WTWA Ch. 4-5 – Flashcards
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According to Assyrian ideology:
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the national god Ashur commanded all Assyrians to support the endless growth of the empire.
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In Assyrian society:
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prostitutes were forbidden to wear veils so that their naked faces would signal their disreputable status.
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The king who united the Persian tribes and established the Persian Empire was:
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Cyrus the Great.
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In the Persian Empire:
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Cyrus the Great claimed to liberate conquered peoples from the oppression of their own kings.
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The vast Persian capital built by Darius I was:
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Persepolis.
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In the Persian Empire:
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all subject peoples were on an equal footing, required only to give loyalty and pay tribute to the king.
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Zoroastrianism:
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treated humans as capable of choosing between good and evil.
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The Persian Empire established all of the following EXCEPT:
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a network of ports to facilitate trade and commerce.
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The architectural decorations of the Persian Empire show:
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the empire's religious beliefs.
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All of the following are true of the Sea Peoples EXCEPT:
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their invasions stretched into the Indus River valley.
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The culture of individual warrior-heroes that emerged in the eastern Mediterranean and the Aegean Islands was evoked in which piece of literature?
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the Iliad
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All of the following correctly characterize the land of Judah EXCEPT:
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Judah served as a trader-state with special status, controlling trade with Egypt under Assyrian authority.
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The Phoenicians:
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developed seaworthy crafts from the massive cedar trees in their region.
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The Phoenicians developed which groundbreaking innovation?
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the alphabet
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The Vedic people:
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were an Indo-European speaking nomadic people who settled in South Asia.
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Vedic society:
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learned agricultural practices from the local people and developed those.
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The four-group caste system:
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was a way to stratify an increasingly agricultural and settled world.
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All of the following correctly identify the caste system in South Asia EXCEPT which?
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The ceremony of "second birth" was undergone by all four castes.
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What book by Vedic scholars indicates a shift away from sacrificial rituals and toward more mystical speculation about the meaning of life and the universe?
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Upanishads
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The Zhou rulers sought to legitimize their takeover of the Shang dynasty:
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by asserting moral superiority.
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The Zhou doctrine that legitimized the rule of a dynasty was called:
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the mandate of heaven.
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The Zhou state is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT which?
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The Zhou state became a regional superpower, dominating nearby principalities.
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As the Zhou dynasty declined:
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the Zhou expanded its family rituals in order to retain the appearance of power.
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All of the following characterize the Spring and Autumn period of the Eastern Zhou dynasty EXCEPT:
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the consolidation of political authority in the hands of the Zhou emperor.
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What did Confucius set out in search of?
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an enlightened ruler
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Which of the following is NOT a major guideline in Chinese thought and action established by Confucius?
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emphasis on the individual rather than the family
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Confucius:
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set forth a new moral framework stressing correct performance or ritual, responsibility, loyalty to the family, and perfection of moral character.
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Which of the following accurately describes the teachings of Mo Di?
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The best life is a simple life, based on hard work and useful occupations.
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Daoism:
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taught that the best way to live was to follow the natural order of things.
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The following idea is characteristic of which branch of Chinese thought: Men and women are primarily evil and require moral education and authoritarian control?
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Legalism
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In Zhou China, scholars:
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focused on the need to maintain order and stability and thereby tended to view the world as static.
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The Qin government minister Shang Yang implemented all of the following reforms EXCEPT:
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creating a lenient legal code that stressed regards for good behavior rather than punishments for crimes.
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In South Asia, specialized subcastes that maintained a communal structure by marrying within their own group were called:
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jati.
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All of the following characterized the new cities in South Asia around 500 BCE EXCEPT:
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the rigidity of the caste system prevented most social mobility.
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The claim of the divine power of kings in South Asian society:
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made priests and Vedic rituals essential to royal power.
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Jainism is characterized by all of the following beliefs EXCEPT:
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prayer rituals to the gods must be strictly observed so that the gods will intercede in the universe to aid the believer.
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Siddhartha Guatama, known as the Buddha:
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lived part of his life as an ascetic.
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Which of the following best describes the relationship of Mahavira and the Buddha with Brahman spiritual authority?
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Both Mahavira and the Buddha objected to the ritual sacrifices of animals by the Brahmans.
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The Four Truths of the Buddha include all the following EXCEPT:
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the embrace of desire is the key to reaching a state of contentment.
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Chavín society:
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had priests who took hallucinogenic drugs that they believe would turn them into jaguars.
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Olmec cities:
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had a ceremonial life that revolved around agricultural and rainfall cycles.
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Olmec cities included substantial spaces dedicated to:
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ball courts for athletic competition.
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In Olmec society:
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the Olmecs believed that the supernatural pervaded the natural world, so they studied nature in order to learn what the gods wanted.
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In the Americas during the first millennium BCE:
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regional cultural integration happened without extensive political integration.
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Historians today recognize the peoples of Nubia
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as a culture deeply influenced by the cultures of sub-Saharan Africa.
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All of the following characterize the borderlands people of the eastern Mediterranean around 1000 BCE EXCEPT which?
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They were "first-generation" societies, developing without any older traditions.
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The self-governing city-states of the Mediterranean in the first millennium BCE:
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permitted "citizens" to govern themselves and select their leaders.
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In most city-states in the Mediterranean basin:
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the small family unit was the most important social unit.
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All of the following statements characterize the new city-states of the Mediterranean basin EXCEPT which?
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Sparta's program of social discipline was widely copied in order to control violence.
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In the Mediterranean city-states, the _____ was at the center of the city.
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marketplace
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As the Mediterranean city-states founded colonies:
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these colonies became completely independent entities.
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Turning men, women, and children into objects of commerce bought and sold on a large scale in markets is called:
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chattel slavery.
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The first generation of new thinkers in the Mediterranean city-states:
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looked to nature itself rather than focusing on the role of gods to explain the universe.
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Philosophy in the Greek city-states:
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focused on humans and their place in society.
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Plato is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT which?
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He taught that the study of history provided the best model from which to learn moral lessons for governance.
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Aristotle is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT which?
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He was a student of Socrates.
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