16.3 Providing First Aid for Bleeding and Wounds – Flashcards
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What is the difference between a close wound and an open wound?
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in an open wound there is a break in the skin or mucous membrane. with a closed wound, there is no break in the skin or mucous membrane but injury occurs to the underlying tissues.
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First aid care for wounds must be directed at controlling _____ and preventing _____.
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bleeding; infection
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List the correct name for each of the following types of open wounds. a. scrape on the knee: b. cut or injury by sharp object: c. jagged irregular injury with tearing: d. wound caused by sharp pointed object: e. tissue torn or separated from body: f. body part cut off:
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a. abrasion b. incision c. laceration d. puncture e. avulsion f. amputation
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Breifly describe the characteristics or signs and symptoms for each of the following types of bleeding a. arterial blood b. venous blood c. capillary blood
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a. spurts from a wound, results in heavy blood loss; bright red b. slower; steadier, dark red/ maroon; constant, can lead to large blood loss c. oozed the wound slowly; less red than arterial; clots easily
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List the four methods for controlling bleeding in the order in which they should be used
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* direct pressure * elevation * pressure bandage * pressure points
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Name two items that can be used to form a protective barrier while controlling bleeding
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* gloves * plastic wrap
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The main pressure point for the arm is the _____. The main pressure point in the leg is the _____.
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brachial artery; femoral artery
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List four ways to prevent infection while caring for minor wounds without severe bleeding
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* wash your hands thoroughly before treatment * put on gloved to avoid contamination from blood or fluid draining from the wounds * use soap and water and sterile gauze to wash wounds * wipe away from the wounds * discard wipe after each use * rinse the wound thoroughly with cool water
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List five signs of infection
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* swelling * heat * redness * pain * fever * pus * red streaks leading from wound
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If a tetanus infection is a possibility, what first aid is necessary?
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obtaining info about last tetanus shot from patient
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How should objects embedded deep in the tissues be removed?
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should be left in the skin and removed by a physician
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List six signs and symptoms of a closed wound.
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* pain * tenderness * swelling * deformity * cold and clammy skin * rapid and weak pulse * drop in BP * uncontrolled restlessness * excessive thirst * vomited blood * blood in urine or feces
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List four first aid treatments for a victim of a closed wound
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* check breathing * treat for shock * avoid unnecessary movement * avoid giving any fluids or food to the victim
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What other condition must you be prepared to treat while caring for wounds?
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shock
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At all times, remain _____ while providing first aid. Obtain _____ care as soon as possible.
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calm; medical
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shock
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condition that can occur with any illness or injury
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heat stroke
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medical emergency caused by prolonged exposure to heat
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laceration
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tearing of tissues to create a wound with jagged irregular edges
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hemorrhage
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excessive loss of blood
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strain
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over-stretching of a muscle
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diaphoresis
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excessive or profuse perspiration
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dressing
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sterile covering placed over a wound
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abrasion
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a scraping type of wound prone to infection
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frostbite
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freezing of tissue fluids accompanied by damage to the skin
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hypothermia
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low body temperature due to prolonged exposure to cold
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heat cramp
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muscle spasm caused by exposure to heat, loss of water and salt
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puncture
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wound created by a sharp object such as a pin or a nail
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amputation
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when a body part is cut off and separated from the body
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convulsion
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violent involuntary contraction of muscles
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bandage
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material used to secure splints or support body parts
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dyspnea
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difficult or labored respirations
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avulsion
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torn tissue hanging from the ear, nose, hand, or other body part
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sprain
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injury to the tissues surrounding a joint
