Understanding business -chapter 9 – Flashcards
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PERT:Which is a step used in PERT?
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1. Analyzing and sequencing tasks. 2. Estimating time for tasks. 3. Drying a network illustrating 1 and 2. 4. Identifying the critical path.
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PERT (program evaluation and review technique)
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A method for analyzing the tasks involved in completing a given project, estimating the time needed to complete each task, and identifying the minimum 20 needed to complete the total project.
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Critical path (pert)
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In a PERT network, the sequence of tests that takes the longest time to complete.
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Gantt Chart - developed by Henry L. Gantt
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Bar graph showing production managers what projects are being worked on and what stage they are in any given time
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Statistical quality control (SQC)
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When a manager continually monitors all phases of the production process to assure quality is being built into the product from the start.
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Six sigma quality
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A quality measure that allows only 3.4 defects per million opportunities
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Statistical process control (SPC)
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The process of testing for testicle samples of product components at each stage of the production process and plotting those results on a graph. Any variances from quality standards are recognized and can be corrected if beyond the set standards.
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Process layout
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The process layout is used in production when similar equipment and functions are grouped together.
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Materials requirement planning (MRP)
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A computer-based operations management system that uses sales forecast to make sure that needed parts and materials are available at the right time and place.
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Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
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A newer version of materials requirement planning (MRP) that combines the computerize functions of all the division and subsidiaries of the firm such as finance, human resources, and order from fulfillment -- into A single integrated software program that uses a single database.
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Process manufacturing
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That part of the production process that physically or chemically changes materials
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Assembly process
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That part of the production process that puts together components
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Continuous process
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A production process in which long production runs turnout finished goods overtime.
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Intermittent process
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The process exemplified when production runs are short and machines are change frequently to make different products.
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ISO 9000
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Common name given to quality management and assurance standards. A company should determine what customers needs are, including regulatory and legal requirements, and make communication arrangements to handle issues such as complaints.
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ISO 14000
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A collection of best practices for managing an organization of impact on the environment.
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Facility location
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The process of selecting a geographic location for a company's operations. Quality-of-life issues that should be considered our schools, crime, and climate.
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CAD - Computer aided design
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A system that allows designers to work in three dimensions and uses computers to design products.
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CAM-Computer aided manufacturing
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The use of computers in manufacturing of products
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CID- Computer integrated manufacturing
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The uniting of computer aided design with computer aided manufacturing. Computer aided design can "speak" to computer aided manufacturing
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Flexible manufacturing
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Designing machines to do multiple tasks so they can produce a variety of products.
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Production
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The creation of goods and services
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Operations management
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A specialized area in management that converts or transforms resources (including human resources) into good services
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Telecommuting
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Working from home using information-technology such as computer and modem.
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Facility layout
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The physical arrangement of resources (including people) in the production process.
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Production process
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Consists of taking the factors of production (land, ect.) and using those inputs to produce goods, services, and ideas. Planning, routing, scheduling, and other activities are the means to accomplish the objective--output.
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Form utility
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The value producers add to materials in the creation of finished goods and services.
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Operations managers - duties
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Must ensure products are manufactured and delivered on time, on budget, and to specifications.
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Lean manufacturing
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The production of goods using less of everything compared to mass production
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Mass customization
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Tailoring products to meet the needs of individual customers
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Purchasing
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The function in a firm that searches for high-quality material resources, find the best suppliers, and negotiate the best price for goods and services
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Just in time inventory control (JIT)
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The production process in which a minimum of inventory is kept on the premises s supplies, and other needs or delivered just in time to go on the assembly line
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Layout -Modular
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Team of workers combined produce more complex unit and the final product. Can accommodate changes and design or customer demand
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Layout-Assembly line
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Workers do only a few tasks set a time. Used to produce large quantities of a few types of products.
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Layout-process
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Similar equipment and function or group together. You order in which the product is it's a function depends on the design of the item. This allows flexibility. Frequently used in operations that serve different customers different needs
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Layout - fixed position
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A major feature of planning is scheduling work operation such as a contractor would do.
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Production
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The creation of finished goods and services using land, labor, capital, entrepreneurship, and knowledge.
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Quality
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Consistent production of goods and services desired by customers that are free of defects in the deficiencies
