World History Chapter 5 Section Assessment – Flashcards
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Who - Created by Pericles What - Instead of the people being ruled by representatives they would do it directly themselves. When - Under the rule of Pericles (461 B.C. - 429 B.C.) Where - Athens Why - In this version of democracy everyone was able to contribute no matter what class creating a more equal environment.
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Direct Democracy
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Who - Influenced by Pericles made by Phidias and other sculptures. What - The idea that the sculptures would portray peace and grace rather than happiness or anger. When - During the Golden Age Where - Athens Why - Art was a important part of Athenian culture and exemplifies the values of the Athenians.
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Classical Art
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Who - Produced by wealthier citizens. The three most famous writers were Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides. What - A serious and dramatic play that portrayed love and hate. When - Under the reign of Pericles Where - Athens Why - Art was a large part of Athenian culture and continues to influence us today.
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Tragedy
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Who - Aristophanes What - A type of play that was humorous, usually at the expense of others. When - Under the reign of Pericles Where - Athens Why - Art was a large part of Athenian culture and continues to influence us today.
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Comedy
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Who - The war was between Athens and Sparta What - A war for many years ending in Spartan victory leaving the Athenians crushed. When - Started in 431 B.C. Ended in 404 B.C. Where - Mostly in Athens Why - It completely destroyed Athens and changed their values.
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Peloponnesian War
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Who - Socrates, Plato and Aristotle What - Greek thinkers who believed the world have unchanging laws When - After the Peloponnesian War ended and crushed Athens. Where - Athens Why - After the war Athens was completely crushed and searched for a new way of life, which turned to philosophers.
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Philosopher
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Who - A philosopher who believed absolute standards existed and asked people to take a better look at their beliefs and ideas. What - Used a question and answer approach and wanted people to really think about their beliefs. When - 470 B.C. to 399 B.C. Where - Athens Why - His question and answer method greatly influences us today. For example: Socratic seminars.
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Socrates
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Who - Socrates student who is most famous for The Republic in which, he describes his perfect government. What - In his ideal government there would be 3 groups: farmers, artisans and warriors. A philosopher-king would be picked from the highest ranked group. They would pick a ruler based on the highest intellect. When - 427 B.C. to 347 B.C. Where - Athens Why - His writings took over the philosophical thought in Europe for about 1,500 years.
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Plato
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Who - The pupil of Plato who questioned human thought and the world. What - He invented a method of arguing based on logic. When - 384 B.C. to 322 B.C. Where - Athens Why - His work influences us today. For example: Scientific method.
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Aristotle
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♥ To strengthen Athen's democracy ♥He introduced direct democracy which allowed more people to be involved ♥ We look at Athenian democracy to help improve and make our own.
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Which of Pericles' goals do you think had the greatest impact on the modern world? Explain.
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♥ Increased the amount of people paid for being public officials ♥ Because of that anyone could contribute ♥ Direct democracy
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What steps did Pericles take to strengthen democracy in Athens?
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♥ Athens - Try to avoid land battle and wait for a chance to fight at sea. When the Spartans attacked them on land the Athenians used their surrounding walls as protection. ♥ Spartans - To fight on land and limit supplies.
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What were the battle strategies for Athens and Sparta in the Peloponnesian War?
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♥ Questioned and put in to perspective their entire lives
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Why do you think some Athenians found the ideas of Socrates so disturbing?
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♥ Athens was very hubristic and may have overlooked how powerful Sparta was.
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How does this concept of hubris from Greek tragedy apply to the Peloponnesian War?
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♥ For the most part is was because of the improved democracy and arts ♥ However, the war was not and ended up destroying them
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Was the rule of Pericles a "Golden Age" for Athens? Explain.
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Why or why not? I do not think that there is just one way. I think that there are many ways because nothing is exactly the same.
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Do you agree with Socrates that there are absolute standards for truth and justice? Why or why not?
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Who - King of Macedonia What - King of Macedonia who conquered Greece using strong military When - Became Macedonian king in 359 B.C. Where - Southeastern Europe Why - Dominated Greece
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Phillip 2
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Who - Ruled by Phillip 2 from 359-3336 B.C. What - An ancient kingdom in southeastern Europe When - Ruled by Phillip 2 from 359-3336 B.C. Where - North of Greece Why - It was the first place Alexander the Great ruled
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Macedonia
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Who - Son and successor of Phillip 2 What - A military leader who conquered many empires When - 356-323 BC Where - Greece, Persia, Egypt Why - Conquered many places after he died monarchy was brought back
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Alexander the Great
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Who - Persian king What - A king a Persia defeated by Alexander The Great When - 380-330 B.C. Where - Persia Why - If he had worked harder Alexander may have never conquered Persia
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Darius 3
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I think his conquest of Persia was the most important because it inspired him to continue on conquering
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Which of Alexander's conquests do you think was the most significant? Why?
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• Greece had jus ended Peloponnesian War and the city-states became weak • Greek city-states decreased in economical and military control • Had well-trained army (Phalanx)
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How was Phillip 2 able to conquer Greece?
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• After that he crazed more victories and wanted to conquer everything to the end off the continent
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Why did Alexander continue his campaign of conquest if after this goal had been achieved?
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• Three of his generals split it up between themselves and ruled their own empire
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What happened to Alexander's empire after his death?
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• Yes because he was a powerful military leader who conquered many places
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Do you think that Alexander was worthy of the title "Great"? Explain.
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• No because he never had much governing experience as much as he had conquering • He focused only on conquering
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If Alexander had lived, do you think he would have been as successful in ruling his empire as he was in building it? Explain.
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• To make the Persians feel less threatened and part of the empire.
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Why do you think Alexander adopted Persian customs and included Persians in his army?
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Who - Culture of people living in Alexandria What - A Greek culture that mixed with Egyptian, Persian and Indian When - 323 BC Where - Alexandria Why - It was the culture that was formed by Alexander the Great's many conquers.
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Hellenistic
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Who - Conquered and named by Alexander the Great. What - Conquered by Alexander the Great inhabited by people with a Hellenistic culture When - Founded in 332 BC Where - Egypt Why - Home to many important people and had a Hellenistic culture.
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Alexandria
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Who - Mathematician in Alexandria What - Made nooks about ideas and proofs on geometry When - Alive 330 - 260 BC Where - Alexandria Why - His math ideas and proofs still apply to us today.
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Euclid
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Who - A Scientist and Mathematician who invented many things What - He found the value of pi and invented the Archimedes screw When - 287 - 212 BC Where - Alexandria Why - Discovered things in math and science that we still use.
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Archimedes
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Who - Created by Hellenistic sculpture What - Largest Hellenistic statue standing over 100 feet When - Created in 292 BC. Ruined by earthquake in 225 BC Where - Alexandria Why - It is one of the 7 Ancient Winders of the World
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Colossus of Rhodes
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• Geometry because it helped in astronomy, architecture and still applies to us today.
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Which Hellenistic achievement had the greatest impact?
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• The trade was from all the countries and was very diverse. (expand)
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How did trade contribute to the cultural diversity in the Hellenistic city of Alexandria?
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• The geometry that he wrote about helped Eratosthenes and Aristarchus calculate the earth's size.
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How did Euclid influence some of the developments in astronomy during the Hellenistic period?
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• They both have the belief that people should live in peace
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What did Stoicism and Epicureanism have in common?
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It created a Hellenistic culture, which was a mix of Greek, Persian, Egyptian and Indian, culture.
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Describe how the growth of Alexander's empire spread Greek culture.
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The ideas from Archimedes because they were used to make many tools.
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What do you think was the greatest scientific advance of the Hellenistic period?
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the purpose of temples is always to honor the gods, but these states also made art to serve the interests of the state
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How was the purpose served by architecture and sculpture in the Hellenistic period similar to the purpose served by these arts in the Golden Age of Athens?
