World History – Chapter 11.4 – Decline of the Medieval Church – Flashcards
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The papacy
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Who was the single most powerful institution in western Europe for 250 years?
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1. Pope Nicholas II 2. Hildebrand
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1. What pope declared that all future popes would be chosen by cardinals only? 2. Who was this pope's adviser?
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1. The controversy occurred over the custom of lay investiture: Henry IV thought that a the king should be allowed to choose bishops and church officials for offices, but pope Gregory VII believed that bishops and popes should be chosen by the cardinals. 2. Gregory VII won the struggle
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1. Briefly describe the conflict between Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII. 2. Who won the struggle?
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1. Pope Innocent III 2. a. He twice excommunicated Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II b. Excommunicated English King John and placed his entire realm under an interdict c. Sponsored the Fourth Crusade d. Convened the Fourth Lateran Council in Rome e. Instituted the Holy Office of the Inquisition
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1. Under what pope did the papacy attain its zenith of power and influence? 2. Describe some of the events of his reign.
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1. The belief that the bread and wine are miraculously transformed in the actual body and blood of Christ 2. Emphasized the continued sacrifice of the mass rather than Christ's one, finished, perfect sacrifice for man's sins
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1. Describe the dogma of transubstantiation. 2. How dies it compare to the biblical teaching about the Lord's Supper?
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Inquire about and judge matters of heresy
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What was the task of the Holy Office of the Inquisition?
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When the popes appeared to be more interested in politics than the church, people were bound to lose respect for them. In addition, groups of people in western Europe who shared a common culture, language and tradition began to think of themselves as separate nations.
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Explain how the worldliness of the popes and the rise of nationalism let to a decline in the power and influence of the papacy.
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King Philip the Fair arrested Pope Boniface VIII, who had threatened him with excommunication. The new Pope Clement V moved the papal court from Rome to Avignon, France.
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Describe the events that ked to the "Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy."
