10th grade World History Renaissance & Reformation – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Renaissance
answer
The revival of art and literature under the influence of classical models in the 14th-16th centuries (also known as the rebirth)
question
Humanists
answer
A Renaissance scholar devoted to Humanism, italian scholars grammar, history, poetry rhetoric, education important to them, becoming involved in politics, art, human dignity, human individual achievement.
question
perspective
answer
art technique used for the first time in the renaissance, depth, life like
question
Michelangelo
answer
Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet; full name Michelangelo Buonarroti. A leading figure of the High Renaissance
question
Desiderius Erasmus
answer
Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe, praise of folly, criticized fasting, Churchs interpretation of the bible.
question
William Shakespeare
answer
English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616).
question
indulgence
answer
A grant by the pope of remission of the temporal punishment in purgatory still due for sins after absolution. The unrestricted sale of indulgences by pardoners was a widespread abuse during the later Middle Ages
question
95 Theses
answer
Written by Martin Luther in 1517 and widely regarded as the primary catalysts for the Protestant Reformation.
question
Henry VIII
answer
Son of Henry VII and King of England from 1509 to 1547; his divorce from Catherine of Aragon resulted in his break with the Catholic Church in 1534 and his excommunication 1538, leading to the start of the Reformation in England (1491-1547)- crazy, henry left church and created anglican church
question
theocracy
answer
A system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god Edict of Nantes
question
Council of Trent
answer
A council of the Roman Catholic Church convened in Trento in three sessions between 1545 and 1563 to examine and condemn the teachings of Martin Luther- acted to abolish the selling of indulgences, formed jesuits (society of jesus, started by Ignatius Layola).
question
Protestant reformers
answer
theologians, churchmen, and statesmen whose careers, works, and actions brought about the Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century.
question
Ignatius de Loyola
answer
A Spanish knight from a Basque noble family, hermit, priest since 1537, and theologian, who founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) and was its first Superior General.
question
almanacs
answer
predicted weather, included calendars maps medical advice.
question
Italian renaissance
answer
The early period when Italy was the center of the Renaissance. started ancient world to explore acheivements, emphasis on power of human reason, humanists and humanism, desidius erasmus
question
Niccolo Machiavelli
answer
A statesman of Florence who advocated a strong central government (1469-1527). wrote essay the prince which describes gov't, humanist, strict person believed that rulers should be strict, only thing ruler should be concerned about is success "better to be feared than to be loved."
question
Leonardo da vinci
answer
Italian painter, scientist, and engineer. His paintings include The Last Supper (1498) and the Mona Lisa (1504-05). engineer, architect, scientists, inventor, artist.
question
Johannes Gutenberg
answer
German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468)
question
Thomas Moore
answer
Irish poet who wrote nostalgic and patriotic verse (1779-1852). published utopia, criticized gov't, start of communism, was canonized as a saint for saying that henry wasn't the head of church because the pope is the head of the church.
question
Protestant Reformation
answer
A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches
question
Martin Luther
answer
German theologian who led the Reformation; believed that salvation is granted on the basis of faith rather than deeds (1483-1546)
question
Peace of Augsburg
answer
The Peace of Augsburg was a treaty between Charles V and the forces of the Schmalkaldic League, an alliance of Lutheran princes, on September 25, 1555, at the imperial city of Augsburg
question
John Calvin
answer
Swiss theologian (born in France) whose tenets (predestination and the irresistibility of grace and justification by faith) defined Presbyterianism (1509-1564)
question
Calvinists
answer
The theological system of John Calvin and his followers emphasizing omnipotence of God and salvation by grace alone, believe in riteous living, predestination, very strict and Puritanism is the same thing.
question
Counter-Reformation
answer
opposition of revolution, churches fighting back, attempt to become more spiritual, campaign to stop protestants.
question
Jesuits
answer
a religious order in the Catholic Church, known for their open-mindedness and high regard for education, patholocism, related a lot to humanists, they believed in education and started colleges, very low life standards and maintenance.
question
broadsides
answer
sheets of paper , first newspapers, single distributed sheets.
question
Why did the Renaissance take place?
answer
crusaders and trade brought them into contact with Byzantine Civilization, also trade in asia and Africa helped Italians learn form advancement in medicine and science, arabs africans had more advancements that Europeans.
question
Where did the Renaissance start?
answer
Italy
question
How & where did Renaissance spread after Italy?
answer
spread north because of humanists, reformation break in catholic church, if wasnd for rennaissance, reformation wouldn't have happened.
question
What process aided in the spreading of Renaissance ideas?
answer
printing press, first used in china, but eurpoeans didn't know about it and johannes Ghutenberg invented it in europe, scribes were mad, printed books would not last as long, people thought handwriting was prettier, made easy for humanists to spread ideas.
question
Where was a printing press first used in the world?
answer
China
question
Who brought the printing press to Europe?
answer
Johannes Gutenberg
question
Who was unhappy with Gutenberg's invention?
answer
Scribes
question
What impact did the printing press have upon the humanists?
answer
humanist ideas were being spread to much larger audiences
question
What effect did humanists criticism have on the Catholic Church?
answer
led to split in church
question
What allegations did the humanists make against the Catholic Church?
answer
seemed church was more interested in money than the souls of the people, thought popes were too political instead of moral leadership, acted more like politicians and warriors than leaders in morality and god. some priests engaged in misconduct, sale of indulgences.
question
Where did the first break in the Catholic Church take place? And Why?
answer
non unified germany, rulers were weak and could not enforce rules. church sent someone to sell indulgences, then martin luther criticized the selling of the indulgences because he thought that you could not redeem yourself of sins just by buying stuff to support church, 95 theses, then was excommunicated.
question
Why did Martin Luther get excommunicated?
answer
openly spoke against church doctrine, because he opposed church's beliefs.
question
How did Holy Roman Emperor Charles V handle Martin Luther at the Imperial Diet? Did it work?
answer
he told him to abandon his beliefs/ideas, and no it didn't, Frederick the Wise took lither and id him and he wrote the bible in german at that time. Didn't work because the church wasn't as respected as before.
question
What did Martin Luther do to help German's while he was under the protection of Frederick the Wise, Elector of Saxony?
answer
wrote bible in german.
question
How did Protestant receive their name?
answer
because they were protesting against the catholic church, and protesting how emperor was treating lutheranism.
question
What were Pope Paul III's contributions to the Catholic Church?
answer
brought inquisition to rome, burned people at the steak, BAD. worked to revive catholic church, called people to council of trent where they got rid of indulgences, tried to stop communism, index of forbidden books, council of trent- tighten discipline of clergy, stop indulgences, met three times, however, kept need for ceremonies.
question
To what extent was tolerance given to different religions at this time?
answer
zero tolerance
question
What were the results of the Protestant Reformation?
answer
new churches, religions in europe. new interest in education, universities are built, increase in power of national gov't, power of pope/church power decreases. counter reformation- led to increase in power of gov't, popes power goes down.
question
When did a lot of witch-hunting take place in Europe & when did it stop?
answer
began in mid 1500 lasted for 100 years, came to US as Salem Witch Trials, ended when religious wars ended.
question
What effect did the Black Death have on the standard of living in Europe?
answer
many peasants become free, demand for labor increased, strife.
question
What benefits were there from living in a city at this time?
answer
people to distribute food, distribution of goods, there was food storage, military, quarentine the sick, safety in numbers.
question
What replaced people's belief in superstition & witchcraft?
answer
rational thought, wanted scientific evidence.
question
peoples lives in europe in 1500s
answer
war, famine, plague, social political upheaval, famine, religious wars, many people move form country to city, (urbanization).
