2015 Final Exam Study/Review, Chem 1 – Flashcards
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Horizontal row in the Periodic Table
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Period
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Vertical column in the Periodic Table
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Group
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A repetition of properties occurs when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
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periodic law
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type of element that is a good conductor of heat/current
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metal
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type of element characterized by the presence of electrons in the D orbital
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transition metal
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one-half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms when the atoms are joined
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atomic radius
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basis for Mendeleev's arrangement of the periodic table
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atomic mass
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subatomic particles that are transferred to for positive and negative ions
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electrons
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ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound
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electronegativity
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energy required to remove an electron from an atom
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ionization energy
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an electron is the highest occupied energy level of an atom
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valence electron
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atoms react so as to acquire the stable electron structure of a noble gas
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octet rule
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a depiction of valence electrons around the symbol of an element
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electron dot structure
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an anion of chlorine or other halogen
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halide ion
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the force of attraction binding oppositely charged ions together
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ionic bond
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the attraction of valence electrons for metal ions
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metallic bond
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the number of ions of opposite charge surrounding each ion in a crystal
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coordination number
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a depiction of the arrangement of atoms in molecules and poly-atomic ions
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structural formula
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a covalent bond in which only one pair of electrons is shared
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single covalent bond
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a covalent bond in which the shared electron pair comes from only one of the atoms
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coordinate covalent bond
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a covalent bond between two atoms of significantly different electronegativities
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polar bonds
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a type of bond that is very important in determining the properties of water and of important biological molecules such as proteins and DNA
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hydrogen bonds
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consists of a single atom with a positive and negative charge
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monatomic ion
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atom or group of atoms having a negative charge
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anion
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atom or group of atoms having a positive charge
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cation
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tightly bound group of atoms that behaves as a unit and carries a net charge
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polyatomic ion
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compound composed of two different elements
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binary compound
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produces a hydrogen ion when dissolved in water
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acid
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produced a hydroxide ion when dissolved in water
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base
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In any chemical compound, the masses of elements are always in the same proportion by mass
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law of definite proportions
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when two elements form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with the same mass of the other element are in the ratio of small, whole numbers
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law of multiple proportions
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a chemical equation that does not indicate relative amounts of reactants and products
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skeleton equation
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a new substance formed in a chemical reaction
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product
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a starting substance in a chemical reaction
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reactant
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a concise representation of a chemical reaction
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chemical equations
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an equation in which each side has the same number of atoms of each element
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balanced equation
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This quantity can always be used in the same way as moles when interpreting balanced chemical equations
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number of molecules
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This is conserved only in reactions where the temperature is constant and the number of moles of gaseous reactants is the same as that of gaseous products.
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volume
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This is conserved in every ordinary chemical reaction
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mass
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the reactant that determines the amount of product that can be formed in a reaction
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limiting reagent
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the maximum amount of product that could be formed from given amounts of reactants
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theoretical yield
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the reactant that is not completely used up in a reaction
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excess reagent
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the amount of product formed when a reaction is carried out in the laboratory
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actual yield
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the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield
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percent yield
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Compared with the electronegativities of the elements on the left side of a period, the electronegativities of the elements on the right side of the same period tend to be ____.
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higher
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The octet rule states that, in chemical compounds, atoms tend to have ____.
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the electron configuration of a noble gas
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A compound composed of cations and anions is called a(n) _______.
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ionic compound
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An ionic bond is a bond between ____.
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a cation and an anion
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The chemical formula of an ionic compound shows
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the lowest whole-number ratio between ions in the ionic compound
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The shape of the methane molecule is ____.
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tetrahedral
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A bond formed between a silicon atom and an oxygen atom is likely to be ____.
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polar covalent
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When placed between oppositely charged metal plates, the region of a water molecule attracted to the negative plate is the ____.
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hydrogen region of the molecule
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Binary molecular compounds are made of two ____.
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nonmetallic elements
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In naming a binary molecular compound, the number of atoms of each element present in the molecule is indicated by ____.
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prefixes
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When dissolved in water, acids produce ____..
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hydrogen ions
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When naming acids, the prefix hydro- is used when the name of the acid anion ends in ____
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-ide
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When the name of an anion that is part of an acid ends in -ite, the acid name includes the suffix ____
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-ous
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In any chemical compound, the elements are always combined in the same proportion by ____.
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mass
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Avogadro's number of representative particles is equal to one ____.
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mole
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The atomic masses of any two elements contain the same number of ____.
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atoms
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The molar mass of C7H16 and the molar mass of CaCO3 contain approximately the same number of ____.
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grams
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The volume of one mole of a substance is 22.4 L at STP for all ____.
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gases
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The molar volume of a gas at STP occupies ____.
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22.4 L
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The molar mass of a substance can be calculated from its density alone, if that substance is a(n) ____.
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gas at STP
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The lowest whole-number ratio of the elements in a compound is called the ____
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empirical formula
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In every balanced chemical equation, each side of the equation has the same number of ____.
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atoms of each element
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When potassium hydroxide and barium chloride react, potassium chloride and barium hydroxide are formed. The balanced equation for this reaction is ____
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2KOH BaCl = 2KCl Ba(OH)2
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The type of reaction that takes place when one element reacts with a compound to form a new compound and a different element is a ____.
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single-replacement reaction
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The calculation of quantities in chemical equations is called ____.
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stoichiometry
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When two substances react to form products, the reactant which is used up is called the ____.
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limiting reagent
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Give the electron configuration for a neutral atom of beryllium
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1s(2) 2s2
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Give the electron configuration for a neutral atom of chlorine
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1s(2) 2s(2) 2p(6) 3s(2) 3p(5)
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Give the electron configuration for a neutral atom of selenium
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1s(2) 2s(2) 2p(6) 3s(2) 3p(6) 3d(10) 4s(2) 4p(4)
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Which group of elements in the periodic table is known as the alkali metals?
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1a
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Which group in the periodic table is known as the noble gases?
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8a
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What is the name for the Group 2A elements?
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alkaline earth metals
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About what percent of elements is classified as metals?
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80%
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What is the electron configuration of oxygen?
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1s(2) 2s(2) 2p(4)
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What is the electron configuration of sulfur?
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1s(2) 2s(2) 2p(6) 3s(2) 3p(4)
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What orbital is filled when iodine gains an electron to become a negative ion?
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5p
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In which group in the periodic table do the elements have the highest electronegativity values?
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7a
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Give the electron configuration for the lithium ion.
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1s(2)
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Give the electron configuration for the chloride ion.
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1s(2) 2s(2) 2p(6) 3s(2) 3p(6)
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Give the electron configuration for the oxide ion
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1s(2) 2s(2) 2p(6)
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. Write the formula for the compound barium oxide
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BaO
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Write the formula for the compound rubidium phosphide.
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Rb3P
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Write the formula for the compound boron chloride
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BCl3
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How many representative particles are in 1.45 g of a molecular compound with a molar mass of 237 g?
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3.68 x 10^21 molecules
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Find the mass in grams of 3.10 x 10^23 molecules of F2.
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19.6g
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Find the number of moles of argon in 607 g of argon.
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15.2 mol
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What is the percent composition of NiO, if a sample of NiO with a mass of 41.9 g contains 33.1 g Ni and 8.8 g O?
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21% O 79% Ni
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If a total of 13.5 mol of NaHCO3 and 4.5 mol of c6h8O7 react, how many moles of CO2 and Na3C6H5O7 will be produced?
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13.5 mol CO2 4.15 mol Na3C6H5O7
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If 8.00 mol of NH reacted with 14.0 mol of O , how many moles of H O will be produced?
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12 mol h20
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What is the mole ratio of D to A in the generic chemical reaction? 2A + B = C + 3D
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3:2
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How many electrons are in the highest occupied energy level of a neutral strontium atom?
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2
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How many electrons are there in the highest occupied energy level of atoms in Group 5A elements?
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5
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How many electrons are in a rubidium ion (Rb+)?
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36
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How many electrons does the ion Ca^(2+) contain?
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18
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How many valence electrons are in bromine?
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7
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What is the charge of a particle having 9 protons and 10 electrons?
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1-
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How many valence electrons does an iodine atom have?
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7
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What is the total number of covalent bonds normally associated with a single carbon atom in a compound?
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4
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How many electrons are shared in a single covalent bond?
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2
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How many electrons does a nitrogen atom need to gain in order to attain a noble-gas electron configuration?
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3
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How many unshared pairs of electrons does the nitrogen atom in ammonia possess?
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1
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How many electrons does carbon need to gain in order to obtain a noble-gas electron configuration?
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4
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How many electrons are shared in a double covalent bond?
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4
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How many covalent bonds are in a covalently bonded molecule containing 1 phosphorus atom and 3 chlorine atoms?
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3
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What is the bond angle in a water molecule?
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105
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Write the charge of an chloride ion.
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-1
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What is the charge on the polyatomic nitrite and chlorite ions?
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-1
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What is the charge on the cation in CuSO ?
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+2
