1848 Revolution(chapter 13) – Flashcards
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why did a series of revolution erupt across Europe in 1848?
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Severe food shortages the commercial and industrial economy were very depressed(unemployment has risen) Poor living condition the government's inability to help its own citizen angered the country as a whole (loss of faith and legitimacy of rule)
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all around the European country, who were the main force in having many changes?
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political liberals
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what did political liberals do?
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continued to push for their program of a more representative government, civil liberty, and unregulated economic life (like repealing corn laws) allies with the urban working class which put a great pressure on the national government
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German, Hungarians, Italians, Czechs, and smaller national group in Europe had stong_______________
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nationalism
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after the various revolution that happened in the 1848, were these liberals successful?
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NO!!!
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what groups remained the strongest group after the revolution of 1848?
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conservative
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________had a first spark of revolution in 1848
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France
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___________vs______________(Hint: first spark in the franch revolution of 1848)
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liberal politicians , Louis Philippe's corrupt regime and his minister guizot
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what did liberal politicans do to go against the king(monarch)?
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form the series of political banquets
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did liberal politicans get the attention of the French citizens?
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yes!
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French people wanted their nation to change so they did-------------
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throw away the furniture on a street ERECTED BARRICADE
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t/f both Louis Philippe and his minister Guizot resigned
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true
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the liberal opposition was led by---------
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Alphonse de Lamartine
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Alphonese de Lamartine organized----------
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provisional government
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Alphonse de Lamartine and other liberals ---------------
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wanted to write a constitution and call for election
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various working class in paris led by----------
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Louis blanc
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Louis blanc and other working class wanted--------
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to have representative in the cabinet and also have political and social revolution
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who finally became the minister from the working class
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Louis blanc
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under blanc, the provisional government-------
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turned into a national workshop to provide work and relief for thousands unemployers
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the result of the election of april 23rd in france--------------*universal male suffrage*not including women
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disapproved the national workshop idea by Louis blanc for many people were frightened by that idea
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because of that election, the_________and the _________had a clash
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unemployed workers, government troops detail explantion unemployed workers basically went on a strike which made the national workshop to close down during that close down the gov. troops came to the national workshop to settle the order and while that is happening the new entrents were opened to take the previous workers' spot
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On june 24th in france-------------(date hint: all during the French revolution of 1848)
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another barricade happened general Louis Cavaignac, with troops from the conservatice countryside, moved to destroy the barricades and quit the disturbances during the next two days, more than 400 were killed 3000 were killed in the street fighting
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June days
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when Parisians people rose up again and throw away the barricades against the conservative wanting more change in the country Cavaignc and his conservative troops overthrow them
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why is june days soo significant?
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this can tells us that conservative is gaining power in French's life
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in the election of 1848 the new president was________-
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Louis Napoleon Bonaparte(nephew of the napoleon Bonaparte)
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after many disturbance between liberals and conservatives--------------
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Bonaparte sought a chance to rule in france plus many French people looked up to the Bonaparte with such hopeful sprit
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election of the Louis napoleon leads to_______-
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doom of the second republican state he demanded with national assembly members that HE IS THE ONLY WILL OF THE NATION
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on December 2, 1851, national assembly wanted to-----------
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reelect the president
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BUT what did Louis napoleon do to stop the reelection?
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on the anniversary of the great napoleon(the general) anniversary of the victory at Austerlitz, Louis Napoleon seized the power. And also, troops scattered throughout the meeting and Louis napoleon called for the new election
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despite the unworthy action of the Louis napoleon, people of france still------------
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elected him on December 21, 1851 (7.5 million voters supported Louis napoleon)
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when Louis napoleon became napoleon III, what also has change in the perspective of the French history?
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france turned from republicanism to caesarism(going backward in time like 300 years!)
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when did the habsburg trouble began?
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march 3, 1848
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how did the habsburg trouble began?
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Louis Kossuth(hugarian nationalist and member of the Hungarian diet) pushed for the independence of the hungary and demended a responsible ministry under the hungary dynasty 10 days later, students inspirited by the Kossuth's speech also fought for the Hungarian independence.
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did all of those revolution caused by Kossuth and local students went successful?
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Kind a...cause Matternich flee away Ferdinand had weak mind so he promised the right to create the constitution
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was the student/Kossuth satisfied?
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no, student kept pushed further toward the gov. of Vienna who was more concerned with the plight of the city workers
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what was the most thing that habsburg gov. feared?
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uprising of the serfs because serfs were already destroying their records in the master's house
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this Vienna uprising helped for the surf because-----------
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habsburg government abolished serfdom to get rid of the serf uprising on top of the Hungarian independence movement
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the march revolution of the hungary(that's all the situation related with Kossuth) is mainly concerned with-----------
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liberals supported by nobles who wanted to get aristocratic liberties guaranteed by the central government
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march law
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equality of religion, jury trials, election of lower champber of diet, free press, payment of taxes by nobility Ferdinand approved these b/c he did not had much power
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Romania, croatia, and serb were 3 countries that--------
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hungary annexed or magyarization or hugarian
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did Romania, Croatia, and serb liked magyarization?
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no, they liked to stey with habsburg empire because they thought that the Hapsburg provide much better opportunity as in preservation of their own cultures
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so in late march, Vienna government sent __________ to help in the Hungarian revolution
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count joseph jellachich
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_________vs____________ in the Hungarian rebellion
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Hungarian government vs. non Hungarian people
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the Hungarian revolt represents the_______--
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liberals versus nationalism
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In early june, under the leadership of ______________, there was the first pan-Slavic congress
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Francis Palacky
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palacky wanted ----------
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national equality of all Slav nations and for the repression of all salvic people under Habsburng, Hungarian, german, and Slavic nation
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palacky did not wanted----------
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full independence because Russia would take advantage of it and if that happened slav nations will for sure dissolve again
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Russia, later on, used ------------ to gain support of nationalist minoritis in eastern europe
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pan -slavism
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pan-slavism
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the movement to create or federation that would embrace all the Slavic people of eastern europe
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When pan-Slavic congress closed, there was an_--------------------
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radical insurrection broke out in prague
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when, where, and how did the first state of the Italian revolution started?
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The Habsburg government faced war in northern Italy Its domination began in Milan on March 18. And Austrian general Count Joseph Wenzel Radetzky retreated from the city Then, King Albert of Pedmont(wanting to annex Lombardy) helped the rebels. Untill july, Austria had a bad time in Italy. It wasn't until when the new group of troops came and defeat the Pedmont and stopped the revolt that happened in Italy at that time. For the time being, northern Italian part was Austrian domination
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Italians wanted the Piedmont to--------
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drive away the Austrian force
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when the piedmont did not drove those Austrian force-------
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Italians turned away to pope pius IX who also had liberal causes for many Italians believed that he will unite Italy together
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Pope Pius IX did not reunite Italy because---------
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count pelligrino rossi was executed in rome (liberal minister) and want pope pius IX to appoint radical minister so the pope fled to naple for his refuge
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two republican nationalists who went to rome to really unite Italy together---------
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Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe garibaldi
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radicals demanded piedmont to have a war with Austria, does that went successful?
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nope
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French did not want Italy to get stronger because france wanted ----------
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france's southern border with Italy has to be preserved and also French wanted to protect its pope
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French attacked----------
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rome
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pope pius IX reject his---------
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liberalism
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the unity of Italy has to come from--------
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different direction
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the major revolution of Germany came from----------
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prussia
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who is the king of Prussia during the revolution of 1848?
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king Frederick William IV
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true or false King Frederick William IV was a very nice guy who changed the constitution and very liberal
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false, he did not introduce any constitutional or liberal ideas, very conservative man
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when there was a large attacks going around in berlin Frederick thought-------
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that it was caused by foreign conspirators and that he refused to change anything
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Frederick after the mass tragedy by berlin--------
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decided to write a constution, and next day, he appeared on the balcony to salute the corpses of his slain subjects. And also, Prussia agreed to help in german unification. Prussian monarchy surrendered
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Frederick appointed-----
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a liberal minister(David Hansemann)
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Prussian government----------
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was radical and democratic
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as time passed, king and his ministry-----
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ignore the assembly, the liberal ministry resigned, and monarch proclaimed its own constitution
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Prussian votes toward the government depended upon-----------
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the amounts of taxes that each person paid so only about 5 percent of population elected 1/3 of the Prussian parlianment
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ministry had to make an----------
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oath to the monarch/king
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Frankfurt Parliament
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alienated both German conservatives and German working class
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the Frankfurt parlianment challenged the existed political order because-------------
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separation of the working class and the liberals
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the problems of the working class is later on solved by the
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conservatives
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the frankfut parlianment also disputed with------------
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german unification small german group- exclude Austria large german group-include Austria they looked upon Prussia for big decision making role
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on march 27, 1849, the Frankfurt parliament created the
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constitution
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after the constitution, parliament asked Frederick to become king of germany
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he rejected it because he ruled by the grace of God than by the permission of man made constitution
