W.G. Ch.4 Test Vocab. – Flashcards
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death rate
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the number of deaths per year for every 1,000 people.
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birthrate
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the number of births per year for every 1,000 people.
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natural increase
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growth rate, of a population as the difference between an areas birthrate and its death rate.
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zero population growth
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the birthrate and death rate are equal.
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doubling time
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the number of years it takes a population double in size.
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population distribution
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the pattern of human settlement.
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population density
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the average number of people living on a square mile or square kilometer of land.
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refugees
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people who flee to another country to escape persecution.
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culture
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the way of life a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs.
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language families
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large groups of languages having similar roots.
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cultural diffusion
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the process of spreading new knowledge and skill from one culture to another.
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unitray system
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government gives all key powers to national or central government.
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federal system
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government divides the power of government between the national government and state or provincial governments.
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autocracy
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rule by one person.
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oligarchy
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rule by a few people, small group holds power.
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democracy
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rule by many people.
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traditional economy
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habit and custom determine the rules for all economic activity.
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market economy
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individuals and private groups make decisions about what to produce.
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free enterprise
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the idea that private individuals or groups have the right to own property or businesses and make a profit with only limited government interference.
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mixed economy
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one in which the government supports and regulates free enterprise through decisions.
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command economy
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the government owns or directs the means of production land, labor, capital, and business managers and controls the distribution of goods.
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natural resources
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the elements form earth that are not made by people but can be used by them for food, fuel, or other necessities.
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renewable resources
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cannot be used up or can be replaced naturally or grown again in a relatively short amount of time.
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nonrenewable resources
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cannot be replaced, such as minerals and fossil fuel.
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developed countries
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countries having much technology and manufacturing.
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developing countries
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countries working toward greater manufactoing and technology.
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industrilization
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the spread of industry.
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tariff
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tax
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quota
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number limit
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free trade
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the removal of trade barriers so that goods can flow freely among countries.
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pollution
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the release of unclean or impure elements into the air, water, and land.
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Acidic rain
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eats away at the suface of buildings, kills fish, and can even destroy entire forests.
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