World History 2 SOL Review Packet – Flashcards
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Michelangelo
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Renaissance painter, sculptor Sistine Chapel and David
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Leonardo da Vinci
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Renaissance painter, inventor, etc. Mona Lisa and Last Supper
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Erasmus
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Christian Humanist writer during the Renaissance "Praise of Folly."
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Martin Luther
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Frist Protestant, 95 Theses
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John Calvin
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Second Protestant; taught Predestination
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Henry VIII
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King of England split from Catholic Church
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Elizabeth I
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Queen of England, created Anglican Church
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Hapsburg family
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Dynasty that supported the Roman Catholic Church during the 30 Years' War
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Cardinal Richelieu
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Ruler of France during 30 Years' War, took rights away from Huguenots
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Ignatius of Loyola
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Founder of Jesuits
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Gutenberg
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Invented Printing press
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Prince Henry the Navigator
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Started navigation school in Portugal
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Christopher Columbus
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Explorer that discovered Americas
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Vasco da Gama
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Explorer that discovered route around Africa (Portugal)
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Pedro Cabral
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Claimed Brazil for Portugal
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Hernando Cortez
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Spanish conquistador conquered Aztecs
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Francisco Pizzaro
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Spanish conquistador that conquered Incans
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Ferdinand Magellan
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Second explorer to circumnavigate (English)
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Sir Francis Drake
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First explorer to circumnavigate
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Nicholas Copernicus
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Scientist theory of planetary motion (elliptical orbits)
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Johannes Kepler
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Scientist heliocentric Theory
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Galileo
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Scientist used telescope to prove Heliocentric Theory
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Isaac Newton
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Scientist that proposed Law of Gravity and Calculus
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William Harvey
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Scientist discovered Blood Circulation starts with heart
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Louis XIV
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French absolute monarch overthrown in Revolution
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Peter the Great
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Russian absolute monarch Westernization
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Charles I
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French absolute monarch Palace at Versailles
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Oliver Cromwell
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Led parliament and took control of England after English Civil War
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Charles II
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Became king of England during the Restoration
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William and Mary
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Took the throne of England during the glorious reovlution
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Thomas Hobbes
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Enlightenment thinker absolute power
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John Locke
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Enlightenment thinker of Natural Rights (life, liberty, property)
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Montesquieu
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Enlightenment thinker Separation of Powers
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Rousseau
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Enlightenment thinker Social Contract
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Voltaire
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Enlightenment thinker influenced Bill of Rights (Freedom of Speech, Religion)
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Napoleon
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French dictator ended Revolution and tried to unify Europe
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Louis XVI
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Absolute monarch ovethrown in English Civil WAr
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Bach and Mozart
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Enlightenment Era classical composers
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Delacroix
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French romantic painter
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Miguel de Cervantes
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Wrote first novel Don Quixote
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Father Hidalgo
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First leader of Mexican Independence
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Toussaint L'Ouverture
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Led slave revolt in Haiti
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Simon Bolivar
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Led Latin American Independence Movements
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James Monroe
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President that issued a doctrine to end colonization of Latin America
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Count Cavour
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Unified Northern Italy
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Giuseppe Garibaldi
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Unified Southern Italy
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Otto von Bismarck
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Unified Germany with realpolitick
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James Watt
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invented modern steam engine
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Eli Whitney
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Invented the Cotton Gin increased slavery
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Henry Bessemer
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Process to make stronger steel inexpensively
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Edward Jenner
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Developed smallpox vaccine
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Louis Pasteur
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Scientist that studied bacteria and created pasteurization
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Adam smith
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Father of capitalism "Wealth of Nations"
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Karl Marx
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Father of communist "Communist Manifesto"
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Archduke Ferdinant
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Austrian Archduke assassination sparked WWII
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Kaiser Wilhelm
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Leader of Germany WWI
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Woodrow Wilson
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US President WWI
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Tsar Nicholas II
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Soviet Dictator 5 Year Plan, Great Purge
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Vladimir Lenin
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Overthrown in Russian Revolution
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Joseph Stalin
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Leader of Bolshevik Revolution in Russia
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Adolf Hitler
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Nazi dictator occupied Austria Czechoslovakia prior to WWII started WWII
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Benito Mussolini
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Fascist dictator of Italy invaded Ethiopia
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Hirohito
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Powerless emperor of Japan WWII
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Hideki Tojo
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Military dictator in Japan WWII
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Franklin D. Roosevelt
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President that got us into WWII
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Harry Truman
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President thatends WWII with atomic bombs
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
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US General led D-Day forces in WWII
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Douglas Macarthur
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US General led pacific forces during WWII
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George Marshall
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Designed European aid plan post WWII
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Winston Churchill
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British Prime Minister WWII
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Armenians
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Victims of Ottomans during WWI genocide
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Pol Pot
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Cambodian Communist Dictator committed genocide
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Hutu
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Committed genocide of Tutsi in Rwond
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Tutsi
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Victim in Rwandan Genocide
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Mikhail Gorbachev
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Last President of USSR Glasnost and Perestroika
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Ronald Reagan
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US President won arms race ended Cold War
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Chiang Kai-Shek
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Nationalist leader lost Chinese Civil War
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Mao Zedong
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Communist leader won China Civil War
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Ho Chi Monh
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Communist leader of Vietnam
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Mohandas Gandhi
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Led Indian independence with civil disobedience (non-violence)
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Kenyatta
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Led Revolt against British that led independence in Kenya
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Nelson Mandela
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First black president of Africa
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Margaret Thatcher
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Conservative Prime Minister of Great Britain supported US in Cold War
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Indira Gandhi
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Female Prime Minister of India that developed Nuclear Program
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Deng Xiaoping
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Chinese leader that instituted economic reform
