World History Test Questions – Flashcards

movement of people from rural areas to cities

multistory building divided into crowded apartments

workers' organization

The Industrial Revolution was a period of technological development that took place in Great Britain from the mid 1700s through the mid 1800s. The Industrial Revolution brought about economic and social changes as a result of the move from hand tools to power tools and from small-scale production to large-scale production. The shift to manufacturing in factories caused people to leave rural areas for urban centers creating overcrowded and polluted cities.

While the Industrial Revolution brought great changes to the nation of Britain, it had a negative affect on the individual cities. It brought overcrowding and pollution to the cities. The overcrowding in the cities led to housing shortages. Crime rates in the cities grew, and alcoholism became rampant. The factory workers were paid low wages, creating a larger gap between the rich and the poor. The middle class increased at this time. Farmers were hard hit when the workers migrated to the cities to work in the factories.

The Industrial Revolution created jobs for both the working and middle class, allowing a higher standard of living

No. Higher wages do not negate harsh working conditions.

Saw the effects of the population explosion-crowded slums, hungry families, unemployment, and widespread misery.

a British philosopher and economist that advocated utilitarianism

idea that the goal of society should be to bring about the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people

system in which the people as a whole rather than private individuals own all property and operate all businesses

farms, factories, railways, and other large businesses that produce and distribute goods

set up a model community in New Lanark, Scotland, to put his own ideas into practice

a German philosopher condemned the ideas of the Utopians as unrealistic idealism

form of socialism advocated by Karl Marx; according to Marx, class struggle was inevitable and would lead to the creating of classless society in which all wealth and property would be owned by the community as a whole

working class

political ideology in which there is a gradual transition from capitalism to socialism instead of a sudden violent overthrow of the system

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-Communism -Socialism

Adam Smith is regarded as the father of modern economics. One of his theories said that society benefited from economic growth driven by free markets. Thomas Malthus was an economist who had a contrary view to this. David Ricardo agreed with Malthus that the poor were having too many children

Utilitarians believed the government should be involved to help the very weakest members, the utopian socialists believed the people as whole would own and operate the means of production in a separate community. All work is shared, all property is co-owned.

Marx lived in a world where most employees were unskilled factory workers.