World History, Chapter 18, Section 1 – Flashcards
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The old order
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Ancien Regime
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A French social class. There were three estates
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Estates
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Consisted of the clergy, who enjoyed enormous wealth, privilege and living standards
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First Estate
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Consisted of the nobility who enjoyed the right to top positions in the government, military, courts and church. They feared losing their privileges and resented that middle class men were taking positions once reserved for them
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Second Estate
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The most diverse social class, which consisted of the bourgeoisie, bankers, merchants, journalists, lawyers, doctors, rural peasants and urban workers. They resented the many privileges of the first two estates, such as their exemption from taxes
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Third Estate
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The middle class
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Bourgeoisie
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Because the best jobs were reserved for the 1st and 2nd Estates and its members paid no taxes
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Why the did Third Estate resent the First and Second Estates?
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When a government spends more than it makes
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Deficit spending
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French king whose weak and indecisive leadership during France's economic troubles led to the French Revolution
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Louis XVI
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A financial expert who was appointed by Louis XVI to fix France's debt. When he suggested taxes the nobles and clergy they used their influence to get him fired
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Jacques Necker
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Because the Seven Years War and American Revolution combined with lavish expenses left them deeply in debt
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Why did France have to use deficit spending?
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French legislative body that consisted of representatives from the three estates
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Estates-General
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Notebooks that were prepared by the three estates which listed their grievances
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Cahiers
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Because they feared the nobility would use it to increase their power at the expense of the monarchy
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Why were French kings reluctant to call the Estates-General?
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Food riots, continuing economic troubles, tension between the estates, noble protestations of royal tyranny
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Why did Louis XVI finally decide to call the Estates-General?
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Voting. Traditional each estate got one vote, with the 1st and 2nd outvoting the 3rd, two to one. The 3rd estate wanted to meet as a single body, with votes counted individually
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What conflict deadlocked the Estates-General when they met in 1789?
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What the 3rd Estate renamed themselves following during the meeting of the Estates-General
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National Assembly
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An oath by the delegates of the Third Estate where they declared themselves representatives of all of France and vowed to make a Constitution
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Tennis Court Oath
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A prison that was stormed by a French mob in 1789. It represented a challenge to the French monarchy, the release of years of frustration and a wake up call for Louis XVI
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Bastille
