question

Greeks made contact with the _____ in the ninth century B.C.E.

answer

Phoenicians.

question

The Greeks referred to some people with whom they came into contact as barbarians because they:

answer

did not speak Greek.

question

Hubris is:

answer

excessive pride, which was punished by the gods.

question

Homer's poetry describes a world in which:

answer

warrior aristocrats competed for status and power and reinforced social ties through hospitality and gift-giving.

question

The social center and organizational hub of the Greek polis was:

answer

the agora.

question

By the sixth century B.C.E., Greeks founded numerous colonies around the Mediterranean basin, the most significant of which were located where?

answer

Anatolia and Italy.

question

After Hoplites were introduced in Greece:

answer

aristocrats lost their monopoly on military prowess.

question

Hoplites were organized into formations called a:

answer

phalanx.

question

What made Greek battle formations and strategy formidable?

answer

the training and skill of the hoplites to stay together.

question

In the symposium, Archaic Age Greek aristocrats:

answer

enjoyed wine and listened to poetry.

question

A Greek aristocrat who seized power and ruled outside the traditional constitutional framework was called:

answer

a tyrant.

question

The origins of Greek democracy can be identified, in part, in the rule of the Athenian aristocrat:

answer

Solon.

question

Cleisthenes is important in the history of Athenian government because he:

answer

championed the cause of the demos and took steps to limit the power of aristocrats.

question

The most militarized of all the poleis in Greece was:

answer

Sparta.

question

Spartiates rejected innovation and change and were:

answer

forbidden to engage in trade or commerce.

question

Ionians transmitted the Lydian invention of _________ to the Greek world.

answer

coinage.

question

Because of their successful colonial and trading activities, the Miletus:

answer

became extraordinarily wealthy.

question

Milesian philosophers, known as the pre-Socratics:

answer

looked to physical explanations of the workings of the universe.

question

The decisive Greek military victory over the Persians at Salamis was won by:

answer

the Athenian fleet.

question

The Sophist claim that \"Man is the measure of all things\" means:

answer

goodness, truth, and justice are not absolutes, but vary according to the needs and interests of human beings.

question

Socrates urged his followers to :

answer

understand the principles of proper conduct and one's actions.

question

Greek sculpture evolved from the rather stiff likenesses resembling Egyptian statuary to a style labeled as:

answer

naturalism.

question

One major result of the Persian wars was:

answer

the vindication of hoplites in battle and a boost to Athenian and Greek confidence.

question

A result of the defeat of the Athenian expedition to attack Syracuse was:

answer

the Athenian assembly replaced its democracy with oligarchy.

question

Following Sparta's victory in the Peloponnesian War:

answer

Sparta alienated the other Greek cities by trying to dominate them.

question

After the Corinthian War (395-387 B.C.E.), Sparta:

answer

was defeated by Thebes, under the leadership of Epaminondas.

question

During the economic decline of Greece in the fourth century B.C.E.:

answer

former soldiers often worked as mercenaries who disrupted the household-based culture of the Greek poleis.

question

Macedonian military reforms under Philip II most closely resemble earlier reforms undertaken by:

answer

Thebes.

question

Whereas Plato conceived of politics as a means toward living the good life, Aristotle regarded politics as:

answer

an end in itself.

question

Alexander decided to make Egypt the capital of his empire:

answer

after he was proclaimed the 'son of Ammon\" by the sun god's oracle.

question

The beginning of the end of Alexander's conquests was his inability to fully subdue:

answer

Afghanistan.

question

Alexander sought to fuse his Greco-Macedonian Empire with Persia by:

answer

arranging for hundreds of his officers to marry Persian noblewomen.

question

Macedonian rule in Egypt was characterized by:

answer

a revival of ancient traditions associated with the pharaohs.

question

The most important cultural center in the Hellenistic world was:

answer

Alexandria.

question

To highlight their authority and status in the former Persian Empire, Seleucid rulers:

answer

used terms in proclamations reminiscent of earlier Mesopotamian rulers.

question

After a period of instability, __________was finally able to establish rule over the homeland of Alexander's Empire—Macedonia and Greece.

answer

Antigonus.

question

The Aetolian and Achaean Leagues differed from previous Greek attempts at political organization between poleis because:

answer

they represented a real political unification, with some centralization of government functions.

question

Why did autocratic rulers in the Hellenistic world encourage manufacturing industries?

answer

Manufacturing increased international trade revenues and therefore taxation and tariffs.

question

With the expansion of population in Hellenistic world:

answer

Alexander's successors established some 200 cities.

question

The _________ believed that the cosmos is an ordered whole in which all contradictions are resolved for ultimate good.

answer

Stoics.

question

A major influence on Epicurus and his school of Epicureanism was:

answer

Democritus.

question

Central to the Skeptic worldview is the idea that:

answer

one must suspend judgment concerning everything.

question

Aristarchus of Samos was unusual among Hellenistic astronomers because:

answer

he believed that the earth revolves around the sun.

question

Herophilus of Chalcedon was an innovative _________ in the ancient Hellenistic world.

answer

anatomist.

question

The chief characteristics of Hellenistic architecture were:

answer

grandeur and ornamentation.

question

Philip of Macedonia built his power base north of Greece partially by:

answer

multiple alliance marriages.

question

In invading Persia, Alexander began to follow the example of Cyrus the Great and:

answer

offered amnesty to cities that surrendered and no mercy to those that did not.

question

With the expansion of population in the Hellenistic world and the creation of larger cities:

answer

the average Greek male was less connected to his community and had little or no stake in society.

question

Greek rational thought began to separate in the Hellenistic world:

answer

and scientific inquiry began to be its own field of study.

question

Prior to the establishment of Rome as the dominant state in Italy:

answer

Etruscans, skilled metalworkers and artists, lived there.

question

The geographic site of Rome has many advantages, including:

answer

hills that increase the defensibility of the city.

question

One of the things the Romans borrowed from the Greek settlers in southern Italy was:

answer

the derived Roman alphabet.

question

The Latin Right of the early Romans guaranteed that:

answer

contracts, marriages, and citizenship were valid across Latium.

question

The myth of the rape of Lucretia appealed to Roman patriotism by emphasizing:

answer

the corruption of Etruscan morals and government.

question

During the early Roman Republic, Rome:

answer

expanded slowly and extended the Latin right to many of the cities it conquered.

question

The division between Roman patricians and plebeians was:

answer

between the wealthiest (2 percent) and the rest (98 percent) of the people.

question

The Twelve Tables of Law, approved in 450 B.C.E., represent:

answer

the codification of existing laws for all to see and obey.

question

The equestrian order (Roman knights) was established when:

answer

businessmen who did not become senators wanted privileges.

question

Central to Roman identity was a conservatism expressed in an unwritten code of:

answer

mos maiorum.

question

According to the patria potestas provision of the Twelve Tables, a Roman father:

answer

had absolute power over his family, up to and including the power of life and death.

question

Traditional Roman religion included ancestor worship and:

answer

oligarchs who played dual roles as priests and politicians.

question

Once the Romans had effectively gained control of Italy (265 B.C.E.):

answer

they started a series of wars for control of the western Mediterranean

question

After Rome had twice defeated Carthage, a third Punic War:

answer

was provoked by war hawks who thought Carthage must be destroyed.

question

Cicero, one of the most famous Stoics of the later republic, believed in all the tenets of Stoicism except:

answer

withdrawal from public life.

question

Roman law consisted of three branches: civil law, natural law, and:

answer

the law of nations.

question

The Romans were able to support cities with large populations due, in no small measure, to the:

answer

construction of a system of aqueducts to allow a steady supply of potable water to the cities.

question

Cultural and intellectual developments in Rome reached their pinnacle during:

answer

the Principate.

question

The Augustan system of government:

answer

is known as the early empire or Principate, because Octavian ruled as first citizen.

question

In the aftermath of the assassination of Julius Caesar, the second triumvirate took out its revenge on everyone opposed to them; one of the more prominent victims of the second triumvirate was:

answer

Cicero.

question

Tiberius Gracchus sought to protect small farmers and protect the pool of citizens from which the army could be drawn by reviving old laws from the republican days that limited the amount of land a person could hold; for this he was:

answer

murdered.

question

Prior to Julius Caesar's appointment as \"Dictator for Life,\" only one other Roman had been appointed to that position without the traditional six-month term, and he was:

answer

Sulla.

question

Those who ruled Rome from 96 to 180 C.E. were called the \"Five Good Emperors\" because:

answer

they were capable administrators who governed successfully.

question

One example of how Rome transformed the world into the Roman world would be:

answer

that Roman leaders who originated from everywhere within the empire would settle far from their place of birth.

question

The Romans were the first people to use ___ on a massive scale in their buildings.

answer

concrete

Western Civilization Ch.3-5 Review

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