Unit 4 AP Human – Flashcards

A group of people who share common cultural characteristics. (Language, history, ethnicity, religion, etc.) Ex. Japanese, Han Chinese, Swedish, Basque, Kurds, Palestinians, Chechens, Israelis, etc.

A nation wants their own state while ethnicities dont necessarily.

Defined territory/boundaries, stable/permanent population, (doesn't have to be high, just STABLE) Organizational structure or government, SOVEREIGNTY, International Recognition.

The control of $$$, military, & police, the ability to regulate immigration, No external taxes imposed, (exception: Extraterritoriality - Territory out of your boundary.)

A country with only 1 nation in it. (The boundary of the nation should match the boundary of the state.) Ex: Denmark, Australia, Japan, Poland, any country in western Europe.

A country with more than 1 nation or ethnicity. (Iraq, Iran, Russia, United States.)

A group of people who share a common characteristic and live in multiple states. Ex: Basque, Russian, Korean, Kurds, Arabs, etc.

A group of people who share a common characteristic who do not have their own territory. (Kurds, Basque.)

Many Centrifugal forces such as multiple languages, religions (india), shape of border, (fragmented, elongated) scarce resources, arable land, weak economy, (divides), Ideological differences (pro vs. anti-slavery) History of violence among groups, death of strong leader/popular leader (marshall Tito) Desire for "pure" nation-state leads to ethnic cleansing. (Holocaust) causes global problems, type of government.

DEVOLUTION: The shift of power from the central government to the regional government. (India, Yugoslavia, Spain, Quebec) Sometimes caused by a sense of nationalism among a group of people in a multination state.

Separation of countries into multiple countries. (Balkanization) Ex: Yugoslavia, U.S.S.R., Belgium? Kashmir?

Similar language, religion, traditions, customs (holidays, Olympics), Charismatic leader (Hitler), abundance of resources, shape of border (Compact), similar ideology, (All men are created equal.), strong economy, common enemy, type of government.

Efficient, circular, capital ideally in the center. Ex: Nigeria, Ethiopia, Belgium.

Narrow/stretched, long distance from capital, no access to ports, has an isolated part(s) of the state. Ex: Russia, Chile, Norway, Italy, Thailand. (can be both elongated and prorupted.)

long excess territory that protrudes outward, divides two countries, Ex: Namibia, Afghanistan, Austria, India (Most are designed for access to resources such as water, oil, or ports.)

2 types: divided by water (only problem is isolation) or divided by other states. (Definitely problematic) Water: Bahamas, Philippines, Indonesia, NEw Zealand. Land: Angola, Azerbaijan, Croatia, Russia.

A state that completely SURROUNDS another. NOT LANDLOCKED. Ex: Italy, South Africa. (NOT LESOTHO OR VATICAN CITY)

First they were written (definition), Then they were drawn on a map (Delimination/deliniate), Then physical structures (built, DMZ, physical structure.) (Demarcation)

Any land not controlled by any country. (People may claim area, but can't always control it.) Ex: Antarctica, places in Sahara Dessert.

-A piece of land your country controls that is not connected to the mother country. - HAS to be SEPARATED BY FOREIGN TERRITORY. (Not Water) Ex: U.S. (Alaska), Russia (Kaliningrad)

-A group of people COMPLETELY SURROUNDED by ONE group. (Water doesn't count) (Nagorno - KArabakh in Azerbaijan)

Ethnic is in citites (Chinatown, Greektown, Little Italy.) while political enclaves are countries, (Lesotho, Vatican City)

Changing river course, Political conflict, & chain migration.

Power predominately w/ central government. Regional government can exist but can be taken away. (only purpose of a regional government is to assist the federal government.) Same laws throughout country, works best in small countries.

*Different laws throughout the country, more responsive to the needs of the people (State Congress), states can makes laws, but countries can reject them, more suited for large/multinational states. (France and Poland are moving towards this type of government.)

Weaker central government than a federal system. (Federal= united country, confederation= dissolvable, but each unit is sovereign.

Organization of 2 or more states for a purpose. (Economic cooperation, military defense, international stability.) Why Join? - more money (sharing), economic cooperation (Sharing knowledge), reduce trade restrictions, maintain peace.

North American Free Trade Agreement. (Purpose is remove tariffs, agree to respect intellectual property rights.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Common defense (Attack 1- Attack all), common interests discussed, they will also intervene in trouble spots (Kosovo, Afghanistan, Bosnia, Etc.)

African union - Trying to end minority led governments in Africa, promote development throughout continent =.

Win independence for all Arabs still under foreign rule, prevent Jewish minority in Palestine from creating state. NEW GOALS: focus on development & cooperation, & cultural changes (Women's rights, education programs.)

"If you aren't growing as a country, you are dying." - states need territory to survive, expansion feeds growth of state power, no expansion = stagnation Ex: Imperialism, Germany (WW2), VERY environmental determinist. (RATZUL)

Parts of ocean territory = power (SPYKMAN) (Imperial Japan, British Empire, maybe USA) -ports are important, control the oceans, you control trade, conquer territory, assumed a multi-polar world.

Power is about controlling the Heartland (Middle East) -Pivot Area = Eastern Europe/Central Asia, You control Eurasia, you control the world, focused on one super powerful army. (MACKINDER)