4322 7 Flashcards
Which of the following is not a risk normally associated with Bottom of the Pyramid strategies?
A. A low-end version of a brand may detract from the overall brand attractiveness.
B. The new low-cost products they develop may cannibalize the sales of their core products.
C. Entrenched competitors can impact the ability of the new firm to enter the market successfully.
D. New products may be perceived as exploiting the privileged customer with substandard products.
Multinational firms are constantly faced with the dilemma of choosing between _______ and __________.
A. local adaptation; global integration
B. local adaptation; local integration
C. global adaptation; local integration
D. global adaptation; global integration
In the Porter Diamond of National Advantage framework which of the following factors does not affect nation competitiveness?
A. The position of the nation in factors of production necessary to compete in a given industry.
B. The presence or absence in the nation of supplier industries that are internationally competitive.
C. The conditions in the nation governing the nature of foreign rivalry.
D. The nature of home-market demand of the products or services of the industry.
Rivalry is intense in nations with conditions of __________ consumer demand, __________ supplier bases, and __________ new entrant potential from related industries.
A. weak; weak; high
B. strong; strong; low
C. weak; weak; low
D. strong; strong; high
According to Michael Porter, firms that have experienced intense domestic competition are _________________________________.
A. unlikely to have the time or resources to compete abroad
B. more likely to demand protection from their governments
C. most likely to design strategies aimed primarily at the domestic market
D. more likely to design strategies and structures that allow them to successfully compete abroad
Which of the factors below has not made the software services industry in India extremely competitive on a global scale?
A. large pool of skilled workers
B. large network of public and private educational institutions
C. tax and antitrust legislation that protects the dominant players in the industry
D. large, growing market and sophisticated customers
Which of the following is not a motivation for a company to pursue international expansion?
A. It wishes to increase the size of the potential markets for its products and services.
B. It wishes to take advantage of arbitrage opportunities in order to increase profit.
C. It wishes to optimize value-chain activities to enhance performance, reduce costs, and reduce risk.
D. It wishes to increase foreign market penetration by developing products for the home market.
If a company is considering optimizing the physical location for every activity in the value chain, which of the following is not a possible strategic advantage for that decision?
A. Performance enhancement
B. Cost reduction
C. Political risk reduction
D. Life-cycle enhancement
The sale of Boeing commercial aircraft and Microsoft operating systems in many countries enables these companies to benefit from ____________.
A. higher prices in their domestic markets
B. reducing their exposure to currency risks
C. economies of scale
D. optimizing the location for many activities in their value chain
If the U.S. dollar appreciates relative to foreign currency, what is likely to be the result for the U.S. company that has company branches abroad?
A. Profits will increase, when measured in U.S. dollars.
B. Profits will decrease, when measured in U.S. dollars.
C. Foreign exports to the United States will decrease.
D. Foreign demand for U.S. goods and services will decrease.
__________ occurs when a firm decides to utilize other firms to perform value-creating activities that were previously performed in-house.
A. Offshoring
B. A global strategy
C. Outsourcing
D. A transnational strategy
In considering the decision to offshore, which of the following generally is not one of the hidden costs?
A. Total wage costs and indirect costs
B. Increased inventory and coordination costs
C. Reduced market responsiveness and intellectual property rights
D. Wage deflation
Which one of the following is one of the Theodore Levitt assumptions supporting a pure global strategy?
A. Consumers are willing to pay more for specific product features.
B. Customer needs and interests are becoming more dissimilar.
C. MNCs can successfully compete globally by aggressively pricing products at the sacrifice of product features.
D. If the world markets are treated as heterogeneous, substantial economies of scale are easily achieved.
When firms expand into global markets, they are faced with the choice of reducing costs and/or adapting to the local market. When high pressures exist to lower costs, companies should choose a __________ or __________ in order to compete in the global marketplace.
A. global strategy; transnational strategy
B. global strategy: multidomestic strategy
C. international strategy; multidomestic strategy
D. international strategy; transnational strategy
When firms expand into global markets, they are faced with the choice of reducing costs and/or adapting to the local market. When high pressures exist to adapt locally, companies should choose a __________ or __________ in order to compete in the global marketplace.
A. global strategy; transnational strategy
B. global strategy: multidomestic strategy
C. international strategy; global strategy
D. transnational strategy; multidomestic strategy
Which would be the appropriate strategy for companies to use to compete in the global marketplace if the marketplace pressure is for lower costs with little pressure for local adaptation?
A. international strategy
B. global strategy
C. multidomestic strategy
D. transnational strategy
High pressure for local adaptation combined with low pressure for lower costs would suggest what type of international strategy?
A. global strategy
B. multidomestic strategy
C. transnational strategy
D. overall cost leadership strategy
Software Tech, Inc., a company in the computer software industry, invests heavily in Research and Development, and product design. Thus, most of its value is added ________.
A. upstream
B. in its infrastructure
C. downstream
D. midstream
Industries in which proportionally more value is added in __________ activities are more likely to benefit from a global strategy.
A. downstream
B. upstream
C. marketing
D. sales
Which of the following types of international firms are most likely to benefit from a global strategy as opposed to a multidomestic strategy?
A. firms that compete in industries in which consumer preferences vary substantially in each country
B. firms in industries that are expanding very rapidly
C. firms in industries that have value added by sales and marketing departments
D. firms in industries that have much value added in research and design or manufacturing
Recent trends that might lead managers of multinational corporations (MNCs) to adopt a more decentralized strategy for their operations would include all of the following EXCEPT ______.
A. customer needs, interests, and tastes becoming increasingly homogenized
B. consumers around the world increasingly willing to tradeoff idiosyncratic preferences in product features for lower price
C. flexible manufacturing trends allowing a decline in the minimum volume required to reach acceptable levels of production efficiency
D. fluctuating exchange rates
Firms following a global strategy strive to offer __________ products and services as well as locate manufacturing, Research and Development, and marketing activities in a limited number of locations.
A. widely differentiated
B. more expensive local
C. internationally differentiated
D. standardized
As in the case of Siebel Systems (now part of Oracle), elements of a global strategy may facilitate the competitive advantage of differentiation by _______.
A. increased freedom of individual business units to adapt to local tastes
B. the creation of a worldwide network to achieve consistent service regardless of location
C. flexibility in applying Research and Development to meet country-specific needs
D. tailoring products to meet country-specific needs
Which of the following is not a risk associated with a global strategy?
A. A firm with only one manufacturing location must export its product, sometimes at great distance from the operation.
B. The geographic concentration of any activity may also tend to isolate that activity from the targeted markets.
C. Concentrating an activity in a single location makes the rest of the firm dependent on that location.
D. The pressures for local adaptation may elevate the cost structure of the firm.
Which one of the following is not a limitation of a global strategy?
A. limited ability to adapt to local markets
B. the ability to locate activities in optimal locations
C. the concentration of activities may increase dependence on a single facility
D. single locations may lead to higher tariffs and transportation costs
Elements of a multidomestic strategy may facilitate the competitive advantage of cost leadership by __________.
A. flexibility in adjusting to local laws and customs
B. decreased duplication of inventories which are often involved in having multiple plants producing similar products
C. decreased shipping and transportation costs inherent in local production
D. economies of scale gained through centralized production of standardized products
Which of the following is not a limitation of a multidomestic strategy?
A. less ability to realize cost savings through scale economies
B. greater difficulty in transferring knowledge across countries
C. single locations may lead to higher tariffs and transportation costs
D. may lead to overadaptation as conditions change
High pressure for local adaptation combined with high pressure for lower costs would suggest what type of international strategy?
A. global strategy
B. multidomestic strategy
C. transnational strategy
D. differentiation strategy
Units coordinate their activities with headquarters and with one another. Units adapt to special circumstances only they face. The entire organization draws upon relevant corporate resources. These are all attributes of which type of strategy?
A. global strategy
B. transnational strategy
C. international strategy
D. multidomestic strategy
Which of the following is a disadvantage of a transnational strategy?
A. less ability to realize cost savings through scale economies
B. limited ability to adapt to local markets
C. unique managerial challenges in fostering knowledge transfer
D. single locations may lead to higher tariffs and transportation costs
In order to realize the strongest competitive advantage, firms engaged in worldwide competition must ___________.
A. require that all of their various business units follow the same strategy regardless of location
B. ensure that all business units follow a strategy strictly tailored to their respective locations
C. pursue a strategy that combines the uniformity of a global strategy and the specificity of a multidomestic strategy in order to achieve optimal results
D. attempt to use the strategy that was most successful in their home country
Which of the following is a reason for the rise in regional expansion?
A. increase in the number of trading blocs and free trade zones
B. decrease in the number of trading blocs and free trade zones
C. increasing national trade restrictions
D. increasing local taxes and tariffs
Which one of the following explains why so few firms are global?
A. Culture, language, and religion are similar between countries.
B. Legal and political systems are similar between countries.
C. Governments are increasing trade restrictions in general.
D. Geographic distance is multiplied by distance in culture, language, religion, and legal and political systems.
Which of the following describes the most typical order of entry into foreign markets?
A. franchising, licensing, exporting, joint venture, and wholly owned subsidiary
B. exporting, licensing, franchising, joint venture, and wholly owned subsidiary
C. licensing, exporting, franchising, joint venture, and wholly owned subsidiary
D. exporting, franchising, licensing, joint venture, and wholly owned subsidiary
A domestic corporation considering international expansion for the first time typically will follow which of these paths?
A. It will start off by implementing a wholly owned foreign subsidiary in order to maintain standards identical to those at home.
B. It will license or franchise its operations.
C. It will implement a low risk-low control strategy such as exporting.
D. It will form a joint venture with a reputable foreign producer.
The form of entry strategy into international operations that offers the lowest level of control for the domestic corporation would be _________.
A. franchising
B. licensing
C. joint venture
D. exporting
Fees that a multinational receives from a foreign licensee in return for its use of intellectual property (trademark, patent, trade secret, technology) are usually called _____________.
A. transfer prices
B. dividends
C. royalties
D. intra-corporate inflows
The difference between a franchise contract and a licensing contract is that ___________.
A. a franchise contract is more specific and usually longer in duration
B. a franchise contract must include a foreign government
C. a licensing contract covers more aspects of operations
D. a franchise contract involves less control and less risk
__________ entail the creation of a third-party legal entity, whereas __________ do not.
A. Licensing agreements; joint ventures
B. Joint ventures; strategic alliances
C. Strategic alliances; joint ventures
D. Franchising agreements; strategic alliances
A __________ is a business in which a multinational company owns 100 percent of the stock.
A. joint venture
B. strategic alliance
C. wholly owned subsidiary
D. franchising operation
__________ are most appropriate when a firm already has the appropriate knowledge and capabilities that it can leverage rather easily through multiple locations in many countries.
A. Joint ventures
B. Strategic alliances
C. Licensing agreements
D. Wholly owned subsidiaries
PepsiCo leads Coca-Cola in the Indian market. Why?
A. PepsiCo entered the market before Coca-Cola.
B. PepsiCo formed a joint venture with two Indian companies to introduce its products under their label.
C. Coca-Cola promoted too many products.
D. Coca-Cola created too much direct employment in the beginning of its operation.
