World History Chapter 8 Test, History Chapter 8: Medieval Europe – Flashcards
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became the head of the Frankish tribe in northern Gaul, defeated other Frankish tribes and was named "King of the Franks"
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Clovis
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the most powerful Germanic people; established many independent kingdoms in Gaul
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Franks
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the royal family descending from Clovis named Merovech
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Merovinigan House
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the do-nothing kings
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the king's sons
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Who held real power behind the throne?
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the mayor of the palace
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became mayor of one of the stronger Frankish states; defeated rival mayors and united all the Frankish territories
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Pepin II
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son of Pepin II; won his fame by stopping the advancement of Muslims at the Battle of Tours; also called "The Hammer"
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Charles Martel
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a Germanic people who moved through northern Italy and invaded central Italy and threatened Rome; defeated by Pepin
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Lombards
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when the Pope defeated the Lombards and gave the Lombard's land to the Pope
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Donation of Pepin
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the greatest Carolingian king, helped the Frankish kingdom reach its peak, rescued Rome, also called "Charles the Great"
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Charlemagne
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Why is Charlemagne called "Charles the Great"
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he founded the Holy Roman Empire and helped the Frankish kingdom reach its peak, preserved ancient manuscripts
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a treaty that split Charlemagne's empire into three separate kingdoms; given to Louis the Pious's sons
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Treaty of Verdun
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a groups of Asiatic nomads, who later became the Hungarians; ravaged the eastern borders of the empire
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Magyars
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the most feared invaders, AKA Norsemen, skilled warriors and seamen; plundered villages and towns all over Europe
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Vikings
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a political system that where local rulers offered protection in return for services
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feudalism
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landholding nobles; directly under the king
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lord
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nobles provided services and the government would give them land grants
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fief
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the king's servant
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vassal
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a vassal would give portions of his land grant to gain lesser nobles to become his vassals, and he would become their lord
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subinfeudation
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the ceremony where a man became a vassal and becomes eligible for a fief
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Homage
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after Homage, a lord will hand the vassal a clod of earth, a stick, or a lance, this symbolizes the lord giving the vassal permission to use a fief
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investiture
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the center of life for nobility, but also the king's home, the jail, the armory, the treasury, the court, and seat of government
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the castle
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a warrior, protected life and property, lived by a code of conduct called chivalry
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knight
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the beginning of knighthood training, the children would study academics and would learn to fence and hunt
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page
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in his mid-teens, the page would be promoted and he would become the personal servant of the knight
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squire
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a strict code of behavior that the knights followed
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chivalry
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this agreement forbade knights from pillaging church property and limited fighting to specific weekends
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the Truce of God
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What did knights do when they couldn't fight?
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tournaments
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where the majority of western European people lived; a self contained farming community controlled by lords and farmed by peasants
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the manor
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what two buildings dominated the manor
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the lord's residence and the village church
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the center of a manor
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the village
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1/6 to 1/3 of the land reserved for the lord
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demesne
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where the farmers would only planted crops on half the land to allow the other half to recover fertility
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two-field system
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privileged peasants who served as manorial officials and skilled laborers
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freemen
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a peasant or slave, worked on the lord's demesne
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serf
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where the serfs devoted two or three days a week to working for the lord
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week-work
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the medieval church
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the Roman Catholic Church
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the head of the Roman Catholic Church
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the bishop
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Why was the church called "catholic"?
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to show that the church is universal
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Why did the bishop of Rome rise to power?
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because he presided over the most powerful countries in the western empire and was one of few sources of stability in the West
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bishop, persuaded Attila of the Huns to spare the city in 452; was then hailed as pope *first to be called pope*
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Leo I
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the idea that Christ made Peter the first pope and gave him authority of all churches on earth and that the pope substitutes Christ on earth
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Petrine Theory
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greatly expanded the power of his office, he also spread many unbiblical doctrines
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Gregory I
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a place of temporary punishment where souls must pay for their unconfessed sins
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purgatory
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where the Catholic church grants sacraments that grants grace
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the Roman sacramental system
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servants/leaders of the church
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clergy
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parishoners of the church
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laity
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they conducted religious services, administered sacraments to the laity, and supervised the church
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secular clergy
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these men denounced things of the world, also monks
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regular clergy
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"Father of Western Monasticism", created the Benedictine Rule
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Benedict of Nursia
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strict rules that regulated the lives of monks
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Benedictine Rule
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missionary who took gospel to Ireland
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Patrick
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Apostle to the Germans
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Boniface
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seventh-century *Merovingian* kings who reign but did not rule; the power went reigned but did not rule; the power went to the mayor of the palace
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do nothing kings
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7 Sacraments of Roman Catholic Church
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Baptism, Confirmation, Penance, Holy Eucharist, Matrimony, Holy Orders, Extreme Unction
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Charlemagne the great was great because?
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Rescued Rome, Extended the empire over most of Western Europe, Spread Christianity, Laid the foundation for France, Germany, and Italy
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Why was the Roman Catholic Church so strong?
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Only stable institution during the Middle ages
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Reasons for pope's rise to power
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-located in most important city of the empire -one of the few remaining sources of authority in the west
