World History Ch 10 Test – Flashcards
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Arabic world for God
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Allah
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________ means either God or the belief in one god.
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Allah
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Muslims believe that Allah sent the angel _____________ to Muhammad so that he would convince others that Allah was the only God.
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Gabriel
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A prophet born into a powerful Meccan family who took great interest in religion. He was spoken to by the angel Gabriel.
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Muhammad
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After receiving a revelation from Allah through the angel Gabriel, ______________ began preaching.
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Muhammad
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Allah is the only god, all other gods must be abandoned, I am the last prophet.
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Three teachings of Muhammad
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Muhammad's journey from Mecca to Yathren (Medina).
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Hijrah
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A simple house of worship built by Abraham for monotheism. Believers in polytheism filled it with idols, so when Muhammad returned to Mecca from Medina, he destroyed all the idols inside.
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Ka'aba
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A monotheistic religion that developed in Arabia in the seventh century AD
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Islam
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"Submission to the will of Allah"
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Islam
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The world's fastest growing major religion.
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Islam
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A follower of Islam
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Muslim
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"one who has submitted"
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Muslim
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Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina) in AD 622
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Hijrah
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By moving from Mecca to Yathirb and making the ________________, Muhammad attracted many followers and displayed his qualities of a great political, religious, and military leader.
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Hijrah
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The holy book of Islam
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Qur'an
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A book guiding the day to day life of Muslams. It spread the Arabic language because it was written in Arabic.
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Qur'an
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Islamic place of worship.
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Mosque
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A pilgramage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims.
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Hajj
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The _______________ is one of the five pillars of Islamic faith and it involves a journey to Mecca. It symbolizes Muhammad's return to Mecca and his spreading of monotheism.
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Hajj
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an Islamic model for living, this is based on the life and teachings of Muhammad.
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Sunna
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The ____________ allowed Muslims to apply the will of Allah to their daily lives.
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Sunna
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A body of law governing the lives of Muslims. The combination of Qur'an and Sunna.
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Shari'a
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This regulates the family life, moral conduct, business, and community of Muslims.
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Shari'a
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A supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim govenment.
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Caliph
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"successor" or "deputy"
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Caliph
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The first four "rightly-guided" ______________ used military force to reassert the authority of Muhammad's successors. The last three expanded the Muslim empire to be 6000 miles across.
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Caliphs
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A dynasty that ruled the Muslim empire from 661-750 and later established a kingdom in al-Andalus.
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Umayyads
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This dynasty moved the capital to Damascus (in Syria).
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Umayyads
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This dynasty surrounded itself in wealth which made them "too concerned with worldly affairs" and caused them to "lose touch with their religion".
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Umayyads
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The branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad.
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Shi'a
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"the party of Ali"
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Shi'a
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This group of Muslims openly resisted the Umayyad rule and believed that the caliph must be a relative of Muhammad.
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Shi'a
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the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad.
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Sunni
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"followers of Muhammad's example"
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Sunni
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This group believed that the Umayyads had lost touch with Islam by becoming too involved in worldly affairs.
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Sunni
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A muslim who seeks to achieve direct contact with God through mystical means.
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Sufi
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This group pursues a life of poverty and devotion to a spiritual path.
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Sufi
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This group keeps Muslim focused on the Qur'an and tradition while also serving as missionaries to newly conquered lands.
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Sufi
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A dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim Empire from 750-1258. They came to power by murdering the Umayyads.
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Abbasids
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This grouped moved the capital to Baghdad and consolidated power in former Persian lands.
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Abbasids
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This group developed a strong bureaucracy, treasury, chancery, special department, and diplomacy.
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Abbasids
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A Muslim-ruled region in what is now Spain. It was established in the eighth century AD.
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al-Andalus
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The leader of the Berbers who advanced north to Paris before being halted at the Battle of Tours.
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Tariq
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A member of a Muslim dynasty that traced its ancestry to Muhammad's daughter Fatima and built an empire in North Africa, Arabia, and Syria.
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Fatimid
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A center of learning established in Baghdad.
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House of Wisdom
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This library, academy, and translation center preserved the European scholarship in danger after the fall of Rome.
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House of Wisdom
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Art of beautiful handwriting.
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Calligraphy
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Africa, Europe, and Asia
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Three continents of Arabian Peninsula
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Nomads who provide security and support for people
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Bedouins
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Values of Islamic Life
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Courage and loyalty
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A simple house of worship built by Abraham for Monotheism.
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Ka'aba
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Muhammad's birth place
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Mecca
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Muhammad's two teachings
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Allah is the only God, All other Gods must be abandoned
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"city of the prophet"
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Medina
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truth has come and falsehood has vanished
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Muhammad's declaration
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Four major events of Muhammad's life
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Revelations from GOd, First Preaching, Hijrah to Yathren (Medina), Return to Mecca
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3 beliefs shared by Judaism, Christianity and Islam
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One God, Judgement Day, Abraham
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Fiver Pillars of Islamic Faith
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Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, Pilgrimage
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Allah, Qur'an, Sunna
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Islamic Sources of Authority
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What did the "rightly guided" caliphs use as guides to leadership?
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Qur'an and Muhammad's Actions
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Mobile Army, control of Arabia, conquered Syria and Egypt, and supported military forces.
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Rightly Guided caliphs
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Factors for the "Rightly Guided" Caliphs' success
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Allah's support, well-disciplined army, weakness in empire north of Arabia
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The murder of these two people ended the elective system of choosing a caliph.
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Uthman and Ali
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This dynasty was the first to make a hereditary system of rule. They also moved the capital to Damascus and abandoned the simple life of previous caliphs.
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Umayyads
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Being too concerned with worldly affairs and losing touch with religion led to the downfall of this dynasty.
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Umayyads
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This dynasty murdered the Umayyads in 750.
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Abbasids
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This dynasty moved the capital to Baghdad and developed a strong: bureaucracy, treasury, chancery, special department, and diplomacy.
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Abbasids
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Trouble in keeping political control which led to independent states caused this dynasty's downfall.
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Abbasids
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Believe that the caliph must be a descendant of Muhammad
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Shi'a
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This group of people believed that the Umayyads had lost touch with their religion because of their concern for worldly affairs.
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Sunni
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The two major sea-trading zones that linked the Muslim Empire into a world system of trade by sea.
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Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean
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The language used for trade from Muslim merchants
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Arabic
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Currency used for Muslim transactions.
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Abbasid dinar
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Letters of credits given my Muslim money changers to encourage the flow of trade.
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Sakks
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Modern day check
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Sakk
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Christians and Jews were considered _______________________
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People of the Book
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A tax paid by Christians and Jews in exchange for exemption from military duties.
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Poll Tax
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Leading city of Muslim Scholarship
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Damascus
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Fine clothing in Damascus
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Damas
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the second reason for Damascus' popularity
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Steel Swords and armor
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Umayyad capital
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Cordoba
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Fatimid Capital
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Cairo
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Abbasid Capital
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Baghdad
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Caliph al-Mansur chose Baghdad to be on the west bank of this river.
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Tigris
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This city had 3 protective walls in this shape
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Circular
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These two things were in the inner circle of Baghdad
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Palace and Mosque
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Muslims at birth
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Upper Class
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Converts to Islam, paid a higher tax
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Second class
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Protected People
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Third Class
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Slaves, prisoners of war, and non-muslims.
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Fourth Class
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Muslim women had about the same rights of ___________________ women of the same time.
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European Women
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The qur'an provided for care of
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widows and orphans
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the qur'an allowed
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Divorce
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the qur'an protected woman's share of
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Inheritance
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Curiousity, quest for truth, need of qualified physicians, calculating prayer times, and direction to Mecca created a need for
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Scholarship
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The three languages translated at the House of Wisdom
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Greek, Persian, Indian
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A great physician
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Al-Razi
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Al-Razi's book that had Greek, Syrian, Arabic, and Indian sources
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Comprehensive Book
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Al-Razi's second book
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Treatise on Smallpox and Measles
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One of the major advances of the Muslims was the reliance on scientific _____________________-
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Observation and experimentation
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the other main muslim advancement was finding ______________ to aid problems
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Math Solutions
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Believed math was the basis of
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Knowledge
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Developed algebra
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Al-Khwarizmi
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Created Optics book and developed the theory that rays pass from objects to yes.
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Alhazon
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Averroes of Cordoba who harmonized Aristotle and Plato's views with Islam
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Ibn Rushd
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Moses Ben Haimon, a jewish physician and philosopher who was born in Cordob
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Maimonides
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Book made by Maimonides blending philosophy, religions, and science
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The Guide of the Perplex
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Four values of Literature
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Bravery, love, generosity, and hospitality
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Fairy tales, parables, and legends.
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Thousand and One Nights
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Three future empires.
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Ottoman, Safarid, and Mughal
