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New England colonies

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• Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire • Puritans settled-seeking religious freedom • Covenant community — direct democracy through town meetings

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Middle Colonies

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• New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware • Mixed settlers, Quakers, Baptist, Methodists • Pennsylvania — Quakers — William Penn

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Southern colonies

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• Maryland, Virginia, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina • England ruled settlement of southern colonies • Middle Passage — slaves forcibly brought from Africa

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Mayflower Compact

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• First governing document of the New World • Written by the colonists later known as the Pilgrims

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House of Burgesses

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• First representative body in the New World • Virginia Assembly today

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Jamestown

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• First permanent English settlement in New World, Virginia - 1607 • First blacks to arrive — 1619 • Tobacco — cash crop

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John Smith

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• One of leaders of the new colony of Jamestown • No work — no eat policy

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Cavaliers

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•Virginia's elite settlers given large land grants from King of England

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Proclamation of 1763

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• British decision that colonist were not to move west of the Appalachians

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Stamp Act 1765

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• British parliament passes this act to collect money on debts • Imposes a tax on printed documents including wills, newspapers, and playing cards.

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Patrick Henry

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• Led opposition of the Stamp Act and is famous for his quote "Give me liberty or give me death!" • Anti-Federalist — opposed the Constitution for he feared it would take power from the states.

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Townshend Acts

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• Taxed goods that were imported into the colonies....such as lead, glass, paint, paper and tea. • 'Taxation without Representation' screamed the colonists. Protested the Act....later repealed.

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Boston Massacre 1770

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• Also known as the Boston ript, was an incident in Boston which lead to deaths of five civilians at the hands of British soldiers.

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Boston Tea Party

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• As a result of the Tea Act in 1773, the colonists organized the Boston Tea Party, in which the colonists dumped British tea into the Boston harbor.

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John Locke

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• Major influence on the founding fathers especially Thomas Jefferson.... with his ideas of individual liberties, social contract, and limited government. • One passage of the Declaration of lndependence...straight from John Locke's writings.

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'Common Sense' 1776

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• Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine. • Argument for the freedom from British rule. • People were undecided as to break away from England.

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Declaration of Independence 1776

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• Author — Thomas Jefferson was selected as the draft composer. • Document announcing to King George of Britain and the rest of the world...our independence from England and no longer under British rule. All men created equal....life, liberty, pursuit of happiness.

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Articles of Confederation

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• Served as U.S. first constitution -1777 • Many weaknesses — proved govt was not strong enough • No Executive, No Judiciary, No power to tax, No Military draft. No power to regulate interstate disputes • One vote per state

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Minutemen

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• Select groups of colonial militia....highly mobile, rapidly deployed forces to respond to war threats immediately...hence their name.

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Shays Rebellion

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• Daniel Shays — lead farmers on protest of higher state taxes in Mass. • Showed government was not strong enough to respond to crisis situations • Farmers faced problems from debts they owed to creditors

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New Jersey Plan

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• Small states favored • Representation in Congress based on equality — one vote/state • Unicameral legislature

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Virginia Plan

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• Big states favored • Representation in Congress based on population • Bicameral legislature

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Great Compromise

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• Roger Sherman — Connecticut • Compromised NJ & VA Plans • Two houses — one based on equality, one based on population

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3/5 Compromise

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• North and South disagreed as how slaves were to be counted towards population for representation in Congress • Each slave counted 3/5 of a man • Every 5 slaves =3 people

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Federalists

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• Supported the U.S. Constitution • Wanted strong, central government • James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay

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Anti-Federalists

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• Opposed the U.S. Constitution • Feared a strong, central government • Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee

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James Madison

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• Of Virginia • Father of the U.S. Constitution • Author of the Virginia Plan • Federalist, Author Bill of Rights

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Bill of Rights

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• Anti-Federalists wanted to include Bill of Rights to ratify, the Constitution • 1st 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution • Rights, Liberties, Freedoms

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Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom -1777

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• Thomas Jefferson — enacted for the people to have the freedom of religion • Virginia Assembly adopted in 1786 • Influenced 1st amendment freedom of religion

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Virginia Declaration of Rights

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• Drafted 1776 — claim inherent rights of the people • Influenced Declaration of Independence and Bill of Rights • George Mason - author

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United States Constitution

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• Supreme law of the land —framework for the organization of the United States • Preamble — We the People(purpose of the government) • 7 Articles

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United States Constitution 1787

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Major Events led to Constitution: • First Continental Congress • Second Congress • Shays Rebellion • Articles of Confederation • Federalists v. Anti-Federalists • 3/5 Compromise • Revolutionary War

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Checks and Balances

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• Each branch has the power to check the other branches.... to ensure no branch has too much power

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Separation of Powers

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• Power divided among 3 independent branches of government • Making stronger government and limiting govt at same time

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George Washington

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• his leadership helped the continental army to stay intact, and survive long enough to await France's help. Despite the fact that his men lacked food and ammunition. • 1st President of the U.S.

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Ratification of U.S. Constitution

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• 9 of 13 states needed to ratijy for it to go into effect. • 1st - Delaware, Last - Vermont

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McCulloch v. Maryland

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• States can not tax the national bank • Supremacy Clause

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Land Ordinance of 1785

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• Under the Articles of Confederation, did not have power to tax • So, to raise money for govt, sale of land west of the original states

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Marbury v. Madison

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• Court case established power of Judicial Review • Marbury appointed by President Adams as Justice of Peace in DC but paperwork not delivered • Petitioned Supreme Court for Secretary of State — Madison to deliver documents — approve decision

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Gibbons v. Ogden

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• Court case — power to regulate interstate commerce • Over use of waterways between NY & NJ

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Natural Rights

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• Rights that can not be taken away • Inalienable Rights —John Locke — life, liberty, property

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Patriots

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• American colonists wanting independence from British rule

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Loyalists

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• American colonists against breaking away from British rule...Ioyal to British empire.

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Ben Franklin

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• Constructed a treaty of alliance with France, France comes to U.S. aid

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Trenton

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• the daring attack by Washington on Christmas Eve to get supplies, food, clothing and ammunition

US History 1st Semester Study Guide – 1 – Flashcards

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