Unit 1-ISCI – Flashcards
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The process of comparing a property of an object to a well-defined and agreed upon referent is called the process of...?
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measurement
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Measurement information that is used to describe something is called..?
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data
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What is the property of volume a measure of?
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How much space an object occupies.
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What happens to the surface area to volume ratio when the volume of a cube becomes larger?
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it decreases
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What is a concept?
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a general mental image of an object
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what are the two components of a measurement statement?
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numerical value and unit
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What is the metric standard for length?
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Meter
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What is the metric standard for time?
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second
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What is the metric standard for mass?
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kilogram
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data
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information used to describe an object
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volume
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the amount of space an object takes up
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area
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the amount of surface space on the side of a shape
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density
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ratio of mass per unit of volume; aka compacted area of an object
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directly proportional
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when two ratios increase/decrease at the same speed
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inversely proportional
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when one ratio changes when the other stays the same or changes the opposite way
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manipulated variable
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part of experiment which is controlled; aka independent variable
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responding variable
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variable that changes; dependent variable
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variable
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changing part of the experiment
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What is the main term that defines biological from physical systems?
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Homeostasis
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What is Homeostasis?
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a steady state
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OHEC?
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Observation, hypothesis, experimentation, conclusion
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What are 3 examples of what models can be?
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physical, mental, or equation
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What are two methods of the scientific method?
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inductive and deductive reasoning
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What is a hypothesis?
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educated guess
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What is a theory?
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It has been tested and has worked, but may not work every time
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What is a law?
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an occurrence that happens between a relationship
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Which law/hypothesis/theory happens more in biological systems?
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Laws
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What is a paradigm?
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Model that represents current beliefs of most scientists, but is subject to change.
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What are scientific theories?
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theories that have lasted through history and result in same data
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What is applied research?
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Solving practical problems
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What is Basic research?
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research that is just to research. not necessary.
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What 3 things is science based on?
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causality, uniformity of time and space, and common human perception
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What 3 aspects go along with common human perception?
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observation, value judgement, inference
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What must causality be?
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Dealing with living/non-living natural world
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What are observations?
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Perceived the same by everyone, using 5 senses, and measurements
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What is value judgement?
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opinions, adjectives
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Inferences
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assumptions from observations
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What are conceptual models?
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models used to build imagery, metaphor, and analogy
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physical models
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non-living and operate under a theory
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biological models
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living system
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what are 3 things systems have?
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inputs, outputs, and control switches
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What is the equilibrium?
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The state of balance that is often in physical systems
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What is a concept?
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generalized idea of something
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what are properties?
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characteristics
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What is a referent?
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referring to another object
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What is measurement
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comparing properties to an agreed upon referent
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What is the measurement process?
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Compare unit, follow procedure to measure, count units
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What are two things needed in every measurement?
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Value and number
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What are the fundamental properties?
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length, mass, time, and charge
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What is mass?
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Measure of inertia on an object
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What is weight?
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measure of force of gravity
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what is data?
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information used to describe something
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what is volume?
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how much space is being occupied
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what is area?
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the extent of a surface
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What happens to the surface area to volume ratio when a cube becomes larger?
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it decreases
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What does density equal?
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mass/volume
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What are equations used for?
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describe a property, define a concept, and describe how quantities change relative to each other
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what are variables?
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changing quantities
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What is direct proportion?
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variables decrease or increase at same rate
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What is inverse proportion?
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variables change at different rates
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What is a proportionality statement?
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how things change together
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3 reasons for scientific method
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collect observations, develop explanations, test explanations
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what is a controlled expirement
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has all same factors but one manipulated variable
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What is a model a description of?
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a theory that accounts for all known properties
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what is a conjecture?
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has no real evidence
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what is a theory?
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a broad hypothesis in progress, tells why something happens
