World War 2 Test Study Guide – Flashcards
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Dictator
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a ruler who has absolute power
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Blitzkrieg
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"Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland in 1939
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Totalitarian State
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country where a single party controls the government and every aspect of the lives of the people
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Fascism
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a political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition
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Appeasement
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practice of giving in to aggression in order to avoid war
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Axis Powers
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Germany, Italy, Japan
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Allied Powers
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Great Britain, France, Russia, later US
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Operation Overlord
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The Allied invasion of Normandy in June of 1944.
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D-Day
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Planned June 5th June 6 1944 Germans occupied Normandy France Germans though it would occur at Calais and goal was to liberate Paris
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V-E Day
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May 8, 1945; The name of the day which ended World War II
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Rationing
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a limited portion or allowance of food or goods; limitation of use
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Victory Garden
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a home vegetable garden created to boost food production during WWII
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Holocaust
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the Nazi program of exterminating Jews under Hitler
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Concentration Camp
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a penal camp where political prisoners or prisoners of war are confined (usually under harsh conditions)
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Internment Camp
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relocation camps for Japanese-Americans during WWII
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Island Hopping
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the American navy attacked islands held by the Japanese in the Pacific Ocean. The capture of each successive island from the Japanese brought the American navy closer to an invasion of Japan.
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Kamikaze
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Japanese suicide pilots who loaded their planes with explosives and crashed them into American ships.
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V-J Day
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"Victory over Japan day" is the celebration of the Surrender of Japan, which was initially announced on August 15, 1945
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Manhattan Project
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code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II
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Adolf Hitler
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German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945)
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Benito Mussolini
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Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy. (p. 786)
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Joseph Stalin
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Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)
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Winston Churchill
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Prime Minister of Great Britain during WWII
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Erwin Rommel
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"Desert Fox"-May 1942; German and Italian armies were led by him and attacked British occupied Egypt and the Suez Canal for the second time; were defeated at the Battle of El Alamein; was moved to France to oversee the defenses before D-Day; tried to assassinate Hitler.
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Bernard Montgomery
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British General who cut off Rommel from advancing into Africa
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
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leader of the Allied forces in Europe then was elected to be Pres. of the USA
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Franklin D. Roosevelt
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President of the US during Great Depression and World War II
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Harry S. Truman
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Became president when FDR died; gave the order to drop the atomic bomb
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Chester Nimitz
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United States admiral of the Pacific fleet during World War II who used aircraft carriers to destroy the Japanese navy (1885-1966)
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Robert Oppenheimer
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United States physicist who directed the project at Los Alamos that developed the first atomic bomb (1904-1967)
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Manchuria
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Province in northeast China invaded by Japan in September 1931
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Ethiopia
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African nation invaded by fascist Italy in 1935
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Dunkirk
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a city in northern France on the North Sea where in World War II (1940) 330,000 Allied troops had to be evacuated from the beaches at Dunkirk in a desperate retreat under enemy fire
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Pearl Harbor
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US Naval base attacked by the Japanese on December 7, 1941
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Stalingrad
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Battle in which the Nazi advance east through Russia was halted.
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El Alamein
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Town in Egypt, site of the victory by Britain's Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery over German forces led by General Erwin Rommel (the 'Desert Fox') in 1942-1943. (p. 793)
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Midway Island
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An American military base that was fought over with the Japanese.
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Guadalcanal
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one of the Solomon Islands in southwest Pacific, Japanese building airstrip, August 1942 battle, Allies won
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Iwo Jima
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One of the Bloodiest battles in the war, a fight to the death for Japanese soldiers, as the Americans were coming closer to Japan
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Nagasaki
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site of 2nd Atomic Bomb, killing 40,000+ Japanease citizens
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Hiroshima
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site of 1st Atomic Bomb, killing 70,000+ Japanease citizens
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Sicily
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An important invasion that lead to the removal of Mussolini from government, only to have him put back later
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Rome
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Capital of Italy
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Normandy
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Where Operation Overlord took place
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December 7 1941
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What day was Pearl Harbor attacked?
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September 1 1939
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What day was Poland attacked?
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June 6 1944
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What day were the beaches of Normandy bombed
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Neville Chamberlain
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Who was the British Prime Minister before Churchill who said that talking it out will avoid war
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Lend Lease
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FDR wanted to help somehow before US were involved in war. So he lent bombs and artillery to Britain
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US stopped trading with Japan
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What were the causes of Japan bombing Pearl Harbor?
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Sudetenland
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Area in Czechoslovakia that was German speaking, became part of Germany in 1938
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Built up arms
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How did Hitler violate the Versailles Treaty?
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Rhineland
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What part of France did Germany take over in 1936?
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Part of Russia and Yugoslavia
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What did Hitler take over in 1941?
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Poland and Czechoslovakia
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What did Hitler take over in 1939?
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Austria
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What country did Hitler take over in 1938?
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Denmark, Norway, Holland, France, and Belgium
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What countries did Hitler take over in 1940
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Austria
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Country where Hitler is originally from
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Nazi
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German political party popularized by Hitler and assumed power in Germany in 1933
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Munich Conference
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Meeting in Germany to decide the fate of Czechoslovakia, praised by Chamberlain
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Happy
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When American troops came into Sicily from Africa, where the Italians happy or sad?
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Czechoslovakia and Austria
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Two countries that were happy to be taken over by Hitler
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World Fair
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What was going on in New York while Hitler was invading Poland
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U-Boat
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German Submarine
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Enigma code first broken, Britain would not give up
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How was the Battle of Britain significant?
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Battle of Britain
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an aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe (air force), which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance.
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March 1941
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Year and month FDR started to "lend" artillery to Britain
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Hirohito
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Japanese Emperor with a hunger for power.
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Jews caused German loss of WW1
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What did Hitler say to make Germany hate Jews?
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lightning war
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What does blitzkrieg mean?
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Internment Camps
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Because of American paranoia of Japanese citizens, where did they decide to put American born people with Japanese roots to?
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August 15, 1945
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What day did Japan surrender?
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Okinawa
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Wasnt as savage as Iwo Jima, however many Japanese met their death jumping of a cliff from hearing of American troops arriving
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April 30, 1945
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What day did Hitler commit suicide
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May 5, 1945
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What day did Germany surrendur
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USA wanted to trade with China
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Why did USA not want Japan to take over the Pacific
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Frank Sinatra
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The man back home not sent to the army who became a favorite for teenage girls
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George Patton
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Who was the General that saved the day in the Battle of the Bulge
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Midway Island
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Which battle in the Pacific was a turning point for America
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MAGIC
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What was Japans secret code
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Saipan
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Japanese place where soldiers convinced civilians to kill themselves
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Kamikaze
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Japanese fighter pilots that killed themselves crashing into boats and planes
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Stalingrad
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What battle was a turning point for Russia
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Scrap metal, food, work
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What did kids ration, help, or donate to help the soldiers at war
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US Yorktown
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Boat that lasted Pearl Harbor and three other battles
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El Alamein
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Where the British pushed Germany west to stay away from the Suez Canal
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Kasserine Pass
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first encounter; inexperienced US troops suffer humiliating defeat against Rommel
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To get to Russia and prevent Germany from blocking Suez Canal
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Why did United States go through North Africa
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Suez Canal
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A ship canal where many boats go through.
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Gold, Omaha, Utah, Sword, Juno
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What are the five beaches of Normandy
