05.05 The Age of Enlightenment – Flashcards

1. A major cause of the Enlightenment was (5 points)

2. What role did the Scientific Revolution play in bringing about the Enlightenment? (5 points)

3. Use the following statement from Jean-Jacques Rousseau to answer the question below: "Everything is good as it comes from the hands of the Maker of the world, but degenerates once it gets into the hands of man." -Public Domain Rousseau would have supported the idea that (5 points)

4. Use the following quote from Enlightenment philosopher Voltaire to answer the question below: "It is dangerous to be right in matters on which the established authorities are wrong."-Public Domain Voltaire would have agreed that (5 points)

5. Use the following excerpt from John Locke's Second Treatise of Civil Government (1690) to answer the question below: "But though this be a state of liberty, yet it is not a state of licence: though man in that state have an uncontroulable liberty to dispose of his person or possessions, yet he has not liberty to destroy himself, or so much as any creature in his possession, but where some nobler use than its bare preservation calls for it. The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which obliges every one: and reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind, who will but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions: for men being all the workmanship of one omnipotent, and infinitely wise maker."-Public Domain Which one of the following thinkers was influenced most by this statement? (5 points)

6. Use the following excerpt from Mary Wollstonecraft's work to answer the question below: "The divine right of husbands, like the divine right of kings, may, it is hoped, in this enlightened age, be contested without danger, and, though conviction may not silence many boisterous disputants, yet, when any prevailing prejudice is attacked, the wise will consider, and leave the narrow-minded to rail with thoughtless vehemence at innovation."-Public Domain Wollstonecraft implies in this statement that the treatment of wives by their husbands in her day was which of the following? (5 points)

7. We know from historical records that The Spirit of the Laws by Baron de Montesquieu was placed on the Index of Forbidden Books by the Catholic Church. Which of the following can one reasonably infer from this fact? (5 points)

8. Use the following excerpt from Thomas Paine's "The Rights of Man" to answer the question below: "If, from the more wretched parts of the old world, we look at those which are in an advanced stage of improvement we still find the greedy hand of government thrusting itself into every corner and crevice of industry, and grasping the spoil of the multitude. Invention is continually exercised to furnish new pretences for revenue and taxation. It watches prosperity as its prey, and permits none to escape without a tribute."-Public Domain What Enlightenment principle is Thomas Paine advancing in this excerpt? (5 points)

9. Use the following quote from Adam Smith to answer the question below: "No society can surely be flourishing and happy, of whom the far greater part of the members are poor and miserable."-Public Domain Which of the following does Adam Smith imply is an important value for society as a whole? (5 points)