Unit 4: Set 1 (3/11) – Flashcards

1. Economics is the study of how a society _________________.

a. employs resources to produce goods and services and distribute them among competing
groups and individuals.
b. employs statistical techniques to make predictions about the evolution of society over the
long run.
c. governs itself for the good of its citizens.

In a free market economic system, the mechanism of __________ is the key determinant used to signal to producers what to produce and how much to produce.

Ifa shortage exists in a market for a good, the price of that good will tend to fall

When the market price of a good is above the equilibrium value

In a well functioning market economy, the actual market price will tend, in the long term, to adjust towards the equilibrium point where supply and demand meet

Which of the following statements about supply and demand is false?

a. Adapting to changes in demand is easy for businesses to do;
b. Demand refers to the quantity of a good that consumers are willing and able to buy at
different prices at a specific time;
c. In the long run, the actual market price tends to adjust toward the equilibrium point;
d. Price is the key factor that determines both quantity supplied and quantity demanded; e. Under the basic principle of supply, as the price goes down, manufacturers and suppliers
of a product tend to supply less of the product to the market.

The quantity of a good or service that producers are willing to sell at different prices during a specific time period is known as the:

A simple supply curve shows that an increase in the price of a good will cause the quantity supplied to:

A typical demand curve shows that:

10. When unchanged:
the market price of a good is below the equilibrium price, and all other determinants are

The price of iPhonesTM is falling. In a free-market economic system where everything else is equal, the most likely explanation is:

a. Sellers cannot keep up with market demand. b. Suppliers are not producing enough product. c. The government determined that the product was not worth the price tag that the producer
was asking. d. The product has competition at the equilibrium price. e. None of the above.

Jill owns a bakery that specializes in cheesecakes. Until recently, Jill charged a price of $12 for each cheesecake. At this price Jill’s customers bought an average of 84 cheesecakes each week. For the last few weeks, she has reduced her price to $10.50 per cheesecake, and her customers have purchased an average of 96 cheesecakes each week. These results are consistent with the economic concept of demand.

Under the basic principle of supply, as the price goes down, manufacturers and suppliers of a product tend to supply less of the product to the market.

14. Monopolistic competition
15. Monopoly
16. Oligopoly
17. Perfect competition

a. A few large sellers who dominate a market. b. A large number of firms produce goods that are similar but are perceived by buyers as
being different.
c. The entire demand for a good is controlled by a single buyer.
d. The entire supply of a good is controlled by a single seller.
e. There are many sellers in a market and no seller is large enough to dictate the price of a
product.

18. Collegetown restaurants;
19. Corn growers in Iowa; 20. Town of Ithaca Water;
21. U.S.A. automobile industry.

22. Bolton Point Water System, which provides water to the Towns of Dryden, Ithaca, Lansing, and the Villages of Cayuga Heights and Lansing;
23. CollegeTown Bagel, one of the eateries in the Collegetown district of Ithaca;
24. Cornell University, a member of the highly esteemed Ivy League university conference;
25. People selling or renting in Craigslist in Ithaca.

a. Monopolistic competition
b. Monopoly
c. Oligopoly
d. Perfect competition

26. Monopolistic competition
27. Monopoly
28. Oligopoly
29. Perfect competition

a. High differentiation, high size/economies of scale
b. High differentiation, small size/economies of scale
c. Low differentiation, large size/economies of scale
d. Low differentiation, small size/economies of scale

Product differentiation is a key to success in monopolistic competition

31. Destroys freedom of choice
32. Focuses on differentiation
33. Relies on innovation 34. Inhibits amount of investment

35. Underwhich industrial structure do consumers receive the lowest prices in the short term?

The brewing industry is an example of the process of turning _____ into ______ industries, as barriers to entry decline, the investment required to participate in the industry reduces, and customers’ taste becomes more sophisticated and varied.

Which of the following is a major indicator of a nation’s economic conditions?
a. CPI
b. GDP
c. Unemployment rate d. All of the above are major indicators
e. None of the above is a major indicator

Which of the following is not an important indicator for the economy as a whole?
a. Asset profitability
b. Gross domestic product
c. Price indexes
d. Unemployment rate e. All of the above are important indicators for the economy as a whole.

_________ refers to a general rise in the price level of goods and services over time.

_______ unemployment refers to unemployment caused by the restructuring of firms or by a mismatch between the skills of job seekers and the requirements of available jobs.

_______ unemployment refers to loss of jobs due to a recession or downturn in the economy

Fiscal policy involves increases or decreases in:

Efforts by the Federal Reserve Bank (the Fed) to control the money supply and interest rates are known as:

A significant increase in the money supply creates _________ pressures in the economy

a. Deflationary
b. Inflationary

An increase in the Federal Reserve’s discount rate produces a(n) __________ in money supply

a. Increase
b. Reduction

The Federal Reserve establishes the United States fiscal policy

Match the following actions of the U.S. government and the Federal Reserve with the kind of economic policy effort they represent.

47. As a result of the dot.com crisis, 9/11, the Afghanistan and Irak wars, and the financial crisis of September 2008, the United States have maintained consistent deficit spending for the last twelve years;
48. The Federal Reserve has purchased an additional $600 billion in US Treasuries, on the hope to increase liquidity in the U.S. economy, using a mechanism called quantitative easing;
49. The Obama administration, upon arriving in power, instituted a stimulus package worth $787 billion, known as the “American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009”, that was intended to create jobs and promote investment and consumer spending during the recession;
50. The Troubled Asset Relief Program, a program of the United States government to purchase assets and equity from financial institutions to strengthen the U.S. financial sector, signed into law on October 2008. Institutions who benefited from the program have by now mostly repayed these investments.

a. Fiscal policy
b. Monetary policy
c. National debt management