question

Which of the following describes the group known as the Young Americans for Freedom (YAF)?

answer

It was the largest student group in the nation in the 1960s.

question

President Johnson shocked the American public on March 31, 1968, by announcing that

answer

he would not seek reelection.

question

In his third-party presidential campaign in 1968, George Wallace

answer

defined several hot-button issues that Republicans would exploit in future elections.

question

From 1969 to 1972, Richard Nixon's strategy to end the Vietnam War was to

answer

reduce American troop involvement and turn over most of the ground fighting to the South Vietnamese army.

question

Which of the following War on Poverty programs provided free nursery schools to prepare disadvantaged preschoolers for kindergarten?

answer

Head Start

question

Which element of Barry Goldwater's campaign platform did American voters find particularly alienating in the election of 1964?

answer

His approach to foreign policy

question

Richard Nixon's landslide victory in the election of 1972 signaled

answer

a major political realignment in the United States.

question

My Lai became a national issue in the United States in 1969 and was

answer

the site of the massacre of nearly 500 villagers by American soldiers.

question

The Immigration Act of 1965

answer

replaced the national quotas system of the 1920s with nondiscriminatory numerical limits.

question

Which of the following statements characterizes the economic consequences of the Vietnam War?

answer

By 1968, the U.S. economy was entering a severe inflationary spiral that would last more than a decade.

question

What was the outcome of the U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam in 1973 and 1974?

answer

Vietnam became communist but remained an independent nation.

question

Which of the following caused the death of Johnson's War on Poverty?

answer

The Vietnam War

question

Which of the following statements characterizes President Lyndon Johnson?

answer

In many ways, especially his personal history and political style, Lyndon Johnson was John F. Kennedy's opposite.

question

The presidential candidate most explicitly identified with the issue of segregation in 1968 was

answer

George Wallace.

question

Which of the following contributed to the powerful mystique that followed the presidency of John F. Kennedy?

answer

Kennedy's 1963 assassination

question

Johnson's Great Society program had a great deal in common with the

answer

New Deal.

question

The 1963 report of the President's Commission on the Status of Women

answer

documented discrimination against women in the workplace and in education.

question

Which of the following describes Johnson's War on Poverty?

answer

The program was Johnson's highest political priority, even more than civil rights advances.

question

In 1968, the liberal who presented the Democratic Party's best chance for reunification was

answer

Robert F. Kennedy.

question

Which of the following was the purpose of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?

answer

To authorize the president to take any action necessary to prevent further aggression in Vietnam

question

At the height of the Vietnam War, the United States stationed approximately how many troops in Vietnam?

answer

500,000

question

Which of the following describes Title IX?

answer

The legislation benefited women athletes.

question

Which group of American women had continued to organize around feminist issues in the 1950s?

answer

Trade union women

question

Richard Nixon's 1968 campaign for the presidency emphasized

answer

a claim to represent the "quiet voice" of "forgotten Americans."

question

The four college students killed by National Guardsmen at Kent State University been protesting

answer

expansion of the Vietnam War into Cambodia.

question

Which of the following is true of Lyndon Johnson's administration?

answer

The Vietnam War undermined his commitment to the War on Poverty and his presidency.

question

Which of the following characterizes the 1968 Tet offensive?

answer

Many Americans changed their opinions of the war after the Tet offensive.

question

Which of the following was a goal of President Johnson's environmental reforms?

answer

Improving the nation's air and water

question

Which of the following describes the Christmas bombings of 1972?

answer

The attacks were the most intense of the Vietnam War.

question

Which of the following describes the 1968 Democratic Party National Convention?

answer

It took place in Chicago alongside major antiwar protests.

question

In the 1968 election and during the Nixon administration, the expression "silent majority" was used to refer to

answer

Americans who were hardworking and avoided protest activities.

question

Which of the following correctly links a law or a court decision to the benefit that it accorded women?

answer

Equal Credit Opportunity Act (1974)—significantly increased women's access to credit

question

The Free Speech Movement at Berkeley began in response to

answer

the university ban on political activities by students on university property.

question

Which of the following was a lasting outcome of Johnson's Great Society programs?

answer

Improving access to health care for the poor and elderly Americans

question

Which justice led the U.S. Supreme Court as it shifted toward advocacy of civil rights and civil liberties after 1954?

answer

Earl Warren

question

The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education case triggered a judicial revolution in which the Court began to focus on suits related to

answer

civil liberties.

question

The women's liberation movement emerged out of

answer

the New Left.

question

What was the outcome of the 1968 presidential election?

answer

Richard Nixon won the presidency by a narrow margin of the popular vote.

question

Which of the following describes the death rate of American soldiers in Vietnam by 1968?

answer

The American death rate had reached several hundred per week.

question

Which of the following was an achievement of the Johnson administration?

answer

The National Endowment for the Humanities

question

Which of the following is paired correctly?

answer

Elementary and Secondary Education Act— federal funds for teacher training

question

The 1969 Stonewall riot in New York City was a spontaneous protest led by

answer

gay people.

question

Two of Nixon's greatest foreign policy successes were

answer

SALT I and restoring relations with Communist China.

question

In 1972, the Democratic nominee for the presidency was

answer

George McGovern.

question

Which of the following is true about the Vietnam War?

answer

By the late 1960s, many Americans believed it was unwinnable.

question

What was the outcome of Operation Rolling Thunder in 1965?

answer

It intensified North Vietnamese nationalism and hardened their will to fight.

question

Women's liberation activists modeled their ideas, goals, and tactics after the

answer

Black Power movement.

question

Which of the following describes the 1964 U.S. presidential election?

answer

Johnson's landslide victory gave him a mandate to fulfill his political program.

question

Which of the following was detrimental to expanding women's rights in the 1970s and 1980s?

answer

Phyllis Schlafly's STOP ERA

question

Vice President Spiro Agnew was forced out of office in 1973 because

answer

he was indicted for accepting kickbacks while governor of Maryland.

question

Which of the following factors accounted for the demographic growth of the Sunbelt in the 1970s and 1980s?

answer

Deindustrialization

question

Which of the following was the cause of President Nixon's downfall?

answer

His obstruction of justice in the Watergate matter

question

Which of the following Supreme Court cases was hailed by most conservatives?

answer

Bowers v. Hardwick (1987)

question

Which of these developments spurred the birth of the modern environmentalist movement?

answer

The publication of Silent Spring in 1962

question

Which of the following was the most polarizing Supreme Court decision of the 1970s?

answer

Roe v. Wade

question

In 1978, California voters began a national trend by enacting a ballot initiative called Proposition 13 that

answer

rolled back property taxes and required future tax measures to pass the legislature with a two-thirds vote.

question

Which of the following statements characterizes the energy needs and resources that the United States faced in the late 1960s and early 1970s?

answer

The United States, once the world's leading producer of oil, had become heavily dependent on imported oil.

question

Evangelical Protestantism failed to embrace

answer

the "Social Gospel."

question

In the case of Bakke v. University of California (1978), which of the following issues was under review?

answer

Affirmative action

question

Before his appointment to the vice presidency, Gerald Ford--who became president on Richard Nixon's resignation and was the nation's first non-elected vice president--had been

answer

House minority leader.

question

Which of the following was the largest Protestant denomination, which grew 23 percent between 1970 and 1985?

answer

Southern Baptist

question

In the years from 1973 to 1975, the oil-exporting nations of OPEC

answer

declared an oil embargo against the United States.

question

Which of the following issues did evangelicals disregard as they fought against the influences of what they believed to be an immoral society?

answer

Individual rights

question

Which of the following statements characterizes affirmative action?

answer

Opponents, many of whom had opposed civil rights, charged that it was reverse discrimination.

question

Nuclear reactors account for what percentage of all U.S. power generation today?

answer

20 percent

question

The National Environmental Policy Act (1970) required developers to

answer

file environmental impact statements on the effect of projects on ecosystems.

question

What accounted for the dramatic decline of the American labor movement in the 1970s and 1980s?

answer

The process of deindustrialization

question

What happened to the typical American worker's real wages between 1973 and the early 1990s?

answer

Wages declined by 10 percent.

question

Who was the presidential candidate who ran as a Washington outsider and promised to clean up government?

answer

Jimmy Carter

question

A nuclear reactor came close to meltdown in 1979 at

answer

Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania.

question

Why did the U.S. economy suffer from inflation in the mid-1970s?

answer

It was brought on in part by military spending in Vietnam.

question

The post-Watergate political reforms passed by Congress

answer

made government more transparent.

question

Which of the following developments accounted for the dramatic increase in the number of women working outside the home in the 1970s?

answer

Stagflation

question

Which of the following statements describes the Nixon administration's domestic policies?

answer

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was signed into law by Nixon and had broad bipartisan support.

question

How did the United States respond to the OPEC oil embargo in the early 1970s?

answer

Congress passed a law limiting highway speeds to 55 miles per hour.

question

Who was the famous, openly gay supervisor from San Francisco who was assassinated after helping win passage of a gay rights ordinance?

answer

Harvey Milk

question

The resurgence of Christian faith in the United States during the 1970s and 1980s has been labeled by historians as the

answer

Fourth Great Awakening.

question

Who masterminded the 1972 break-in at the Democratic National Headquarters in the Watergate complex?

answer

Members of the Committee to Re-elect the President

question

Which of the following U.S. industries was most badly hurt by deindustrialization in the 1970s?

answer

Steel

question

Rachel Carson is associated with

answer

the rebirth of environmental activism.

question

Economic competition from West Germany and Japan led to

answer

deindustrialization.

question

In the 1970s, the phenomenon of deindustrialization in the United States was most visible in the

answer

Northeast and the Midwest.

question

Which of the following describes the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)?

answer

It was ratified by thirty-four states by the end of 1974, but its progress stalled.

question

Christian activists in the late 1970s and early 1980s made which of the following issues a high priority?

answer

Combatting the proliferation of pornography in American society

question

Why did President Ford pardon Nixon a month after Ford took office in 1973?

answer

He wished to spare the country the agony of rehashing Watergate.

question

In the case of Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), the Supreme Court struck down an 1879 state law prohibiting the purchase and use of

answer

contraception.

question

How did the Supreme Court led by Warren Burger compare to that led by Earl Warren?

answer

The Burger Court refused to scale back the Warren Court's liberal precedents

question

Why did the federal deficit grow dramatically in the late 1960s?

answer

The government had spent huge sums on the Great Society programs and the Vietnam War.

question

In an attempt to combat stagflation, President Carter

answer

deregulated the transportation industries.

question

Which group established the first rape crisis centers in the early 1970s?

answer

Women's liberationists

question

The Supreme Court's decision in Roe v. Wade was based on

answer

the right to privacy.

question

Which of the following statements describes the feminist movement in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s?

answer

Feminist activism addressed many issues, took a variety of forms, and affected millions of women.

question

Which of the following made a critical contribution to the emergence of the sexual revolution of the 1960s?

answer

The birth control pill

question

The impact of the Supreme Court's decision in Webster v. Reproductive Health Services was that

answer

states won the right to restrict the use of public funds and institutions for abortions.

question

The Moral Majority was founded by which of the following evangelical Christians?

answer

Jerry Falwell

question

Which of the following was true of the United States in the mid-1980s?

answer

The United States registered a negative balance of international payments.

question

The Moral Majority favored

answer

a ban on abortion.

question

Which of the following issues did the New Right reject during the 1980 presidential election?

answer

Increasing federal spending on social welfare programs

question

Which of the following factors made it possible for Barry Goldwater to capture the Republican Party nomination for president in 1964?

answer

His publication of two books, widely read and praised by conservatives

question

By increasing America's arms buildup in its defense against communism, President Reagan abandoned the diplomatic policy of

answer

Richard Nixon.

question

Iran released the American hostages and ended the long hostage crisis

answer

on the day Carter left office after the 1980 presidential election.

question

Which of the following additions to the Republican platform reflected the influence of the Religious Rights in 1980?

answer

A mandatory death penalty for certain crimes

question

In 1975, Bill Gates and Paul Allen founded

answer

Microsoft.

question

Which of the following is an important conservative organizational think tank that gave institutional support to the New Right?

answer

The American Enterprise Institute

question

In the 1988 presidential election, George H. W. Bush defeated

answer

Michael Dukakis.

question

Between 1973 and 1992, the productivity of American workers

answer

increased by 1 percent a year.

question

Which of the following is true of the Reagan presidency?

answer

The national debt tripled.

question

After the 1980 election, which of the following parties gained control of the U.S. Senate for the first time since 1954?

answer

The Republicans

question

Who did President Reagan christen as the "heroes for the eighties"?

answer

Self-made entrepreneurs

question

Which of the following describes Ronald Reagan's showing in the 1984 election?

answer

Ronald Reagan won a landslide victory.

question

The person who contributed most directly to the rise of conservatism in American politics after World War II was

answer

Barry Goldwater.

question

Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of glasnost and perestroika resulted in

answer

a new willingness to tolerate significant changes in Soviet society.

question

Ronald Reagan's 1980 victory can be attributed to

answer

Americans' frustrations over the nation's declining prosperity and power.

question

During the Reagan administration, the CIA funded an anticommunist movement in

answer

Central America.

question

Why did the Russian economy fall further behind that of capitalist societies in the postwar years?

answer

Soviet businesses lacked market incentives to improve and innovate.

question

Which of the following is true regarding the 1991 Persian Gulf War?

answer

The United States acted with the approval of the UN Security Council.

question

Reaganomics increased the share of wealth held by

answer

corporations and wealthy Americans.

question

Which of the following was the central theme of Carter's foreign policy throughout his administration?

answer

A commitment to human rights

question

In 1985, over two hundred American marines were killed in an explosion in

answer

Lebanon.

question

Which of the following was an outcome of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981?

answer

A $200 billion cut in the federal government's annual revenue

question

Supply-side economics, as practiced by the Reagan administration, rested on

answer

using tax cuts to stimulate investment, which would eventually result in higher tax revenues.

question

During the 1970s and 1980s, which of the following nations became the second largest economy in the world?

answer

Japan

question

America's main economic competitors in the world market in the 1980s were

answer

West Germany and Japan

question

On which of the following issues would the conservative Cato Institute and Heritage Foundation have registered fierce opposition in the 1980s?

answer

Increasing corporate regulation

question

Which of the following was true of Republicans in the 1980s?

answer

Their core was upper-middle-class white Protestants.

question

American foreign policy changed dramatically as a result of President Reagan's rapport with

answer

Mikhail Gorbachev.

question

Which is true of the AIDS crisis of the 1980s and 1990s?

answer

More Americans died of AIDS than were killed in the Korean and Vietnam Wars combined.

question

How did the conservatives of the Cold War era differ from the American conservatives of the early twentieth century?

answer

Cold War conservatives reversed their earlier isolationism.

question

Which of the following describes Sandra Day O'Connor?

answer

She was the first woman appointed to the Supreme Court.

question

Which of the following describes the New Right in 1980?

answer

Its leaders opposed big government and feared declining social morality.

question

Which of the following was one of the factors leading to Ronald Reagan's Republican victory in 1980?

answer

His positive attitude and decisive demeanor

question

Which of the following precipitated a crisis in American-Iranian relations in 1979?

answer

American support for the deposed shah of Iran

question

Which of the following was a lasting legacy of Ronald Reagan?

answer

His conservative judicial appointments

question

Why has it been so difficult for conservative politicians to shrink the size and scope of the federal government?

answer

The government is entrenched in the social, economic, and defense welfare of Americans.

question

Conservative Protestants and Catholics joined together as part of the Religious Right and condemned

answer

feminism.

question

The well-known movie actor Ronald Reagan gained political experience after World War II in

answer

the Screen Actors Guild.

question

The profits from the secret sale of arms to Iran in the 1980s were used to

answer

aid the Contras, an opposition group in Nicaragua.

question

What was President Carter's major achievement for world peace in 1978?

answer

Brokering a "framework for peace" for Egypt and Israel

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