14 US History Chapter 14 – Flashcards
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Bessemer Process
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developed by Henry Bessemer, a process used to turn iron to steel
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Thomas Alva Edison
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established the world's 1st research lab, invented the light bulb, established power plants to generate electricity
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Edwin L. Drake
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1st person to use the steam engine to drill oil
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Christopher Sholes
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invented the typewriter
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Alexander Graham Bell
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invented the telephone
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transcontinental railroad
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completed in 1869, railroad that crossed the entire country
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George M. Pullman
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invented the sleeping cars for trains and built a town to house his workers
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Credit Mobilier
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construction company involved in a well-known case of corruption in the railroad industry
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Munn v. Illinois
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(1877) United States Supreme Court Case that ended up allowing states to regulate business within their borders, including railroads
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Interstate Commerce Act
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passed by Congress, gave the federal govt. authority to regulate railroad activities
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Andrew Carnegie
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Scottish immigrant became a giant in the steel industry using vertical & horizontal integration
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vertical integration
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buying out companies that supplied raw materials (iron &steel)
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horizontal integration
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buying out or merging with other steel companies
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Social Darwinism
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supported the ideas of competition, hard work, and responsibility
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John D. Rockefeller
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robber baron who was the head of the Standard Oil Company, he had
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Sherman Antitrust Act
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law that made it illegal to form a trust
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Samuel Gompers
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formed the AFL, he used strikes and collective bargaining to win higher wages and shorter workweeks for workers
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American Federation of Labor (AFL)
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union started by Samuel Gompers
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Eugene V. Debs
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leader of the American Railway Union ARU, he believed in industrial unionism
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Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
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a union of radicals and socialists
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Mary Harris Jones (Mother Jones)
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organized the United Mine Workers for better working conditions
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George Westinghouse
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developed ways to make electricity safer and less expensive
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Haymarket Affair
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In Chicago in 1886, a union protest resulted in about 100 dead after an unknown person threw a bomb, and police opened fire on the crowd. Union disruption.
