
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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
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Responsible for tracking all radiological material use across the US and has direct contact with foreign countries; can be helpful if the response involves an area with known radioactive material
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Department of Energy
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Provide information for an occupational and environmental health site assessment (OEHSA), primarily used prior to deployments and for establishing baselines
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Intelligence Sources
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Produces finished, all-source, medical intelligence in support of the Department of Defense and its components, national policy officials, and other federal agencies
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National Center for Medical Intelligence (NCMI)
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Provides other pertinent operational intelligence to include counterproliferation, facilities, and regional information; provides CBRN related current and emerging threat information and regional politics
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Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA)
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Provide a better understanding of ground and operational threats; also provides information on protective and defensive measures specific to countries of interest
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National Ground Intelligence Center (NGIC)
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Can provide orientation to the site location and help identify areas of concern, geographic features, hazards, and other pertinent information
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Airfield Survey
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Begins when the Incident Commander determines that there is a need for BE at the scene of an incident
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Initial Notification
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After initial notification has been received, it is important to conduct _________________ of the BE office
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Accountability
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Within ______________ of initial notification, a majority of BE personnel should be accounted for
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15 minutes
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An important part of BE response, as it ensures that everyone knows what their responsibilities are; should be accomplished within 10-15 minutes of the initial notification
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Role assignment
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During role assignment for BEs, this person will be in charge of the entire response, normally the highest ranking or most experienced
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BE commander
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This team leaves before the rest of the BE office to ensure timely on-scene presence with the IC and to gather more information
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Advanced Echelon (ADVON)
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This team will make initial entry into the scene and start determining hazards and the site picture
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Reconnaissance (RECON)
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These teams enter after the recon team and provide more in-depth sampling and identification capabilities
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Sampling
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This team is responsible for loading all equipment onto response vehicles and performing operation checks (OPChecks) when on scene
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Equipment
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This team normally remains at the office and provides research support; they will also maintain a chronological log of events and monitor radio traffic
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BE Base
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A __________ is, essentially, a set of directions given by the IC to avoid contamination, communicate entry control points, and ensure proper staging of resources arriving on scene
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Safe route
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Gathering of information from other responders, gathering information from witnesses, estimating BE participation, and conducting source characterizations
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Actions completed during the initial site assessment
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During _____________, BE will try to gather more information while on the scene of an incident
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Initial Site Assessment
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Contains general tactics used to achieve goals and objectives; become increasingly important to maintain effective, efficient, and safe operations
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Incident Action Plan
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Emergency response incidents evolve ____________ which must be revised on a regular basis
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Action plans
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Incident goal / objectives, response strategies, roles and responsibilities list, health and safety plan, medical plan, and incident map
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Considerations of an Incident Action Plan
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If going into an unknown hazardous materials scene, the _______________ will be used
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Level A suit
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Should be re-evaluated after every entry into an incident when new information has been presented
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PPE
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The approving entity for all PPE used by AF emergency responders, including evaluation and certification of PPE
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BE
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Any non-functioning equipment should be brought to the attention of the ____________ immediately
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BE commander
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Provides input on health hazards and control options for the Incident Commander; receives input from BE, Safety, and other areas that are appropriate for the incident
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Site Safety Plan
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This process starts with the initial entry of the recon team and ends when the last team exits
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Hazard Identification
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An industrial chemical that is toxic at certain concentrations and is produced in quantities exceeding 30 tons per year at one production facility
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Toxic Industrial Materials (TIMs)
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___________ are not as lethal as nerve agents, but because they are produced in very large quantities and are readily available, they pose a far greater threat than chemical warfare agents
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Toxic Industrial Materials
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Substances intended for use in warfare or terrorist activities to kill, seriously injure, or seriously incapacitate people
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Chemical Warfare Agents (CWA)
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Indicates a widely produced, stored, or transported TIM that has high toxicity and is easily vaporized
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High hazard
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Indicates a TIM that may rank high in some categories but is lower in others such as number of producers, physical state, or toxicity
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Medium hazard
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Indicates that this TIM is not likely to be a hazard unless specific factors indicate otherwise
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Low hazard
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Oxygen deficient atmosphere, lower explosive limit, odor threshold, vapor density, air inversion, and immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH)
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Factors which add complexity to a chemical spill
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Attack the nervous system and affect muscle control, vision, heart, and lung functions
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Nerve agents
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A drug or other agent that produces blisters; highly active corrosive materials even at extremely low levels; attack and destroy cell tissue
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Vesicant
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Disrupt the oxygen-carrying properties of blood; most effective when employed in mass applications, such as an artillery attack or when released within confined areas that concentrate the agent
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Blood agents
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Chemical agents that attack lung tissue and cause irritation and inflammation of the bronchial tubes and lungs, primarily causing pulmonary edema
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Pulmonary agents
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Less than or equal to 0.5 mRem / hr
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Radioactive White-I
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Greater than 0.5 mRem / hr but less than or equal to 50 mRem / hr
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Radioactive Yellow-II
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Greater than 50 mRem / hr but less than or equal to 200 mRem / hr
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Radioactive Yellow-III
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Any area, accessible to personnel, in which there exists radiation at such levels that a major portion of the body could receive in any one hour a dose exceeding 5 mRem, or in any five consecutive days a dose exceeding 100 mRem
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Radiation Area
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Any area, accessible to personnel, in which there exists radiation at such levels, that a major portion of the body could receive in any hour a dose in excess of 100 mRem
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High Radiation Area
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Any room, enclosure, or operating area in which airborne radioactive materials, composed wholly or partly of radioactive material, exist in concentrations in excess of the amount specified in column 1 of table 1 of appendix B to 10 CFR part 20
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Airborne Radioactivity Area
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A powerful gamma-emitting radiation source that can be placed in a high-profile location
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Radiological Emitting Device (RED)
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Any device, including weapons or equipment, other than a nuclear explosive device, specifically designed to employ radioactive material by disseminating it to cause destruction, damage, or injury by means of radiation
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Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD)
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Caused by a large dose of penetrating radiation in a very short amount of time
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Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS)
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This exposure can be allowed for protecting valuable property necessary for public welfare
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10 rem
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This exposure can be allowed for lifesaving or protection of large populations
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25 rem
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Diseases transmitted this way can remain suspended in air for a long time and, when inhaled, may penetrate deeply into the respiratory tract
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Airborne Transmission
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The most likely and effective way for terrorists to disseminate biological weapons; include influenza, pneumonia, and polio
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Aerosolization of biological agents
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To transmit disease through contact with mucous membranes of the eyes, nose and mouth; examples of diseases transmitted this way include rubella, tuberculosis, and SARS
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Contact with Infected Droplets
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Most sexually transmitted diseases fall into this category, and diseases transmitted this way typically do not survive outside the human body for very long
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Direct Contact
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Diseases transmitted this way are generally able to survive on exposed surfaces for extended periods; Norwalk Virus can be transmitted this way
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Indirect Contact
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Normally this occurs due to contact with infected fecal matter
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Ingestion of Contaminated Food or Water
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An animate intermediary in the indirect transmission of an agent that carries the agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host; spread by insects and animals such as fleas, rodents, flies, and mosquitoes
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Vector
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A type of antimicrobial agent made from a mold or bacterium that kills or slows the growth of other microbes, especially bacteria
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Antibiotic
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After every emergency response, ____________ personnel will complete a health risk assessment and present it to the incident commander
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Bioenvironmental Engineering (BE)
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Allow for a person to cross from a contaminated area to a non-contaminated area; allow for decontamination and should be included in health risk assessments to limit the spread of contamination exposures
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Transition points
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A structure used to protect people and resources from effects of NBC / conventional weapons attacks
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Shelter
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Emergency Operations and Rest and Relief
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Shelter classifications
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House control centers and other work centers that must remain operational during hostilities because they provide essential functions
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Emergency Operation Shelters
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Not designated for emergency operations and are used for rest between work shifts
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Rest and Relief Shelters
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An important aspect of airbase NBC defense; provides a temperature-controlled, contamination-free environment to allow personnel relief from continuous wear of individual protective equipment
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Collective NBC protection
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Fully integrated systems, partial integration, expedient, secondary enclosure, shelter-in-place
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Shelter classes used by the military
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Standalone CP or permanent modification to structure, NBC filters fully integrated with existing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system
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Class 1: Fully Integrated System Shelter
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Permanent modifications and sealing measures made to all or part of structure, partial integration of HVAC filter units, permanent or partial airlock, permanent or temporary CCA
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Class 2: Partial Integration Shelter
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Selected portions of structure sealed by temporary measures such as plastic sheeting, barriers, and tape; mobile or transportable filter units; HVAC integration may or may not be employed; temporary air lock
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Class 3: Expedient Shelter
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Structure unsuitable for expedient CP; use internal enclosure or liner system; may allow use of existing HVAC; temporary airlock and CCA
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Class 4: Secondary Enclosure Shelter
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Fully enclosed, unpressurized structure that prevents entry of liquid contamination; portions may be expediently sealed; turn off HVAC system or place in recirculation mode; decontaminate with M291 and M295 kits; personnel move to higher floor in multi-storied structures; may enable temporary MOPP reduction or mask removal
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Class 5: Shelter-In-Place
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To provide the best available physical protection from the effects of war or disaster for DoD personnel; in order to do this, there must be advance planning
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Objective of the shelter program
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Comprehensive guidance for operations under any type of disaster condition; detailed procedures, rules and task assignments
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Base-wide Shelter Plan
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The most important and difficult part of planning shelters is _______________
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Determining the expected threat
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Required to maintain radiological logs that contain radiological doses on Shelter Radiological Logs and Individual Radiological Dose Records
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Shelter Management Team (SMT)
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The depositing of heavy debris within half an hour of the burst; occurs mostly in the area where physical damage is sustained
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Immediate Fallout
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That which is deposited between half an hour and approximately twenty hours after a nuclear explosion up to a range of hundreds of kilometers from the point of burst in the case of a megaton weapon
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Medium-Range Fallout
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The slow removal of very small particles which may continue for months or even years, particularly after a high-yield thermonuclear explosion; this is diffused and eventually deposited over a very large area of the Earth's surface
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Long-Range Fallout
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In general, ____________________ represents the most significant hazard to personnel
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Medium-Range Fallout
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Used to document dosimeter readings from dosimeters placed around the shelter in different areas; will be used to determine actual decay rate and to plan future operations
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Shelter Radiological Logs
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Each person should maintain a(n) _____________ to ensure that he / she does not exceed wartime or commander-directed doses
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Individual Radiological Dose Record
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Caller's name / rank / phone number, type of incident, location of scene, IC information and safe route
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Information gathered during initial notification
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During the __________, BE is trying to gather more information while on the scene
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Initial site assessment
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Assisting in shelter selection, planning and design; assisting in training shelter management teams
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BE roles in shelter management operations
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HAPSITE, industrial ventilation meter, ADM-300, SAM-940, RADeCO, quicksilver kit, Drager CDS kit, HHA, HAZMATID ELITE
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List of items that aid in shelter operations
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