19th Century Europe Review – Flashcards
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What is a person who wishes to return to a former system or way of life?
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reactionary
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What countries participated in the Crimean War?
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Russia, Britain, France, Ottoman empire
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Proletariat-
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workers
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What did the term legitamacy mean in reference to the Congress at Vienna?
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The rightful governments of the countries invaded by Napoleon
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What term describes the sweeping change in technology and business organization in the 18th and 19th centuries?
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Industrial Revolution
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Who wanted to see a grand "Holy Alliance"?
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Alexander I
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What is Rothschild associated with?
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Rich, French, banking family in Europe
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Who holds most the power in UK today?
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Prime minister
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Who fought in the 7 weeks war?
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Prussia and Austria
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What philosophy favors workers groups controlling society?
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Syndicalism
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Causes of Industrial Revolution-
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use of power driven machine, new production techiniques, more efficent steel production, transportation and communication, banking and capitalism
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Results of the Industrial Revolution-
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agriculture transformed, population changes, worker exploitation, new divergent theories on economy
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"Passion for destruction is a creative passion"
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Mikhail Bakunin
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"Greatest good for the greatest number is best"
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Bentham
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Describe a capitalist economic system-
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Private ownership of the means of production, competition results in the best products at the best prices
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System with public ownership and gov't control of economy-
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socialism
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Represented France at the Congress of Vienna-
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Bishop Maurice de Talleyrand
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Bourbon King restored at Vienna-
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Louis XVIII
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Prussian Prime minister that united German states-
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Otto von Bismarck
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Piedmontese Prime Minister that united Italian states-
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Camillo Cavour
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Term for leader of Germany-
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emporer
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War between France and Prussia-
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Franco-Prussian war
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This war was triggered by this edited telegram-
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Ems dispatch
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Years of revolutions
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1830 and 1848
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British monarch, 1837-1901
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Victoria I
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Leader of Red shirts in Italian states-
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Giuseppe Garibaldi
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British protective tariff on grains
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Corn laws
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Leader of France, 1848-1871
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Napoleon III
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French monarch, called "the Citizen king"
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Louis Phillippe
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French word, characterized their feelings for Germany after 1871
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revanche- revenge!
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This work celebrates Russian victory over Napoleon
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War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy
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Electoral districts in Britain which were vastly overrepresented
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Rotten boroughs
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World-wide anthem of Marxist groups
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The Internationale
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Large working-class movement in Great Britain during the 1830s
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Chartism
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Two major obstacles to Italian unity
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Austria and the church
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Adam Smith
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Founder of modern capitalist economics
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Jeremy Bentham
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Utilitarianism
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JS Mill
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Universal suffrage, women'srights
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Thomas Malthus
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Malthusian theory- population increase does not match food increase
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Herbert Spencer
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Social Darwinism
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Robert Owen
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utopian socialism- started utopian communes
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Charles Kingsley
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Christian socialism- applies Christian ideas to socialism
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Louis Blanc
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Socialist, wanted to prove it could be a national system
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Mikhail Bakunin
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Anarchy, revolutionary, believed in violence
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George Sorel
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Syndicalism- direct action by the working class to abolish capitalism
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David Ricardo
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Theory of Comparative Advantage- free trade, Iron Law of Wages- cycle of abundance=more kids, poverty=less kids
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Giuseppe Mazzini
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Formed a group called "young Italy" to work toward Italian independence and unification
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Benjamin Disraeli
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Leader of Tories in Britain- conservative party
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Rudyard Kipling
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Wrote "White Man's Burden"
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Alfred Dreyfus
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Charged with treason mostly because he was a Jew- began modern antisemitism
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Explain nationalism
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extreme pride in one's country- leads to imperialism
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Explain liberalism
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Wants progress- stressed representative gov't, equality, individual freedom, separation of church and state
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Explain conservatism
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Wants things to stay as they are- favors monarchy, aristocracy, change should be slow and deliberate, strong military is necessary, organized religion plays a key role in society, believed that radical ideas cause war/chaos
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Explain realpolitik
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Advocated ANY action which will advance the interest of the state, use force, coersion, involves manipulative actions that can lead to the threat of war
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Explain Metternich
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Austrian Reactionary, hated liberals, dominated the European scene from 1815-1845, hosted Congress of Vienna- encouraged legitamacy
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Explain social darwinism
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The lower classes are there for a reason, they will die out and the better classed will live on- also, best businesses will live on, don't help the weak, they will just have weak children, "It's cruel to be kind"
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Explain Marxism
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Lack of classes, "from each according to his ability, to each according to need"
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Explain the Congress of Vienna
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Meeting of nations that had banded together to defeat Napoleon, to put Europe back together. Key issues: legitimacy, compensation- of $$ and land, alliances- concert of Europe
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Explain the Industrial Revolution
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RApid sweeping change in technology and business organization, originating in Europe, late 1700s-early1800s, see above for causes/effects
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Explain Laissez faire
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Gov't should stay out of economy, "let it be", self-regulating, Adam Smith
