Unit 2 test – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Tituba was reputed to be
answer
a. a Yoruba from Africa. b. an Arawak Indian from Guyana. c. a woman accused of practicing witchcraft. **d. All of the above. **
question
In the middle decades of the seventeenth century, the British government was thrown into turmoil as Parliament and the king struggled over two fundamental and overlapping issues. The two issues were:
answer
a. the annual salary paid the ruling family and whether or not the monarch was sovereign. b. which power would control the colonies and which would disburse the incomes from the colonies. **c. religion and royal power.** d. whether the monarch was subservient to Parliament or Parliament was subservient to the crown.
question
According to the economic theory of mercantilism,
answer
a. the colonies and mother country were to work together for the good of the nation. b. the colonies were to find and collect raw materials. c. the mother country was to produce finished products. **d. All of the above. **
question
During the seventeenth century a nation's wealth was calculated by the amount of ___________ that it possessed.
answer
a. raw materials b. finished goods c. farmable land **d. gold and silver**
question
When the colonies began to manufacture items such as woolen cloth and hats, Parliament passed legislation to restrict those industries because
answer
**a. colonial production of such items competed with British manufacturers producing the same things.** b. Parliament was trying to prove to the colonists that it had the power to regulate the colonial economy. c. the mother country was to supply raw materials and the colonists manufactured goods. d. certain colonial products had to be sent first to England before they could be shipped elsewhere.
question
In the mid-1600s New Amsterdam, soon to be named New York, was an unusual North American city because it was a
answer
a. crossroads of empires. b. multiethnic city. c. multicultural city. **d. All of the above. **
question
Which of the following is the best description of early Pennsylvania?
answer
a. A Catholic haven for persecuted immigrants. **b. A peaceful colony of merchant-oriented Quakers.** c. An overcrowded colony of dissident Puritans. d. A colony settled originally by the "Pennsylvania Dutch."
question
Carolina became a profitable, successful colony once it began to export
answer
a. Indian slaves. b. deerskins. **c. sugar.** d. rice.
question
Which of the following statements characterizes slavery in Virginia?
answer
a. Slavery was hereditary. b. Manumission was quite rare. c. Slavery was racial. **d. All of the above. **
question
Which of the following statements about King Philip's War is correct?
answer
** a. Huge losses came to both colonists and Indians.** b. French forces were aided by Huron Indians. c. Rhode Island colony instigated the war. d. Puritans fought in the traditional open-field formations.
question
The result of the Glorious Revolution was that
answer
**a. it began a period of stability that enabled Britain to become the world's most powerful nation.** b. the monarch was clearly and legally superior to Parliament. c. there would be no taxation without representation in the British colonies. d. All of the above.
question
Bacon's Rebellion is best understood as a revolt against
answer
a. heavy-handed British rule b. Indian raids on English settlements c. treatment of slaves **d. elite rule in the colony**
question
In the years that followed the Salem witchcraft trials, what changes became evident in New England?
answer
a. Increasingly large numbers of eccentric women were accused of witchcraft. b. New Englanders increasingly believed in the devil's power over their lives. **c. New Englanders began to believe that the universe was orderly and events were caused by knowable factors.** d. New Englanders increasingly believed they were God's chosen people, and that the colony was a "New Israel."
question
Why did French minister Jean Baptiste Colbert's plans fail to cause Quebec's population to grow?
answer
a. Because the men and women who emigrated to Quebec did so as indentured servants and the law prevented them from marrying until their contract was over. By the time their contract was over they were usually too old to start families. b. Because most French immigrants to Quebec went back home after a brief stay in Canada. c. The continual Indian war and wars with Great Britain kept the population too low for natural increase. **d. The French colonists did not like that Colbert tried to control all aspects of their lives. **
question
The background to the Pueblo Revolt in New Mexico included all the following factors except
answer
a. a long-term drought. b. resentment of the social changes demanded by Spanish priests. c. raids by neighboring tribes on the Pueblo. **d. a rapid increase in native population resulting in overcrowding. **
question
The story of Tituba and Salem illustrates the fact that distant lands and cultures were tied together by many different forces.
answer
** a. True** b. False
question
The colony of New York was carved out of previously French held territory.
answer
a. True **b. False **
question
Pennsylvania may be best remembered in early colonial history as the only English colony to reject slavery.
answer
a. True **b. False **
question
Because of the warm year-round climate, the health of colonists in the Caribbean was considerably better than that of colonists in mainland Colonies.
answer
a. True **b. False **
question
Virginia switched from indentured servant labor to slave labor because indentured servants became too expensive for many tobacco planters.
answer
a. True **b. False **
question
As the New England colonies prospered, their prosperity led to both internal and external tensions.
answer
** a. True** b. False
question
Queen Anne's and King William's Wars provided proof that England and France were more than willing to utilize Indian allies to bear the brunt of frontier warfare.
answer
** a. True** b. False
question
France, unlike England, gave full reign to its colony in Canada, giving it complete ability to run its own affairs.
answer
a. True **b. False**
question
France established its Louisiana colony for political and military reasons.
answer
** a. True** b. False
question
Spain's settlement at St. Augustine, Florida, was intended to be a self-supporting military outpost.
answer
** a. True** b. False
question
William Penn
answer
was a Quaker who, having received land from Charles II, in turn sold the land to wealthy Quaker merchants to encourage settlement. The promise of self-government, cheap land, and religious tolerance made Pennsylvania an attractive settlement to ordinary settlers, and the colony expanded quickly.
question
William Berkeley
answer
was a British nobleman who became governor of Virginia in 1641. He promoted the diversification of agriculture in Virginia as well as a policy of peace with the local Indians.
question
John Locke
answer
was a political philosopher who also helped draft the fundamental constitutions for the new colony of South Carolina. His Two Treatises of Government is considered a guiding document for the establishment of a liberal, rights-oriented government.
question
King Philip's
answer
By the 1660s several New England colonies claimed land owned by the Wampanoags. ______ War destroyed any important Indian presence in southeastern New England and killed one out of every twenty-five English settlers and more than 4,000 Indians.
question
Tituba was not executed as a witch because
answer
a. she crafted stories that were believable to her captors. b. she confirmed that she had made a covenant with the devil. c. she managed to turn the Puritans' concern to others like themselves. *d. All of the above. *
question
Parliament and the King of England struggled over two issues in the middle decades of the seventeenth century. They were
answer
*a. religion and royal power.* b. whether the monarch was superior or inferior to Parliament. c. whether the monarch or Parliament would control the colonies and pay out the incomes from the colonies. d. All of the above.
question
According to the economic theory of mercantilism, the nation would benefit if
answer
*a. the colonies and mother country were to work together for the good of the nation.* b. the colonies were to consume raw materials. c. it produced raw materials. d. All of the above.
question
According to the economic theory of mercantilism, a nation's wealth was calculated by the ________ that it possessed.
answer
a. amount of gold and silver b. amount of raw materials c. the number of colonies *d. the amount of manufactured goods *
question
According to Parliament's way of thinking, the colonists' manufacture of goods such as woolen cloth and hats was a threat to the nation's well-being because
answer
*a. colonial production of such items competed with British manufacturers producing the same things.* b. Parliament wanted to prove that it had the power to regulate the colonial economy. c. the mother country had a limited supply of raw materials like wool and hats. d. certain colonial products had to be sent first to England in English ships before they were sent anyplace else.
question
In the mid-1600s New Amsterdam, soon to be named New York, was an unusual North American city because
answer
a. it was a multinational city. b. it was made up of people who tolerated each others' beliefs. c. it was important in international trade. *d. All of the above.*
question
William Penn was a
answer
a. Catholic. *b. Quaker.* c. Methodist. d. Puritan.
question
For the early colonists in Carolina, which of the following commodities became the most important?
answer
*a. Indian slaves.* b. Deerskins. c. Rice. d. Corn.
question
Which of the following statements about slavery in Virginia is an incorrect characterization?
answer
a. Slavery was hereditary. b. Manumission was quite rare. c. Slavery was racial. *d. The same conditions applied to indentured servants. *
question
The underlying cause of King Philip's War was
answer
* a. the steady encroachment of British settlers upon land inhabited by Indians.* b. the desire to overthrow an unpopular and corrupt colonial governor. c. the brutal way in which each side treated its enemies. d. that the Mohawks, Dutch, and French had allied themselves together in order to take the colonists' land.
question
The result of the Glorious Revolution was
answer
*a. that it began a period of stability that enabled Britain to become the world's most powerful nation.* b. that the monarch was clearly and legally inferior to Parliament. c. that the Anglican religion would prevail in England and her colonies. d. All of the above.
question
Nathaniel Bacon led a rebellion in part to protest
answer
a. heavy-handed British rule b. Indian raids on English settlements c. treatment of slaves *d. elite rule in the colony *
question
Why were the colonists no longer using witchcraft and magic to explain unusual events?
answer
a. They had come to believe that events were caused by natural and knowable forces. b. They had come to understand the natural world around them was not evil and fearful. *c. They had come to realize that they were foolish for relying on witchcraft and magic.* d. They had come to place their faith in God, not the devil.
question
France established a series of outposts in present-day Louisiana and Mississippi (all of the territory known as Louisiana) in order to
answer
a. cut the Spanish mainland empire in two parts (Florida on the east and New Mexico on the west). b. solidify her claims to the region and develop the Indian fur trade in that region. *c. create a physical presence along Britain's western border and perhaps limit her western economic development.* d. All of the above.
question
Which of the following statements was not a cause for the Pueblo Revolt of 1680?
answer
a. A combination of Spanish demands for labor and tribute. *b. The Pueblos believed their Apache and Navajo neighbors had entered into an alliance with the Spanish.* c. A long period of drought that began around 1660. d. Persecution of the Pueblos for their religious practices.
question
The chief trade rival of England in the second half of the seventeenth century was the Netherlands.
answer
*a. True* b. False
question
New York's early history was a contradiction of religious freedom, an attraction to settlement, and feudal land ownership that was a hindrance to settlement.
answer
*a. True* b. False
question
Colonial South Carolina was socially, culturally and economically tied are most closely with the Caribbean.
answer
* a. True* b. False
question
Bacon's Rebellion provides ample proof of the internal tension among elites and non-elites.
answer
*a. True* b. False
question
Controversy in Puritan New England churches in the later 1600s revolved around the fact that many people had abandoned the church for the more prosperous life.
answer
*a. True* b. False
question
John Locke's Two Treatises of Government argued that governments had a God-given right to govern over the people.
answer
a. True *b. False *
question
Political stress, impending warfare, land ownership squabbles, and social disruption all played a part in explaining the witchcraft hysteria in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1692.
answer
*a. True* b. False
question
As late as the middle of the eighteenth century, Native Americas still outnumbered Europeans on the North American continent.
answer
*a. True* b. False
question
The French depended on their Indian partners for any sort of success in the fur trade.
answer
*a. True* b. False
question
Besides trying to convert Pueblo Indians to Christianity, Franciscan priests in New Mexico used violence in an attempt to modify their social customs.
answer
*a. True* b. False
question
mercantilism
answer
The economic theory of __________ said that there was a finite amount of wealth, measured in gold and silver, in the world. National security therefore required each nation to amass as much wealth as possible at the expense of other nations. Colonies became a critical source of raw materials as well as markets for manufactured goods.
question
Nathaniel Bacon
answer
led an army of poor whites and poor blacks against the Virginia governor. They attacked Indian tribes on the frontier and sacked Jamestown. The rebellion ended when he died of dysentery.
question
Quakers
answer
were radical Christians who broke away from English Puritans. They were also called the "Society of Friends" and believed salvation was available to all and that each person had the "Light of Christ" inside of them.
question
the Glorious Revolution
answer
In 1688, __________ established that sovereignty lay not with the monarch but with Parliament and in political consensus, that English law had supremacy over the actions of the king, and that Parliament was independent of the monarchy.
question
Popé
answer
__________ was a Pueblo medicine man who organized a revolt against Spaniards in the Southwest in 1680 after being arrested for practicing sorcery. The Pueblo Revolt drove the Spanish from New Mexico.
question
Liberalism
answer
A body of political thought that traces its origins to John Locke and whose chief principles are consent, freedom of conscience, and property. Liberalism held that people could not be governed except by their own consent and that the purpose of government was to protect people as well as their property.
question
During the 1700s, the population of the colonies
answer
a. grew fastest among the slave population. b. grew only as fast as immigrants came to North America. *c. grew rapidly in all segments of colonial society.* d. stagnated because of continuing wars with France.
question
Much of the colonies' population growth was caused by
answer
a. the colonists' unquenchable need for laborers, both free and unfree. b. the colonists' payment for the passage for any immigrants to come to America. c. the colonists' promise of freedom of religion and self-government. *d. All of the above. *
question
The settlement pattern for both the Scotch-Irish and German immigrants was
answer
a. primarily along the Atlantic seaboard. b. primarily in the New England colonies. *c. primarily in the cheap land in the backcountry from Pennsylvania to Georgia.* d. primarily in the land that was formerly French.
question
The term "Middle Passage" describes
answer
a. a slave's journey from inland areas to African ports. *b. the voyage from African ports to the New World.* c. the journey from Caribbean auction houses to the final destination. d. the return voyage of the slave ship from the Caribbean back to Africa.
question
What set of factors shaped the economy of colonial America?
answer
a. An abundance of land, labor, and capital. b. A lack of land, labor, and capital. c. A lack of land and labor, but an abundance of capital. *d. A lack of labor and capital, but an abundance of land. *
question
An industrious revolution is a
answer
* a. change in the way people worked and organized their households to produce goods that could be sold, so that they could have the money to buy the things they wanted.* b. slow and steady increase in the demand for and purchase of consumer goods. c. capitalist system in which buyer and seller agree to a set price for a specific manufactured item or items. d. period of increased production due to men only working harder and longer than they had previously.
question
In what region of colonial America would you be more likely to find slaves organized into "work gangs"?
answer
a. South Carolina rice plantations. b. New England domestic servants. *c. Virginia tobacco plantations.* d. Pennsylvania wheat farms.
question
Under the original charter issued to James Oglethorpe, what was banned from Georgia?
answer
a. Weapons and rum. *b. Slaves and liquor.* c. Tobacco and fur trading. d. Prisons and women.
question
In what group of colonies would slaves most likely be able to retain more of their culture and language?
answer
a. New England. b. Middle. c. Chesapeake. *d. Lower South.*
question
The Enlightenment was a
answer
a. philosophical movement that claimed that experience more than anything else could provide answers to the problems of architecture and science. *b. transatlantic philosophical and intellectual movement that held that the universe could be understood and improved by the human mind.* c. belief that the supernatural explanations for phenomena could best be explained as the work of God. d. trans-Atlantic religious and social movement that held that all people were born sinners, that they knew this without a minister telling them, and that all people were equal in the sight of God.
question
What terms best describes those who were influenced by the Enlightenment?
answer
a. People who tended to be superstitious, mystical, and repressive. b. People who tended to be God-fearing, sinners, and religious. *c. People who tended to favor rational thinking that improved society.* d. People who believed that mathematics and science would reveal solutions to their problems.
question
Which of the following were not among the consequences of the Great Awakening?
answer
a. Religion in the colonies was strengthened. b. Religious denominations were factionalized. c. It created a division between the wealthy and educated colonists and the poor and undereducated. *d. New educational institutions, such as Columbia and William and Mary, were established. *
question
Preachers during the Great Awakening treated the slavery issue in which way?
answer
a. They called for the abolition of slavery. *b. It was immoral to enslave Africans, but not own them, and long as one treated them well.* c. They ignored the issue since it was too controversial. d. They called for the institution of slavery to exist in only a few southern colonies.
question
What lasting effect did the Great Awakening have on colonial society?
answer
a. It brought the slavery issue to the forefront. b. It caused a rift between northern and southern colonies. *c. It made each individual make personal choices about religion.* d. It united the colonies against the Anglican Church.
question
What characteristic did the Great Awakening and Enlightenment encourage?
answer
*a. Individualism.* b. Resistance to authoritarianism. c. Self-reliance. d. Economic and cultural diversity.
question
Most of the African immigrants to the English colonies settled in the Middle Colonies.
answer
a. True *b. False *
question
Among the slave population of the colonies, slave women bore enough children to naturally increase the slave population of the colonies.
answer
*a. True* b. False
question
Out of necessity, northern settlers had a more diversified economic base than southern settlers.
answer
*a. True* b. False
question
In general, the middle colonies exhibited the least amount of difference between the poorer and richer colonists.
answer
*a. True* b. False
question
New England's shipbuilding industry spurred economic development in related businesses.
answer
*a. True* b. False
question
During the eighteenth century, Americans began to differentiate those mannerisms that were genteel from those that were vulgar.
answer
*a. True* b. False
question
The Peter Zenger "freedom of the press" case established an immediate precedent for America in which government officials could be publicly criticized.
answer
a. True *b. False *
question
During colonial times, the most affluent urban area was the greater Boston region.
answer
a. True *b. False *
question
The Great Awakening had the effect of increasing church membership, especially in frontier regions of the colonies.
answer
* a. True* b. False
question
When George Whitefield and Gilbert Tennent criticized other established ministers of the time, they caused a rift in many of the congregations in the colonies.
answer
* a. True* b. False
question
Jonathan Edwards
answer
was a fiery minister who helped launch the First Great Awakening. His classic sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" reflected his belief in the emotional nature of the religious experience.
question
Consumer revolution
answer
was defined as an increased demand for consumer goods in the North American colonies during the eighteenth century that occurred as a result of greater wealth among the middling and upper sorts as well as a great supply of manufactured goods.
question
Industrious revolution
answer
_ was the result of white colonists who worked themselves (and their slaves) ever-harder in order to earn more money to purchase more consumer goods.
question
Linked economic development
answer
is an economic process where one industry, such as shipbuilding, helps spur the development of other industries, such as lumbering and sawmills.
question
The Great Awakening
answer
was a series of religious revivals that swept England and the North American colonies beginning in the 1730s. Although it appealed to people who held a wide variety of Protestant Christian beliefs, it central tenets included the belief that all people were born sinners, that ministers were unnecessary for salvation, and that all people were equal in the eyes of God.
question
Most of the increase in colonial population during the 1700s was due to
answer
a. African immigration. b. European immigration. c. longer life expectancy. *d. natural reproduction. *
question
The vast majority of European immigrants in the 18th century were
answer
a. German b. Italian c. Scots-Irish *d. English *
question
Most African slaves bound for the colonies
answer
* a. were traded by Africans to the Europeans.* b. were kidnapped by Europeans from African villages. c. were traded using Spanish middlemen. d. ended up in the northern colonies.
question
The voyage of slaves from African ports to the New World was called
answer
* a. the "Middle Passage."* b. the "Terrible Times." c. the "Middle Voyage" d. the Trail of Tears.
question
Which set of factors influenced the economy of colonial America?
answer
a. A combination of the abundance of land, labor, and capital. b. The absence of reliable labor, cheap capital, and the lack of land. c. An abundance of cheap capital but a lack of land and labor. *d. An abundance of land but a lack of labor and capital. *
question
Historians believe that increased production in this period came primarily from the
answer
a. labor of slaves and indentured servants. *b. labor of women and children.* c. labor of the increased number of children born to colonial families. d. labor of men.
question
Which colony could be said to have the most diverse economy—engaging in activities from shipbuilding to agriculture to lumbering?
answer
* a. Massachusetts.* b. Pennsylvania. c. Maryland. d. South Carolina.
question
By the eve of the Revolution, each city had
answer
a. an affluent elite, made up of merchants, professionals, and government officials. b. a class of indigent poor of widows and orphans and men who could not provide for themselves. c. a growing middle class. *d. All of the above. *
question
As a result of slave revolts in the early 1700s in America
answer
a. British colonies halted the importation of African slaves. b. all urban slaves were shipped to the rural South. *c. Colonies enacted stricter slave codes and punishments.* d. Indentured servants replaced slaves as the main source of labor
question
The Great Awakening was
answer
a. an American movement that claimed that experience more than anything else could provide answers to the problems of architecture and science. b. a trans-Atlantic philosophical and intellectual movement that held that the universe could be understood and improved by the human mind. c. a belief that the supernatural explanations for phenomena could best be explained as the work of God. *d. a trans-Atlantic religious and social movement that held that all people were born sinners, that they knew this without a minister telling them, and that all people were equal in the sight of God. *
question
The Great Awakening was so popular because
answer
a. it address the problem of emotionally unfulfilling relgion. b. it preached a message that rich and poor, male and female, free and unfree could benefit from. c. was a message that stressed equality in God's eyes. *d. All of the above. *
question
The greatest impact of the Great Awakening was on people who lived
answer
a. in New England colonies. b. in the lower South. c. among the elite classes. *d. in cities and on the frontier. *
question
How did preachers during the Great Awakening treat slavery?
answer
a. They were opposed to slavery in all forms. b. They called for the abolition of slavery. *c. It was immoral to enslave Africans, but not own them, and long as one treated them well.* d. They preached that slaves must follow the Biblical teaching that slaves obey their masters.
question
The Great Awakening affected colonial society in what way?
answer
a. It made colonists confront the morality of slavery. b. It united northern and southern colonies against England. c. It caused colonists to acknowledge the authority of the church over their daily lives. * d. It made each individual make personal choices about religion. *
question
The Great Awakening and the Enlightenment caused the colonists to be more
answer
a. self-reliant. b. economically and culturally diverse. *c. individualistic.* d. resistant to authority
question
The largest group of European immigrants of the 1700s was the Scotch-Irish.
answer
*a. True* b. False
question
Colonial women were likely to marry younger and bear more children than their European counterparts.
answer
* a. True* b. False
question
In Colonial America, Europeans had very clear-cut notions of what was men's work and what was women's work.
answer
* a. True* b. False
question
As was true with the rest of the colonies, most of the exports from New England were shipped to England.
answer
* a. True* b. False
question
b. False As was true with the rest of the colonies, most of the exports from New England were shipped to England.
answer
a. True *b. False *
question
Historians would classify consumers in colonial America during the eighteenth century as particularly frugal since they purchased only those goods that were vital to their survival.
answer
a. True *b. False *
question
During the eighteenth century many American towns became cities with rapidly expanding population
answer
* a. True* b. False
question
During the eighteenth century in America the number of urban poor began to increase.
answer
* a. True* b. False
question
The term "land pressure" referred to the relative overcrowding of available colonial farmland.
answer
* a. True* b. False
question
The Enlightenment was at odds with all current religious sects of the 1700s in the colonies.
answer
a. True *b. False *
question
James Oglethorpe
answer
was a prison reformer and founder of the Georgia colony. The initial charter banned slavery and the sale of alcohol. Those laws were soon overturned by settlers, who longed for the prosperity of neighboring colonies.
question
industrious revolution
answer
While England began its Industrial Revolution, British North America saw a/an __________, during which white Americans worked themselves (and their slaves) ever-harder in order to earn more money to purchase more consumer goods.
question
The Wealth of Nations
answer
Published in 1776, _______ argued for the prominence of free markets and free labor and maintained that increased wealth, and therefore the ability to purchase material goods, would encourage hard work
question
The Enlightenment
answer
was a philosophical movement growing out of the Renaissance that celebrated the power of human reason to know and understand the natural world. Especially important was the idea of human progress and improvement, and the search for knowledge—through experimentation and reasoning—that could improve the human condition.
question
George Whitefield
answer
is one of several men credited with launching the First Great Awakening in colonial America. He began a tour of the colonies in Philadelphia in 1739, speaking in every North American British colony. His message of repentance and his challenge to existing earthly authority drew crowds of thousands, ushering in a spiritual revival.
question
Consumer revolution
answer
A slow and steady increase over the course of the eighteenth century in the demand for, and purchase of, consumer goods. The consumer revolution of the eighteenth century was closely related to the Industrial Revolution.
question
Gentility
answer
A term without precise meaning that represented all that was polite, civilized, refined, and fashionable. It was everything that vulgarity was not. Because the term had no precise meaning, it was always subject to negotiation, striving, and anxiety as Americans, beginning in the eighteenth century, tried to show others that they were genteel through their manners, their appearance, and their styles of life.
question
Industrious revolution
answer
Beginning in the late seventeenth century in western Europe and extending to the North American colonies in the eighteenth century, a fundamental change in the way people worked, as they worked harder and organized their households to produce goods that could be sold, so they could have money to pay for the new consumer goods they wanted
question
Linked economic development
answer
A form of economic development that ties together a variety of enterprises so that development in one stimulates development in others, for example, those that provide raw materials, parts, or transportation.
question
Universalism
answer
Enlightenment belief that all people are by their nature essentially the same.
question
At the end of King George's War, France's position in North America was
answer
a. unchanged since the war had been a stalemate. b. greatly stronger since the French now controlled Louisbourg. *c. in decline since they were in not as good a position to trade with their Indian allies.* d. defeated, since they lost control of the St. Lawrence River
question
What was the geographic focal point for the outbreak of the French and Indian War?
answer
* a. The Ohio River Valley* b. The St. Lawrence Valley. c. Frontier regions of South Carolina and Georgia. d. Coastal New England.
question
Colonial cooperation with the British government during the French and Indian War could best be described by which of the following?
answer
a. All parties were entirely cooperative. b. The colonies were willing to lend monetary support, but not troops. *c. The colonies were reluctant to send troops or money.* d. The colonies were willing to send troops, but not money.
question
Among concessions France made to Great Britain in the Treaty of Paris 1763 was the
answer
a. cession of all her claims to Canada. b. cession of all French claims to land in the Ohio River Valley. c. cession of New Orleans and all claims west of the Mississippi River to Spain. *d. All of the above. *
question
At the end of the French and Indian War, Britain tried to
answer
v a. capture more territory from the French b. draw the North American colonies more closely to the imperial system *c. Give the colonies increased self-governance in return for increased taxes* d. move westward against France's Indian allies
question
Together the Currency Act and the Sugar Acts of 1764 were intended to
answer
* a. make the colonies at least partially responsible for the expense of administering the colonies.* b. raise enough money to offset the British debt. c. eliminate foreign competition from colonial shores. d. be the first direct taxes on the colonies.
question
Of the following pieces of British legislation, which one caused the most public outrage?
answer
a. Sugar Act. b. Currency Act. * c. Stamp Act.* d. Quartering Act
question
Constitutionalism is comprised of which of the following?
answer
a. The rule of law. b. The principle of consent. c. That one could not be subjected to laws or taxation except by elected representatives. *d. All of the above. *
question
Colonial protests to the Stamp Act included all of the following except for
answer
a. mob action in Boston. *b. execution of Massachusetts Governor Hutchinson.* c. Stamp Act Congress in New York. d. nonimportation agreements against British exports to the colonies
question
The Townshend Duties were meant as an
answer
* a. external, not an internal tax.* b. internal, not an external tax c. way to let the colonies tax themselves d. way to coerce colonies into compliance
question
Republicanism is a set of doctrines or beliefs that hold that
answer
a. people tend to be naturally morally weak and exceptional effort was required to protect liberty and virtue. b. power tends to expand itself at the expense of the people. c. power is always dangerous. *d. All of the above. *
question
According to republican thought, the greatest threat to virtue was
answer
a. tyranny. *b. luxury.* c. laziness. d. constitutionalism.
question
The Boston Massacre was most directly related to
answer
a. the dumping of tea in Boston Harbor. b. civilian protests against the Townshend Duties. *c. increased military presence in the city of Boston.* d. fines levied against John Hancock for illegal shipping.
question
Tea was dumped in Boston in protest against
answer
a. increased taxes on tea. b. the lingering Townshend Duty on tea. c. cheap Dutch tea that was being imported. *d. cheap English tea that would be sold directly to consumers. *
question
During the First Continental Congress of 1774, the delegates agreed to
answer
a. a wartime strategy against England. b. try to reconcile their differences with the King. *c. put economic pressure on England with a series of boycotts.* d. dump any tea that appeared on America's shores.
question
France and England were at war with one another more than half of the time between 1689 and 1763.
answer
* a. True* b. False
question
The War of Jenkin's Ear and King George's War involved numbers of European nations struggling to take a portion of their opponents' empire.
answer
* a. True* b. False
question
George Washington led a group of Virginians to the Ohio River Valley in 1754 to lay claim to the region for England.
answer
* a. True* b. False
question
Unlike British soldiers, colonial forces were civilians who believed their service was strictly defined and that if the terms of their service were changed, they were free to go home.
answer
* a. True* b. False
question
Following the French and Indian War, Spanish Florida was transferred to the French.
answer
a. True *b. False*
question
An decision unpopular with many colonists was Britain's intention to maintain a large peacetime army after the French and Indian War.
answer
* a. True* b. False
question
Constitutionalism is made up of two principles: consent and rule of law.
answer
* a. True* b. False
question
Massachusetts led the way in protesting the Stamp Act with a series of mob actions against prominent British officials in Boston.
answer
* a. True* b. False
question
Protests in the colonies of the Townshend Duties included citizens of differing social status and both males and females.
answer
* a. True* b. False
question
The Stamp Act Protests directly caused the Boston Massacre of 1770.
answer
a. True *b. False *
question
Albany Plan of Union
answer
The __________ was Benjamin Franklin's plan to help coordinate the defense of the colonies against the Iroquois Nations. The characteristic localism of the American colonies made cooperation difficult, if not impossible, and the plan was rejected.
question
Thomas Hutchinson
answer
was the governor of Massachusetts, who wanted to tie Massachusetts more tightly to the expanding and powerful British empire. He advocated a consolidation of power, a diminution of popular government (e.g., by reducing the power of the town meeting), making offices that were elective appointive instead, and limiting the freedom of the press.
question
Proclamation of 1763
answer
The __________ was an attempt by the British to confine colonists to the east of an imaginary line running down the spine of the Alleghenies in order to keep peace with the Indians.
question
Republicanism
answer
__________ was a set of doctrines rooted in the Renaissance that held that power is always dangerous. Therefore, citizens had to be economically independent in order to resist corruption
question
George Washington
answer
__________ was a wealthy Virginian who, at 21 years old, was appointed to lead the British expedition against the French to claim land in the Ohio Valley. Although he scored an early victory over a French reconnaissance party, the French and Indian troops quickly routed his forces.
question
France's position in North America at the end of King George's War was
answer
a. the same as before the war since the war had been a stalemate. b. stronger because the French controlled Montreal. *c. in decline because their trade relations with the Indians was now weak.* d. defeated, since they lost control of the St. Lawrence River.
question
Frontier fighting during the colonial wars included all of the following except for
answer
a. the erection of forts on the frontier. *b. large masses of regular troops fighting in open field battles.* c. frontier settlers being taken captive by Indian raids. d. armies living off the land as they moved.
question
The British regular army considered the colonial soldiers to be
answer
a. exceedingly brave but undisciplined. b. equals in a common cause. c. best used as scouts to lead the regular army. *d. cowardly and unreliable. *
question
As part of the Treaty of Paris (1763), what was France allowed to retain?
answer
a. The St. Lawrence River Valley. b. French territory west of the Mississippi. c. The Ohio River Valley. *d. Two small islands off New Foundland and some islands in the Caribbean. *
question
At the end of the French and Indian War, Britain tried to
answer
a. move against additional French Territory b. draw the North American colonies more closely to the imperial system *c. Trade the colonies increased self-governance in return for increased taxes* d. Expand westward against France's Indian allies
question
Under Prime Minister Grenville, Parliament tried to make the colonies pay for some of the cost of the French and Indian War and their future upkeep by passing which pieces of legislation?
answer
a. Currency Act and the Sugar Acts of 1764. b. Molasses Act. c. Stamp Act of 1765 and the Quartering Act of 1765. *d. All of the above. *
question
Which of the following professions was affected most by the Stamp Act?
answer
a. Merchants. b. Farmers. c. Fishermen. *d. Lawyers. *
question
The colonists debated whether particular pieces of legislation passed by Parliament violated the principle of
answer
a. republicanism. *b. constitutionalism.* c. virtual representation. d. All of the above.
question
The Virginia Resolves was made up of four resolutions protesting the
answer
a. Quartering Act. b. Sugar Act. *c. Stamp Act.* d. Declaratory Act.
question
Charles Townshend believed the colonists would accept
answer
a. internal taxes. *b. external taxes.* c. taxes passed by Parliament. d. no taxes.
question
The rule of law and the principle of consent are two aspects of
answer
a. tyranny. b. luxury. c. laziness. *d. constitutionalism. *
question
According to republican thought, the greatest threat to virtue was
answer
a. virtual representation. b. luxury. c. republicanism. *d. constitutionalism. *
question
The Boston Massacre resulted in
answer
a. increased civilian protests against the Townshend Duties. b. a decrease in the military presence in the city of Boston. *c. a three-year period of peace.* d. an expansion of the conditions covered by the Quartering Act.
question
The Tea Act can best be understood as
answer
a. an attempt to coerce colonists into accepting British rule *b. an attempted solution to a number of British economic and political problems* c. the main cause of the Boston Massacre d. None of the above.
question
At the conclusion of the First Continental Congress of 1774, the delegates
answer
a. agreed to put economic pressure on England with a series of boycotts. b. got to know one another personally. c. laid the foundation for the first national government. *d. All of the above. *
question
Both England and France used their Indian allies to do much of the fighting for them during their conflicts.
answer
*a. True* b. False
question
One of the differences between warfare in Europe and in North America in the eighteenth century was that civilians were more likely to be the victims of war in North America.
answer
*a. True* b. False
question
Male European captives of Indian raids were more likely to choose to remain in captivity than were female captives.
answer
a. True *b. False *
question
The massacre at Fort William Henry at Lake George in 1757 led to increased savagery in the French and Indian War.
answer
*a. True* b. False
question
Following the French and Indian War, Britain found itself burdened with substantial colonial debts.
answer
*a. True* b. False
question
Consent and rule of law were two principles to which colonists believed governments ought to adhere.
answer
*a. True* b. False
question
The concept of "virtual" representation in Parliament was a key element in England's assertion of its right to tax and regulate the colonies.
answer
*a. True* b. False
question
Unlike the Stamp Act, which was an external tax, the Townshend Duties were internal taxes on the colonies.
answer
a. True *b. False *
question
The Boston Massacre of 1770 was a direct result of the Stamp Act protests.
answer
a. True *b. False *
question
The purpose of the First Continental Congress held in 1774 in Philadelphia was to agree upon a wartime strategy against England.
answer
a. True *b. False *
question
The Miamis
answer
__________were a band of Indians who stood to gain an advantage over their rivals at the end of the French and Indian War.
question
William Pitt
answer
__________ rose to the position of leader of the House of Commons during the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War). He was the first British leader who was as committed to a victory in the Americas as in Europe, believing that the future of the British Empire lay in the extended empire and its trade, and shifted Britain's aim in North America from simply regaining territory to seizing New France itself.
question
Pontiac's Rebellion
answer
__________is the war that began in 1763 when the British abandoned the policy of the middle ground and cut off presents to the western Indians. In their uprising, the Indians destroyed nine British forts and attacked another four before the war ended in a draw.
question
Sam Adams
answer
__________was a Bostonian son of a brewer and one of the most effective organizers of political resistance to British policies in the prewar era. He helped foment opposition to the Stamp Act.
question
Constitutionalism
answer
__________ is a British theory of government focusing on the rule of law and the principle of consent, in which one could not be subjected to laws or taxation except by duly elected representatives.
question
Consent
answer
One of the key principles of liberalism, which held that people could not be subject to laws to which they had not given their consent. This principle is reflected in both the Declaration of Independence and the preamble to the Constitution, which begins with the famous words "We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union."
question
Constitutionalism
answer
A loose body of thought that developed in Britain and was used by the colonists to justify the Revolution by claiming that it was in accord with the principles of the British Constitution. Constitutionalism had two main elements: the rule of law and the other the principle of consent, or that one cannot be subject to laws or taxation except by duly elected representatives. Both were rights won through struggle with the monarch. Constitutionalism also refers to the tendency in American politics, to transpose all political questions into constitutional ones.
question
Republicanism
answer
A set of doctrines rooted in classical antiquity that held that power is always grasping and dangerous and presents a threat to liberty. Republicanism explained how a balanced constitution could be transformed into a tyranny as men used their power to encroach on the liberty of citizens. Republicanism also held that people achieved fulfillment only through participation in public life, as citizens in a republic. Republicanism required the individual to display virtue by sacrificing his or her private interest for the good of the republic.
question
Political virtue
answer
In the political thought of the early republic, the personal qualities required in citizens if the republic was to survive.
question
Virtual representation
answer
British doctrine that said that all Britons, even those who did not vote, were represented by Parliament, if not "actually," by representatives they had chosen, then "virtually," because each member of parliament was supposed to act on behalf of the entire realm, not only his constituents or even those who had voted for him.
