Unit 1 Lecture – Flashcards

Disease-causing microorganisms are called

The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called

The microorganisms that do not have a nucleus in their cells are called

When humans manipulate that genes of microorganisms the process is called

Which of the following is not considered a microorganism?

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that

Which activity is an example of biotechnology?

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms?

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was

Pasteur used swan-neck flasks in his experiments to prove that

Which of the following is not a process in the scientific method?

a. belief in a preconceived idea

b. formulate a hypothesis

c. systematic observation

d. laboratory experimentation

e. development of a theory

Spontaneous generation is the belief that

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that

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Which of the following is a taxon that contains all the other taxa listed?

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a. species

b. phylum

c. kingdom

d. genus

e. family

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Which of the following is a scientific name?

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Taxonomy does not involve

The smallest and most significant taxon is

The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on

A scientist discovers a new microbial species.  It is a single-celled eucaryote without cell walls.  In which kingdom will it likely be classified?

A scientist collects grass clippings to find the source of an outbreak of tularemia is an example of working in the field of

Helminths are

All of the following pertain to photosynthesis except 

Organisms called parasites are

The surgeon who advocated using disinfectants on hands and in the air prior to surgery was

Which scientist showed that anthrax was caused by the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis?

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy (left to right)

When assigning a scientific name to an organism

The scientist/s that proposed organisms be assigned to one of  domains is/are

In Whittaker's system, the protozoa and algae are classified in the kingdom

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Which kingdom does not contain any eukaryotes?

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Which of the following are the main decomposers of the earth?

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The most common infectious cause of death worldwide is

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Which of the following diseases is transmitted by mosquitoes?

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All of the following are correct about prokaryotes except

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All of the following contribute to the rise of emerging diseases except

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Which scientist discovered heat resistant bacterial spores?

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Which of the following is the correct way to write the scientific name of this bacterium?

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Where are you most likely to find bacteria belonging to the domain Archaea?

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When microbes are introduced into the environment to restore stability, the process is called

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Which of the following diseases probably involves microbial infection?

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a. gastric ulcers

b. female infertility

c. coronary artery disease

d. cervical cancer

e. all of the choices are correct

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Members of the same species share many more characteristics compared to those shared by members of the same kingdom.

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Viruses are not classified in any of Whittaker's 5 kingdoms.

Members of the kingdom Fungi are photosynthetic.

A scientist studying helminths is working with bacteria.

The fossil record has established that prokaryotes existed on earth for approximately 2 billion years before eukaryotes appeared.

It has been over 25 years since a new infectious disease has emerged in the world.

The term sterile means free of all life forms.

All microorganisms are parasites.

During a scientific experiment, the control group is used to directly test or measure the consequences of a variable in the study.

The scientific method involves formulating a tentative explanation, called the hypothesis, to account for what has been observed or measured.

Once an organism is assigned to a particular taxonomic hierarchy, it is permanent and cannot be revised.

A hypothesis must be tested before it can be considered a theory.

The names of the three proposed Domains are:  Bacteria, Protista, Eukarya

One distinguishing characteristic of the archaebacteria is that they live in extreme environments.

His experimentation led to the explanation of heat-stabile and heat-labile organisms and the discovery of endospores.

Who established the criteria for identifying which specific organism caused a specific disease?

Which group of organisms is studied in the field of microbiology?

a. Monera

b. Protista

c. Helminths

d. Fungi

e. All of the above are studied

This is present in eukaryotic but not in prokaryotic cells

Which of the following is not true of eukaryotic cells?

A common bacterial agent of sore throats is Streptococcus pyongenes; the genus name is

Pasteur and Tyndall experiments proved

The level or organization that includes viruses

The level of organization that could be appropriately exemplified by Bacillus subtilis

Discovered penicillin, which was the first antibiotic, in 1929.

Genetic changes that were not present in the parent but enables survival of the offspring best describes

Multicellular parasites that have a complex life cycle and may cause diseases in man

Dutch spectacle makers who are credited with the discovery of the first compound microscope, about 1590.

Prokaryotic cell division occurs via

The type of cell that has a pronounced absence of membrane bound organelles

Of the following, which is not true of viruses?

a. posses a protein coat

b. may direct its own replication through the use of the host cell's mechanisms

c. may infect bacteria

d. contains a molecule of DNA or RNA

e. all of the above are true

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Prokaryotic cells may best be described as

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In which level of organization would viruses exist?

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The necessity for elaborate sterilization procedures in hospitals and canneries is due to

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Which of Koch's postulates states that a particular microbe should be present in every case of that disease?

Which domain includes eukaryotic cells?

The following are parts of the scientific method except:

Abiogenesis was finally disproved by the work of:

A clear association between contamination and infection from maternity wards with regards to child birth fever was demonstrated by:

Protozoa belong to the Kingdom

The agent which causes AIDS is a

A minute, highly durable body which develops in some bacteria that is very resistant to the environment

This is the study of the systems for disease resistance

This is the process of an organism coping with its environment

This is the disproven idea that life arose from nonliving matter

Who was the virologist that developed the first polio vaccine?

What is number 2 of Koch's Postulates?

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The smallest taxonomic group in the taxonomic classification scheme is

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Although impossible to prove, when using the scientific method, ______ is a scientific theme that attempts to explain biological observed data or information.; This is step 2 in the scientific method.

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In which level of organization do bacteria exist?

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dealt final defeat to theory of abiogenesis: Louis Pasteur

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Discovered cells under a microscope: Robert Hooke

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Used a recombinant DNA technique to place plant and animal genes in the bacteria E. coli: Stanley Cohen

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Discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin: Alexander Fleming

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Linked mosquitoes to the spread of Yellow Fever: Walter Reed

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Built the earliest known compund microscope: Janssesns

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One of the first in the first to use antiseptics in surgery: Joseph Lister

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Developed and used four postulates which were used in sequence to prove that a certain microorganism caused a certain disease: Robert Koch

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Crystalized and studied the tobacco mosaic virus:;Wendell Stanley

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Discovered the causative agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: Howard Ricketts

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Discovered heat stability is linked to the presence of endospores: John Tyndall

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Developed the rabies vaccine and the anthrax vaccine for sheep: Louis Pasteur

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Devised a model of the structure of DNA: Watson ; Crick

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Developed the first oral polio vaccine: Albert Sabin

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Developed recombinant techniques and developed the field of modern molecular genetics: Frederick Griffith

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Developed the vaccine for small pox: Edward Jenner

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Helped disprove the theory of spontaneous generation with his famous meat experiment: Francesco Redi

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Discovered the causative agent of anthrax: Robert Koch

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Developed the handwashing technique: Ignaz Semmelweis

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He is sometimes called the "Father of Bacteriology and Protozoology.": Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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Cloned the first DNA using plasmids: Stanley Cohen