2.2 PBS Study Guide – Flashcards
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Adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP)
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A compound composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups that supplies energy for many biochemical cellular processes by undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Amino Acid
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An organic monomer which serves as a building block of proteins.
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Calorie
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The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C; also the amount of heat energy that 1 g of water releases when it cools by 1°C. The Calorie (with a capital C), usually used to indicate the energy content of food, is a kilocalorie.
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Carbohydrate
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A sugar in the form of a monosaccharide, disaccharide or polysaccharide.
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Chemical Bond
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An attractive force that holds together the atoms, ions, or groups of atoms in a molecule or compound.
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Chemical Indicator
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A substance (as a dye) used to show visually usually by its capacity for color change, the condition of a solution with respect to the presence of free acid or alkali or some other substance.
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Chemical Reaction
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Chemical transformation or change; the interaction of chemical entities.
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Compound
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A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio.
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Covalent bond
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A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons.
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Dehydration Synthesis
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A chemical reaction in which two molecules are bonded together with the removal of a water molecule.
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Disaccharide
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A double sugar molecule made of two monosaccharides bonded together through dehydration synthesis.
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Element
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The smallest particle of a substance that retains all the properties of the substance and is composed of one or more atoms.
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Glucose
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A monomer of carbohydrate, simple sugar.
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Homeostasis
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The maintenance of relatively stable internal physiological conditions (as body temperature or the pH of blood) in higher animals under fluctuating environmental conditions.
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Hydrolysis
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A chemical process that splits a molecule by adding water.
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Ionic bond
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A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
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Lipid
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One of a family of compounds including fats, phospholipids, and steroids that is insoluble in water.
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Macromolecule
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A type of giant molecule formed by joining smaller molecules which includes proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids.
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Molecule
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Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
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Monomer
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The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.
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Monosaccharide
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A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.
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Nutrient
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A substance that is needed by the body to maintain life and health
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Polymer
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A large molecule consisting of many repeating chemical units or molecules linked together.
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Polysaccharide
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A polymer of thousands of simple sugars formed by dehydration synthesis.
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Protein
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A three dimensional polymer made of monomers of amino acids.
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Benedicts
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Glucose
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Lugols
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Starch and Purple
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Biuret
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Protein
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Carbohydrate
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H,C,O/ glucose/ gives body energy
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Lipid
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H,C,O/ fats that can build up in body/
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Protein graph
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Amino acids/ build muscle and help with energy/
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Nucleic Tide
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O,D,C,H,N nucleo tide
