Workbook Civil Rights and Civil Liberties – Flashcards
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The Fourth Amendment protects us from what kind of searches and seizures?
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unreasonable
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Katz v. United States (phone booth) was decided in what year?
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1967
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A search occurs when the police invade a space in which you have which of the following?
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both a subjective and objective expectation of privacy
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Why is it okay for police to search the trash you leave on the curb, even if it's in sealed, opaque bags?
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you have abandoned those items and no longer have a clear expectation of privacy for them
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What percentage of criminal suspects decline to ask for an attorney during questioning?
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over 80 percent
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The Norfolk Four were accused of rape and murder. Why did the police keep looking for additional accomplices?
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they failed to get a DNA match with any of the suspects who confessed.
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Among other things, the Fifth Amendment protects which right?
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the right to remain silent
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While the original purpose of the privilege against self-incrimination was to allow criminal defendants to remain silent during their actual trial, now the concern is primarily with the possibility of coercing a confession. Why is that a concern?
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Coerced confessions undermine the legitimacy of the courts and are sometimes false.
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Some people argue that the death penalty makes people less likely to commit murder. What is this called?
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deterrence
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In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court first state that the requirements of the Eighth Amendment would change with "evolving standards of decency"?
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trop v. dulles
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In which case did the Supreme Court rule that a person who commits a murder when under the age of 18 cannot be executed for the crime?
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roper v simmons
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Recent changes in our understanding and approval of the death penalty may lead the Supreme Court to do which of the following?
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eliminate the death penalty
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If a criminal defendant decides to represent himself during his trial, we say that he is doing which of the following?
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proceeding pro se
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If a court of appeals determines that a criminal defendant did not have effective assistance of counsel at his trial, that defendant is entitled to which of the following?
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a new trial
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True or false: Even guilty criminal defendants are presumed innocent when their trial begins.
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true
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In order to convict a criminal defendant, the prosecution must provide evidence proving that the defendant is which of the following?
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guilty beyond a reasonable doubt
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True or false: If your lawyer falls asleep during your trial, that automatically means your counsel was ineffective.
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false
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When did the U.S. Supreme Court first begin to require appointment of counsel to indigent criminal defendants in some cases?
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1932
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When did the U.S. Supreme Court conclude that indigent criminal defendants are entitled to court-appointed counsel in all cases?
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1963
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What does the author of this critical thinking essay assume about civil rights?
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It is important to protect against economic, political, and social discrimination.
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Will the wages of white men be reduced if pay equity is implemented?
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No, the law prohibits reducing wages to address pay equity.
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What is the current wage gap between men and women?
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23 cents
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Based on the rate of the narrowing gender gap in pay, what will the gap be in 2020?
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lower than 23 cents
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Under the Equal Pay Act, is it legal or illegal for companies to allocate a larger proportion of their profits to their male employees as long as the wages that their male and female employees earn are equitable?
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It is illegal to allocate a larger share of the profits only to male employee, as this constitutes a form of compensation.
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In the context of pay equity, is it more important to protect companies' rights or employees' civil rights?
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In a democracy, it is more important to protect the right to equal treatment.
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Based on this example, how would you describe the fight for civil rights?
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All of these options are correct
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Where in the Constitution are civil rights first addressed?
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Civil rights are introduced with the 14th Amendment.
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What is the focus of civil rights protection?
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ensuring equal rights
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Civil liberties are concerned with which of the following?
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limiting the government's power over individuals
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The Naturalization Act of 1870 extended naturalization rights to what individuals?
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whites and blacks
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Which of the following BEST describes the difference between civil rights and civil liberties?
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Civil rights require the government to take action, while civil liberties do not.
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What non-white group was the first to be granted U.S. citizenship?
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Mexicans
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Which of the following BEST summarizes the main point of this essay?
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Latinos, like other civil rights groups, have struggled to gain the right to citizenship.
