question

therapy

answer

a general term for any treatment process, in psychology and psychiatry, therapy refers to a variety of psychological and biomedical techniques aimed at dealing with mental disorders or coping with problems of living ex. behavioral therapy, psychoanalysis, humanistic therapies

question

Psychological therapies

answer

therapies based on psychological principles (rather than on the biomedical approach); often called "psychotherapy" ex. insight therapy and behavior therapy

question

Biomedical therapies

answer

treatments that focus on altering the brain, especially with drugs, psychosurgery, or electroconvulsive therapy ex. electromagnetic stimulation of the brain or even surgery

question

Insight therapies

answer

Psychotherapies in which the therapist helps patients/clients understand (gain insight into) their problems ex. psychoanalysis, neo-Freudian psychodynamic therapies, humanistic therapies, cognitive therapies, group therapies

question

Talk therapies

answer

Psychotherapies that focus on communicating and verbalizing emotion and motives to understand their problems ex. a patient sitting on a couch just venting about his problems and talking to his therapist

question

Psychoanalysis

answer

The form of psychodynamic therapy developed by Sigmund Freud. The goal of psychoanalysis is to release conflicts and memories from the unconscious ex. dream interpretation and free association

question

Analysis of transference

answer

The Freudian technique of analyzing and interpreting the patient's relationship with the therapist, based on the assumption, that this relationship mirrors unresolved conflicts in the patient's past ex.a girl with OCD and anxious parents has issues in that relationship and mirrors those problems with her therapist

question

Neo-Freudian psychodynamic theories

answer

Therapies for mental disorder that were developed by psychodynamic theorists who embraced some of Freud's ideas but disagreed with others ex. theories of people like Carl Jung that emphasize the ego rather than the id

question

Humanistic therapies

answer

treatment techniques based on the assumption that people have a tendency for positive growth and self-actualization, which may be blocked by an unhealthy environment that can include negative self-evaluation and criticism from others ex. these therapists would explore their patients' self-concept and feelings about her parents

question

Client-centered therapy

answer

a humanistic approach to treatment developed by Carl Rogers, emphasizing an individual's tendency for healthy psychological growth through self-actualization ex. creates a nurturing environment for clients

question

Reflection of feeling

answer

Carl Rogers's technique of paraphrasing the clients' words, attempting to capture the emotional tone expressed ex. helps clients see themselves by being a mirror so client can discover their own problem

question

cognitive therapy

answer

Emphasizes rational thinking (as opposed to subjective emotion, motivation, or repressed conflicts) as the key to treating mental disorder ex. Aaron Beck's cognitive theory for depression

question

group therapy

answer

any form of psychotherapy done with more than one client/patient at a time. Group therapy is often done from a humanistic perspective ex. can meet on the internet or in person at least once a week

question

self-help support groups

answer

groups, such as Alcoholics Anonymous, that provide social support and an opportunity for sharing ideas about dealing with common problems. Such groups are typically organized and run by laypersons, rather than professional therapists ex. Teen Recovery Group

question

behavior modification

answer

another term for behavior therapy ex. Mary Cover Jones and Peter getting rid of his fear of rabbits

question

behavior therapy

answer

Any form of psychotherapy based on the principles of behavioral learning, especially operant conditioning and classical conditioning ex. token economy, systematic desensitization

question

systematic desensitization

answer

A behavioral therapy technique in which anxiety is extinguished by exposing the patient to an anxiety-provoking stimulus ex. getting rid of a fear of public speaking by slowly getting comfortable with related scenarios

question

exposure therapy

answer

a form of desensitization therapy in which the patient directly confronts the anxiety-provoking stimulus (as opposed to imagining the stimulus) ex. a person with a fear of snakes will actually confront one

question

aversion therapy

answer

as a classical conditioning procedure, aversive counter-conditioning involves presenting individuals with an attractive stimulus paired with unpleasant (aversive) stimulation in order to condition revulsion Ex. Combat drug addition, certain sexual attractions, or tendencies to violence by administering electric shocks

question

contingency management

answer

an operant conditioning approach to changing behavior by altering the consequences, especially rewards and punishments, of behavior ex. rather than give in to a child's tantrums, withdraw attention and instead reward good behavior more

question

token economy

answer

an operant technique applied to groups, such as classrooms or mental hospital wards, involving the distribution of "tokens" or other indicators of reinforcement contingent on desired behaviors. The tokens can later be exchanged for privileges, food, or other reinforcers ex. commonly used in classrooms or institutions for good behavior such as participating in class and then redeeming tokens later for perks

question

participant modeling

answer

a social-learning technique in which a therapist demonstrates and encourages a client to imitate a desired behavior ex. Coach Mike uses Mich'lae as an example of running basketball drills because she executes them well

question

cognitive-behavioral therapy

answer

a newer form of psychotherapy that combines the techniques of cognitive therapy with those of behavior therapy ex. an addicted smoker might automatically tell himself, "one more cigarette won't hurt me" and this therapy will teach him to think less irrationally

question

rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

answer

Albert Ellis' brand of cognitive therapy, based on the idea that irrational thoughts and behaviors are the cause of mental disorders ex. therapist teaches clients to recognize unrealistic assumptions, question their rationality, and replace them with more valid ideas

question

active listener

answer

a person who gives the speaker feedback in such forms as nodding, paraphrasing, maintaining an expression that shows interest, and asking questions for clarification ex. an active listener is a person you want to vent to

question

psychopharmacology

answer

the prescribed use of drugs to help treat symptoms of mental illness ostensibly to ensure that individual are more receptive to talk therapies ex. antipsychotic drugs, antidepressants and mood stabilizers, antianxiety drugs, stimulants

question

antipsychotic drugs

answer

medicines that diminish psychotic symptoms, usually by their effect on pathways in the brain ex. treats symptoms like hallucination, delusions, social withdrawal

question

tardive dyskinesia

answer

an incurable disorder of motor control, especially involving muscles of the face and head, resulting from long-term use of antipsychotic drugs ex. similar to Tourette's syndrome but caused by antipsychotic drugs

question

antidepressant drugs

answer

medicines that affect depression, usually by their effect on the serotonin and/or norepinephrine pathways in the brain ex. SSRIs keep serotonin available in synapse longer

question

lithium carbonate

answer

a simple chemical compound that is highly effective in dampening the extreme mood swings of bipolar disorder ex.affects both ends of emotional spectrum (depression --> hysteria)

question

antianxiety drugs

answer

a category of drugs that includes the barbiturates and benzodiazepines, drugs that diminish feelings of anxiety ex. Valium and Xanax

question

stimulants

answer

drugs that normally increase activity level by encouraging communication among neurons in the brain. Stimulants, however, have been found to suppress activity level in persons with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Ex. Ritalin

question

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

answer

a common problem in children who have difficulty controlling their behavior and focusing their attention ex. students who are fidgety

question

psychosurgery

answer

the general term for surgical intervention in the brain to treat psychological disorders ex. prefrontal lobotomy

question

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

answer

a treatment used primarily for depression and involving the application of an electric current to the head, producing a generalized seizure. Sometimes called "shock treatment" ex. Robert Nash was given shock treatment for his schizophrenia

question

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

answer

A treatment that involves magnetic stimulation of specific regions of the brain. Unlike ECT, TMS does not produce a seizure. ex. treatment tool for various neurological and psychiatric disorders including migraines, strokes, Parkinson's disease, depression

question

therapeutic community

answer

Jones's term for a program of treating mental disorder by making the institutional environment supportive and humane for patients. ex. HMP Grendon Underwood helps offenders within the prison system

question

deinstitutionalization

answer

the policy of removing patients, whenever possible, from mental hospitals ex. A schizophrenic woman lived in her state's mental hospital for all of her adult life when it was shut down. She was placed in a group home and goes to a community center daily to receive her medication.

question

community mental health movement

answer

an effort to deinstitutionalize mental patients and to provide therapy from outpatient clinics. Proponents of community mental health envisioned that recovering patients could live with their families, In foster homes, or in group homes. ex. recovering patients are not monitored in these situations

Unit 13: Therapies for Psychological Disorders – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards