Zoology Final Exam Study Guide
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
3 Part Body Plan
answer
head, thorax and abdomen
question
Abdomen
answer
the region of the body of a vertebrate between the thorax and the pelvis
question
Abiotic Factor
answer
Non-living factors including temperature, water, sunlight, wind, rocks and soil
question
Adductor Muscles
answer
Strong muscles in bivalves that pull shells together
question
Aggregation
answer
A large group or collection of people, animals, or things.
question
Agnathas
answer
jawless fish, lampreys, no covering of gills, cartilaginous skeleton
question
Amoeba
answer
A type of protist characterized by great flexibility and the presence of pseudopodia.
question
Amoebocyte
answer
Cells that move using pseudopods and perform different functions in different animals
question
Ampulla
answer
Bulb connected to tube feet that are extended by water squeezed from muscles in the feet; has a sucker for attachment
question
Animalia
answer
A kingdom made up of complex, multicellular organisms that lack cell walls, can usually move around, and quickly respond to their environment.
question
Annelids
answer
(segmented worms) tube shaped bodies divided into sections; has a coelom, a body cavity with organs inside;simplest animals with a circulatory system; have specialized organs for digestion; earthworms the farmers friend help aerate soil and breakdown organic matter
question
Anura
answer
Frogs and toads
question
Apoda
answer
caecilians
question
Arachnida
answer
A member of a major arthropod group that includes spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites. All members have eight pairs of walking legs., a large class of arthropods including spiders and ticks and scorpions and daddy longlegs
question
Arthropod Examples
answer
lobster, crab, horseshoe crab
question
Arthropods
answer
A group of organisms that have jointed appendages, an exoskeleton, bilateral symmetry, and reproduce sexually; insects, arachnids, millipedes and cenitpedes, and crustaceans
question
Bilateral Symmetry
answer
Body plan in which only a single, imaginary line can divide the body into two equal halves.
question
Binomial nomenclature
answer
Classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name
question
Biodiversity
answer
The diversity of plant and animal life in a particular habitat
question
biomass
answer
the total mass of living matter in a given unit area
question
Biome
answer
A group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms
question
Biotic Factor
answer
A living part of an ecosystem
question
Bird Bones
answer
unusual construction, hollow, very light
question
Caecilians
answer
Worm-like, legless amphibians found in the tropics, Apoda
question
Cehalization
answer
concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the front of an animal's body
question
Cell
answer
Basic unit of life
question
Cell Membrane
answer
A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.
question
Central Vacuole
answer
A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction, growth, and development.
question
Centromere
answer
Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
question
Chelicerata
answer
Horseshoe crabs, spiders, scorpions, mites etc.
question
Chelonia
answer
turtles and tortoises
question
Choanocyte
answer
specialized cell in sponges that uses a flagellum to move a steady current of water through the sponge
question
Chordata
answer
Animals with notochord, a dorsal nerve cord, a postanal tail, and pharyngeal gill slits at some time in their lives. Most are vertebrates, though some are not. [E.g. of invertebrates: tunicates, amphioxus, and acorn worms]. Includes fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
question
Cilia
answer
Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion
question
Circulatory system
answer
(aka cardiovascular system) This system works as the transportation highway for the body. It consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. It transports substances such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients in the body.
question
Class
answer
fitting between phylum and order.
question
Cnidaria
answer
Animalia, phylum that includes animals with specialized stinging cells used to capture food. Jellyfish and coral
question
Coelom
answer
A body cavity within organisms containing specialized tissue
question
Coevolution
answer
Process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other
question
Colony
answer
A population of cells arising from a single cell or spore or from a group of attached cells
question
Commensalism
answer
A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited
question
Community
answer
A group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other
question
Competition
answer
A common demand by two or more organisms upon a limited supply of a resource; for example, food, water, light, space, mates, nesting sites. It may be intraspecific or interspecific.
question
Condrichthyes
answer
class; developed jaws, have cartilage endoskeleton, are oviparous or ovoviviparous Sharks skates rays
question
Copepods
answer
Tiny, shrimp-like crustaceans that are often the most free floating animals in waters
question
Crocadilia
answer
one of the two reptile orders includes : crocodile, and aligators
question
Crop
answer
A pouch in many birds and some lower animals that resembles a stomach for storage and preliminary maceration of food
question
Crustacean
answer
Any of various predominantly aquatic arthropods of the class Crustacea, including lobsters, crabs, shrimps, and barnacles, characteristically having a segmented body, a chitinous exoskeleton, and paired, jointed limbs.
question
Cud
answer
Regurgitated food
question
Decapods
answer
Lobster, Crayfish, crabs, and shrimp
question
Diaphragm
answer
Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing
question
Digestive system
answer
body system the breaks down food and absorbs nutrients
question
Ecology
answer
Scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment
question
Ecosystem
answer
A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
question
Ectothermic
answer
Absorbing external heat as the main source of body heat.
question
Endoplasmic reticulum
answer
A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.
question
Endothermic
answer
An organism that is internally warmed by a heat-generating metabolic process
question
Eukaryotes
answer
All multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Is bounded by a cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organellessuspended in a semifluid mediumcalled cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA organized into chromosomes located in the nucleus.
question
Fangs
answer
long, sharp, pointed teeth
question
Flagella
answer
A long, whip-like filament that helps in cell motility. Many bacteria are flagellated, and sperm are flagellated.
question
Gastrovascular cavity
answer
Digestive chamber with a single opening, in which cnidarians, flatworms, and echinoderms digest food
question
Gemmules
answer
an asexual reproductive structure produced by some freshwater sponges
question
Genus
answer
A group of similar species
question
Gestation Period
answer
the length of time between fertilization and birth of a mammal
question
Gills
answer
(give the plural form of the word) These respiratory organs are in aquatic animals and help the animal breathe in dissolved oxygen from the water. They are filamentous structures of vascular membranes.
question
Golgi Apparatus
answer
A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell
question
Habitat
answer
Place where an organism lives
question
Head
answer
Contains brain
question
Jacobsen's organ
answer
taste chemicals in the air
question
Keratin
answer
A fiber protein that is the principal component of hair, skin, and nails is:
question
Kingdom
answer
First and largest category used to classify organisms
question
Lobe-finned
answer
fish that are lobe liked, fleshy fins, probably anscestors of first land vertebrate , Sarcopterygii
question
Lungs
answer
pair of spongy organs of respiration in which blood is aerated
question
Lyme disease
answer
A zoonotic disease vectored by ticks. Small mammals are the main reservoir species.
question
Malpighian Tubules
answer
An excretory organ that is unique to insects, empties into digestive tract and removes nitrogenous wastes from the hemolymph, also plays a role in osmoregulation.
question
Marsupials
answer
Mammals whose immature offspring complete their development in an external pouch.
question
Mitochondria
answer
An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.
question
Mollusca Example
answer
octopi, bivalves, snails, slugs
question
Molluscks
answer
Squid, Octopus, Clams and Snails are a part of this group.
question
Monera
answer
An organism is a single-celled consumer made of prokaryotic cells. To what kingdom does it belong?
question
Monotremes
answer
Egg laying mammals
question
Mutualism
answer
A relationship between two species in which both species benefit
question
6 Kingdoms
answer
Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
question
Nematocyst
answer
In cnidarians, a stinging cell that is used to inject a toxin into prey
question
Nematoda
answer
Roundworms
question
Nervous System
answer
A system of sensitive cells that respond to stimuli such as sound, touch, and taste
question
Niche
answer
the status of an organism within its environment and community
question
Notochord
answer
A rod of tough, flexible material that runs the length of a creature's body, providing the majority of its support
question
Nuclear envelope
answer
A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the cell
question
Nucleus
answer
Control center of the cell
question
Operculum
answer
A protective flap that covers the gills of fishes
question
Order
answer
taxonomic group containing one or more families
question
Order of Cell Cycle
answer
Interphase (g1, s, g2) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telaphase, Cytokinesis
question
Organ
answer
A structure that is composed of different kinds of tissue.
question
Organ System
answer
Group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
question
Osculum
answer
A large opening on a sponge through which filtered water is expelled
question
Osteichthyes
answer
Bony Fishes
question
Ostia
answer
The intake pores on a sponge
question
Oviparous
answer
Eggs hatch outside the mother's body
question
Ovoviviparous
answer
producing living young from eggs that hatch within the body
question
Parasitism
answer
A relationship in which one organism lives on or in a host and harms it.
question
Pedipalps
answer
pair of mouthparts in chelicerates that are usually modified to grab prey
question
Phylum
answer
3rd Taxonomy rank
question
Pit Organ
answer
sensory depression or pit on the side of the head of some snakes that allow to \"see\" heat
question
Placenta
answer
A structure that allows an embryo to be nourished with the mother's blood supply
question
Placentals
answer
Mammal type that fully develops in uterus with umbilical cord
question
Platyhelminthes
answer
Flatworms
question
Prokaryotes
answer
Cells that do not contain nuclei
question
Protista
answer
Kingdom composed of eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi
question
Pseudcoelum
answer
Body cavity
question
Pseudopodia
answer
A cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding.
question
Quinine
answer
a drug used for fighting malaria and other fevers
question
Radial Symmetry
answer
Body plan in which body parts repeat around the center of the body.
question
Ray-finned
answer
Class Actinopterygii
question
Rumen
answer
Largest of the 4 stomachs
question
Skeletal System
answer
Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to support movement. Made up of bones and joints
question
Species
answer
taxonomic group whose members can interbreed
question
Spicules
answer
small, spike shaped particles of calcium carbonate or silicon dioxide that make up the skeleton of some sponges
question
Squamata
answer
Lizards and snake
question
Taxonomy
answer
study of the general principles of scientific classification
question
Spinnerets
answer
organs that contain silk glands
question
Swim Bladder
answer
An internal gas-filled organ that helps a bony fish stabilize its body at different water depths.
question
Thorax
answer
Chest
question
Tuatara
answer
only extant member of the order Rhynchocephalia of large spiny lizard-like diapsid reptiles of coastal islands off New Zealand
question
Tympanic membrane
answer
Eardrum
question
Urodela
answer
Salamanders
question
Water vascular system
answer
a system of fluid-filled tubes in an echinoderm's body
question
Weaning
answer
The act of substituting other food for the mother's milk in the diet of a child or young mammal
