2. EARLY RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS – Flashcards
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Early civilizations developed along major rivers about 11,000 years ago. Which of the following was included as a consequence of early civilizations? Select all correct responses.
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Governments and religion Mathematics and astronomy
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Some scholars believe that before they can have true civilization, societies must develop _____.
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Cities
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Select two items that a civilization must have before cities can exist.
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Large population of farmers Enough food
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The modern state is normally held to be _____ development.
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A recent
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The tools and processes to make things and to satisfy human needs is the definition of _____.
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Technology
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The invention that made food production more efficient was the _____.
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Plow
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The interdependence of an advanced society demands the division or specialization of _____.
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Labor
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Isolated, self-sufficient economic units mark a more _____ economy.
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primitive
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Choose the polytheistic civilizations: (Select all that apply)
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Greeks Romans Egyptians Indians
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Select four elements of civilization.
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Technology Division of labor Commerce and trade (Missing one)
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Put the progress of early humans in the correct order of occurrence.
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1. first; discovered fertile valleys 2. second; settled down and developed agrarian societies 3. third; domesticated animals 4. fourth; developed agriculture 5. fifth; formed communities and civilizations
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Ancient Egypt was concentrated along the _____.
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Nile River
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The Indus Valley is situated between what two nations?
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Pakistan and India
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The Indus Valley civilization was known for its _____.
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Streets in a grid of rectangles (Partial)
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The economy of these early civilizations was based on _____.
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Agriculture
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Who owned everything in Egypt?
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Pharaoh
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Match the civilization with its famous architecture.
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1. Egypt: Pyramids 2. Mesopotamia; Ziggurats 3. Indus Valley; Water tank and citadels
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The Epic of Gilgamesh was the product of the _____ civilization.
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Mesopatamian
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This civilization invented a form of writing called hieroglyphics.
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Egypt
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A kind of writing that used pictures of objects is called _____.
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Pictographs
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Cuneiform was a writing system developed by the _____.
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Sumerians
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The Code of Hammurabi consisted of _____.
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A set of laws
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The Indus Valley civilization did much of its writing on _____.
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Seals
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Which civilization's writing has never been decoded?
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Harappan
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Which of the following did the Code of Hammurabi regulate?
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marriage slavery farming slander
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Once there was a food surplus, complexity within early river civilizations increased, as did __________, according to the archaeological record.
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Trade and commerce
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The main economic activity of Egyptian, Harappan, and Sumerian civilizations was _____.
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Agriculture
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What were the names of the two groups the Egyptians traded with in Africa?
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Kushites and Nubians
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What are some inventions or ideas that helped to advance trade?
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flat-bottomed boats carts driven by animals seagoing vessels
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What new social classes emerged due to advancements in agriculture?
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artisans, laborers, and merchants
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Trade and commerce between civilizations helped to _____.
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exchange new ideas spread languages share new inventions
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Trade brought people together with the exchange of goods, raw materials, and ideas. This was possible due to:
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Advancements in communication
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One example of a moral code would be _____.
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Code of Hammurabi
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Monotheistic means _____.
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Belief in one god
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Which river system is NOT a location of the first civilizations?
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Yangtze
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The Mesopotamia region was famous for what architecture?
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Ziggurats
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The economy of early civilizations was based around _____.
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Agriculture
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What nation was called "the gift of the Nile"?
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Egypt
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Sumer was located in a region called _____.
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Mesopotamia
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Cuneiform is a type of _____.
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Writing
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This ancient book tells the story of a mythical king and a worldwide flood.
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The Epic of Gilgamesh
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What was needed as a surplus to help create trade between cultures?
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Crops
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Trade was foundational to the growth of cities because it ______.
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guaranteed an exchange of goods and ideas
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An advanced society is marked by _____.
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Commerce and Trade
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What was the punishment for the majority of the first 26 laws?
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Death
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What type of civilization was Babylon, according to the following law from the Code of Hammurabi? 38. A chieftain, man, or one subject to quit-rent cannot assign his tenure of field, house, and garden to his wife or daughter, nor can he assign it for a debt.
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agrarian
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Why was the development of mathematics important in Egyptian society?
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It helped regulate commerce and trade. Taxes could be more accurately assessed. Better buildings could be built.
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List the social classes of the Shang Dynasty in order.
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top level: Nobles second level: Priests third level: Craftsmans bottom level: Peasants/ slaves
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The most significant contribution of the Shang Dynasty was _____.
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Writing
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The mythical culture that turned out to be real was called the _____.
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Xia
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Both the Shang Dynasty and the Xia Dynasty were located along which river?
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Yellow River
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_____ offered strong evidence of the existance of the Xia Dynasty.
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Uncovering artifacts of an advanced society
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This region is thought to be the birthplace of the plow, around 3000 B.C.
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Mesopotamia
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Three benefits of the plow are _____.
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greater possible yields the use of residue of the remaining crops as fertilizer a reduced amount of weeds
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Rice is the world's third-largest crop behind _____.
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Wheat and Corn
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It is believed rice originated in the regions of _____.
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China
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The island of Crete was inhabited by the _____.
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Minoans
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Early seafaring trade centered on the _____.
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Mediterranean Sea
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What was an essential key factor in the development of civilization during this period?
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reliable trade networks
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The Chinese dynasty that followed the Xia was called _____.
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Shang
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Which was NOT a member of early Chinese social classes?
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Scribes
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What pattern was set for future Chinese dynasties?
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son or closest relative rules after the king dies
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Choose the best historical explanation of oracle bones.
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Royal use of questioning the future on a bone that later provided evidence of writing of the Shang Dynasty.
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The most important contribution of the Shang Dynasty was _____.
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Writing
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Three early trading cultures along the Mediterranean Sea were _____.
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Crete, Byblos, Ugarit
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How is the humble plow, one of the most important inventions in history, is important to farmers? Select all correct responses.
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It turns the top soil and any remaing crop over, producing fertilizer. It breaks up the soil for easier planting. By turning over the soil, weeds are reduced.
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The Minoans inhabited the island of _____.
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Crete
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Shang Dynasty craftsmen were known for their _____.
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All of the above
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The majority of Shang Dynasty writing was done on _____.
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Bamboo
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Early traders navigated the seas with the help of the _____.
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North Star
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Crete was the crossroads that linked what three cultures?
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Africa, Asia, Europe
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The Minoan civilization is known for _____.
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architecture silk agriculture (Partial)
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Which of the following were advanced by trade in the second millennium? Select all that apply.
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civilizations cultural exchanges mercantilism language development
