Unit 1 U.S. History – Flashcards
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anarchy
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absence of any system of government in a society
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anthropomorphic
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human form and behavior attributed to deities in mythology
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anvil
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a piece of iron on which heated metal is beaten into shapes
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aristocracy
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people of the highest social class or nobility
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cataract
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a series of rapids and waterfalls on a river
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collective learning
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the ability to learn and transfer knowledge to others
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confederacy
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an alliance of people or states
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consonant
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a speech sound other than a vowel
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covenant
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a solemn agreement between two or more parties
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crucifixion
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a form of execution where the victim is bound or nailed to a cross
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cynicism
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a philosophy that doubts the attitude, beliefs, or character of others
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democracy
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form of government allowing every citizen to participate
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despot
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a tyrant or ruler with absolute powers
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diaspora
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the scattering of a people from their homeland
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doctrine
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ideas that are taught as truth in a religion
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dynasty
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a succession of rulers from the same family
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gospel
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the teachings of Jesus Christ and the story of his life
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heretic
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someone who has beliefs that contradict a religion's doctrine
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hierarchical
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the formally ranked order of a group
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hubris
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excessive arrogance or ambition that leads to the downfall of a hero
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imperator
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a victorious military commander during the Roman Republic
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imperium
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use power of the state to enforce the law
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inductive reasoning
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reaching conclusions based on observation
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indigenous
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people groups that are native to a region
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judiciary
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the branch of government that administers justice
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logographic
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a system of writing in which signs or characters represent meanings, such as modern Chinese
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mercenaries
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professional soldiers paid to fight for a country other than their own
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Messiah
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someone regarded as a savior or liberator of a people
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metallurgy
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the study of metals and the process for refining and making things from them
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metaphysical
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the philosophical study of the nature of being and beings
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monasticism
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way of life where a person withdraws from society to devote self to prayer and solitude
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monotheistic
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a belief in one god controlling the universe
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mythology
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stories which are not necessarily true about ancestors, heroes, and gods
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oligarchy
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a small group of people who together governs a nation
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patrician
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a member of an aristocratic family in Rome
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philosophy
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a particular system of thought or doctrine
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plebeian
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one of the ordinary citizens of Rome
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polytheistic
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a belief that many gods control the universe
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protectorate
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a region controlled and defended by a more powerful state
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ratify
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to give formal approval to an agreement
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religion
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beliefs concerning the existence, nature, and worship of a deity or deities
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revenue
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money that comes into a business from the sale of goods or services
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satrap
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a Persian provincial governor
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savannah
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large flat grassland located in a tropical or subtropical region
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skepticism
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philosophy that believes true knowledge is not possible
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smelting
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to melt ore in order to get metal from it
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Socratic Method
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a means of arriving at truth by questioning, obtaining answers, and criticizing the answers
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sophistry
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method of argumentation that seems clever but is flawed or dishonest
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steppe
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a vast, semi-arid, usually grassy plain
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syncretism
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philosophy that attempts to combine different systems of beliefs or practices
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trinity
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the union of three persons in Christianity, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit
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triumvirate
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a group of three people who jointly share authority or power
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Torah
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the primary holy book of Judaism
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tyranny
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exercising power with cruelty and injustice
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tyrant
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a person who exercises power with cruelty and injustice
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utopia
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an ideal or perfect place where everyone lives in harmony
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vassal
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someone who shows loyalty to another in return for being allowed to occupy land
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virtue
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the state of being moral, good, or righteous
