Unit 3 Study Guide: Ancient Greece and Rome World History

Great military leader, conquered Persian empire

Roman Emperor who united empire and accepted Christianity

Roman General who conquered Gaul and named himself dictator.
Responsible for First Triumvirate.
Increased senate to 900 members and reduced their power.

Taught that education was key to personal growth.
Trained students to think for themselves.
Taught through questioning.
Criticized democracy because unskilled people shouldn’t hold positions of power.

Leader of Greece during the Golden Era*

Clans and Warriors, Tribes and chief
fort-like cities
-adapted Minoan’s Linear B.
Civilization on the Greek mainland that conquered Minoans

Roman general.
Battle of Zama, near Carthage, Scipio and Romans defeated Hannibal’s army in 2nd Punic War

In 2nd Punic War.
Great Carthaginian general – brought elephants along to cross the Alps in 2nd Punic War

General in Roman army, made emperor in 284 A.D.
Realized empire had grown too large for one person to manage, Therefore split it into West and East. He ruled the East while his co-emperor ruled the West.

German invaders that sacked Rome

Unite Greek city-states, Spread Greek culture, defeat Persia

Greek word for city-state
-a fort, its city and its hinterlands

A high hill
center of original city-state

made up most of population.
-mainly farmers and workers
-Had little rights
-Did not know the laws therefore Rome wrote its laws on tablets and called it the Twelve Tables
Common citizen of Rome

all citizens participate directly in making decisions

form of government in which voters elect officials to run the state

Senate. Controlled public funds and decided foreign policy. Sometimes acted as court.

Latin

Early form of writing Mycenaean contributed to Greek development

an alliance of city-states with Athens as leader, organized to combat the threat of the Persian Empire

white marble temple built in honor of Athena

Roman code of laws that established that certain basic legal principles should apply to all humans

Rule by hereditary royalty

small groups of people having control of a country

someone who uses absolute power brutally

government in which citizens take part, Rule by the people

government ruled by an Intellectual upper class

study of oratory, or public speaking and debating

the sin of pride
-offended the gods and doomed the hero to a tragic end

bridge like structures carried water from the moutains

deals with whats good and bad, moral duty

put to death for their beliefs

500-479 B.C
Greek city-states united to defeat the Persian empire

431 B.C
Between Athens and Sparta. Rivals for years. Quarreled over trade. Sparta gained help from Persia to cut Athen’s food supply. Athens surrendered. After war, Greece was politically unstable.
A civil war between Sparta and Athens

Roman Peace, During Augustus’ reign

264-146 B.C (3 wars)
Rome and Carthage fought over control of Mediterranean

336 BCE-146 BCE
Spread of Greek culture
“Greek like” way of life
Time period in which Greek-like culture was spread throughout the Mediterranean, Persian Empire, and Asia

The second Punic War

Athens

Alexandria, Egypt

Peninsula

Located in a valley. Not a hill.
Pelopohnesus was isolated and mountainous. Developing Sparta into a rigid and militarized society.
oligarchy

Located on the Attic peninsula. Least fertile areas in Greece. Thus Athenians turned to the sea and many became sea traders.

Diocletian dividing the empire in two. Goths constantly invading. Civil wars. Growing divisions between rich and poor. Corruption and unstable leadership.

The Athenians won with the help of Sparta

It occurred when the Greek navy sank most of the Persian navy in the Salamis Strait

He moved the treasury from Delos to Athens. He used the money for the good of Athens

The Spartans because they had help from Persia to cut Athens’ food supply.

With the help of Elephants

In hopes of administering the large territory more effectively